Basic Chemistry 基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)知到智慧樹章節(jié)測試課后答案2024年秋天津大學(xué)

BasicChemistry基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)知到智慧樹章節(jié)測試課后答案2024年秋天津大學(xué)第一章單元測試

Solidshavea__________shapeandarenotappreciably__________.

A:sharp,convertibleB:indefinite,compressibleC:definite,incompressibleD:indefinite,incompressibleE:definite,compressible

答案:definite,compressibleThesymbolfortheelementpotassiumis__________.

A:CaB:KC:PD:PtE:S

答案:KTheSIunitformassis__________.

A:troyounceB:poundC:gramD:kilogram

答案:kilogramThetemperatureof25°Cis__________inkelvins.

A:298B:103C:138D:248E:166

答案:298Thedensityofsilveris10.5g/cm3.Apieceofsilverwithamassof61.3gwouldoccupyavolumeof__________cm3.

A:5.84B:644C:10.5D:0.00155E:0.171

答案:5.84ThecorrectresultofthemolecularmasscalculationforH2SO4is________.4×15.9994+32.066+2×1.0079

A:98.079B:98.074C:98.838D:98.84E:98.08

答案:98.079Thereare__________significantfiguresintheanswertothefollowingcomputation:(29.2-20.0)(1.79×105)/1.39

A:3B:2C:4D:5E:1

答案:2Ofthefollowing,__________isthesmallestmass.

A:2.5×1010ngB:2.5×1015pgC:2.5×10-2mgD:2.5×109fgE:25kg

答案:2.5×109fgAccuracyrefersto__________.

A:howcloseameasurednumberistoothermeasurednumbersB:howcloseameasurednumberistothecalculatedvalueC:howcloseameasurednumberistothetruevalueD:howcloseameasurednumberistozeroE:howcloseameasurednumberistoinfinity

答案:howcloseameasurednumberistothetruevalueInwhichoneofthefollowingnumbersareallofthezerossignificant?

A:0.05843B:0.1C:0.003002D:0.14329E:100.09009

答案:100.09009

第二章單元測試

Acertainmassofcarbonreactswith13.6gofoxygentoformcarbonmonoxide.__________gramsofoxygenwouldreactwiththatsamemassofcarbontoformcarbondioxide,accordingtothelawofmultipleproportions?

A:27.2B:25.6C:13.6D:136E:6.8

答案:27.2Whichstatementbelowcorrectlydescribestheresponsesofalpha,beta,andgammaradiationtoanelectricfield?

A:Bothbetaandgammaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilealphashowsnoresponseB:Alphaandbetaaredeflectedinoppositedirections,whilegammashowsnoresponseC:Bothalphaandbetaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilegammashowsnoresponseD:Bothalphaandgammaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilebetashowsnoresponseE:Onlyalphaisdeflected,whilebetaandgammashownoresponse

答案:Alphaandbetaaredeflectedinoppositedirections,whilegammashowsnoresponse__________and__________resideintheatomicnucleus.

A:Protons,electronsB:Neutrons,onlyneutronsC:Electrons,neutronsD:Protons,neutronsE:noneoftheabove

答案:Protons,neutronsWhichoneofthefollowingisnottrueconcerningcathoderays?

A:TheytravelinstraightlinesintheabsenceofelectricormagneticfieldsB:TheyaremadeupofelectronsC:TheyimpartanegativechargetometalsexposedtothemD:ThecharacteristicsofcathoderaysdependonthematerialfromwhichtheyareemittedE:Theyoriginatefromthenegativeelectrode

答案:ThecharacteristicsofcathoderaysdependonthematerialfromwhichtheyareemittedThechargeonanelectronwasdeterminedinthe__________.

A:RutherfordgoldfoilexperimentB:MillikanoildropexperimentC:cathoderaytube,byJ.J.ThompsonD:atomictheoryofmatterE:Daltonatomictheory

答案:MillikanoildropexperimentIntheRutherfordnuclear-atommodel,__________.

A:thethreeprincipalsubatomicparticles(protons,neutrons,andelectrons)allhaveessentiallythesamemassandmassisspreadessentiallyuniformlythroughouttheatomB:thethreeprincipalsubatomicparticles(protons,neutrons,andelectrons)allhaveessentiallythesamemassC:thelightsubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleusD:theheavysubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleusE:massisspreadessentiallyuniformlythroughouttheatom

答案:theheavysubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleusAllatomsofagivenelementhavethesame__________.

A:numberofelectronsandneutronsB:densityC:massD:numberofprotonsE:numberofneutrons

答案:numberofprotonsAnatomofthemostcommonisotopeofgold,197Au,has__________protons,__________neutrons,and__________electrons.

A:79,118,118B:197,79,118C:118,79,39D:79,197,197E:79,118,79

答案:79,118,79Whichcombinationofprotons,neutrons,andelectronsiscorrectfortheisotopecopper-63,?

A:29p+,34n°,29e?B:34p+,29n°,34e?C:63p+,29n°,63e?D:34p+,34n°,29e?E:29p+,29n°,63e?

答案:29p+,34n°,29e?Isotopesareatomsthathavethesamenumberof__________butdifferingnumberof__________.

A:electrons,protonsB:neutrons,electronsC:neutrons,protonsD:protons,neutronsE:protons,electrons

答案:protons,neutrons

第三章單元測試

__________iscreditedwithdevelopingtheconceptofatomicnumbers.

A:ErnestRutherfordB:HenryMoseleyC:LotharMeyerD:MichaelFaradayE:DmitriMendeleev

答案:HenryMoseleyElementsinthemodernversionoftheperiodictablearearrangedinorderofincreasing__________.

A:averageatomicmassB:numberofisotopesC:oxidationnumberD:atomicmassE:atomicnumber

答案:atomicnumberThefirstionizationenergiesoftheelements__________asyougofromlefttorightacrossaperiodoftheperiodictable,and__________asyougofromthebottomtothetopofagroupinthetable.

A:decrease,increaseB:decrease,decreaseC:increase,increaseD:increase,decreaseE:arecompletelyunpredictable

答案:increase,increaseIngeneral,asyougoacrossaperiodintheperiodictablefromlefttoright:(1)theatomicradius__________;(2)theelectronaffinitybecomes__________negative;and(3)thefirstionizationenergy__________.

A:decreases,increasingly,increasesB:increases,increasingly,decreasesC:decreases,increasingly,decreasesD:increases,increasingly,increasesE:decreases,decreasingly,increases

答案:decreases,increasingly,increasesWhichofthefollowingtraitscharacterizesthealkalimetals?

A:thelowestfirstionizationenergiesinaperiodB:formationofdianionsC:thesmallestatomicradiusinaperiodD:existenceasdiatomicmoleculesE:veryhighmeltingpoint

答案:thelowestfirstionizationenergiesinaperiodOxidesoftheactivemetalscombinewithwatertoform__________.

A:metalhydroxidesB:hydrogengasC:oxygengasD:metalhydridesE:waterandasalt

答案:metalhydroxidesAnalkalineearthmetalformsacompoundwithoxygenwiththeformula__________.(ThesymbolMrepresentsanyoneofthealkalineearthmetals.)

A:MO3B:MOC:M2O2D:M2OE:MO2

答案:MOWhichnon-metalexistsasadiatomicsolid?

A:phosphorusB:bromineC:boronD:iodineE:antimony

答案:iodineTheonlynoblegasthatdoesnothavethens2np6valenceelectronconfigurationis__________.

A:kryptonB:radonC:Allnoblegaseshavethens2np6valenceelectronconfigurationD:neonE:helium

答案:heliumWhatistheoxidationnumberofchromiumin[Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl__________?

A:-2B:3C:-3D:0E:2

答案:3

第四章單元測試

Thereare__________pairedand__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforaphosphorusatom.

A:2,3B:2,4C:0,3D:4,3E:4,2

答案:2,3Thereare__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforanoxygenatom.

A:3B:1C:0D:2E:4

答案:2Theelectronconfigurationofthephosphideion(P3-)is__________.

A:[Ne]3s23p1B:[Ne]3s23p6C:[Ne]3s23p3D:[Ne]3s2E:[Ne]3p2

答案:[Ne]3s23p6Elementsfromoppositesidesoftheperiodictabletendtoform__________.

A:covalentcompoundsB:ioniccompoundsC:homonucleardiatomiccompoundsD:compoundsthataregaseousatroomtemperatureE:covalentcompoundsthataregaseousatroomtemperature

答案:ioniccompoundsDetermininglatticeenergyfromBorn-Habercycledatarequirestheuseof__________.

A:Coulomb'slawB:

Hess'slawC:Avogadro'snumberD:theoctetrule

E:Periodiclaw

答案:

Hess'slawHowmanyhydrogenatomsmustbondtosilicontogiveitanoctetofvalenceelectrons?

A:1B:3C:5D:4E:2

答案:4Inthemoleculebelow,whichatomhasthelargestpartialnegativecharge__________?

A:CB:BrC:ClD:FE:I

答案:FElectronegativity__________fromlefttorightwithinaperiodand__________fromtoptobottomwithinagroup.

A:decreases,increasesB:staysthesame,increasesC:increases,staysthesameD:increases,increasesE:increases,decreases

答案:increases,decreasesTheLewisstructureofAsH3shows__________nonbondingelectronpair(s)onAs.

A:3B:0C:2D:1E:Thiscannotbedeterminedfromthedatagiven.

答案:1Theformalchargeoncarboninthemoleculebelowis__________.

A:3B:-1C:1D:0E:2

答案:0

第五章單元測試

ThecorrectnameforK2Sis__________.

A:potassiumsulfideB:dipotassiumsulfateC:potassiumsulfateD:potassiumdisulfideE:potassiumbisulfide

答案:potassiumsulfideThecorrectnameforH2SO3is__________.

A:sulfuricacidB:sulfurhydroxideC:hydrosulfuricacidD:sulfurousacidE:hydrosulficacid

答案:sulfurousacidThecorrectnameofthecompoundNa3Nis__________.

A:sodium(IX)nitrideB:sodiumazideC:trisodiumnitrideD:sodiumnitrideE:sodiumtrinitride

答案:sodiumnitrideTheionsCa2+andPO43-formasaltwiththeformula__________.

A:Ca3(PO4)2B:Ca(PO4)2C:Ca2PO4D:CaPO4E:Ca2(PO4)3

答案:Ca3(PO4)2ElementMreactswithfluorinetoformanioniccompoundwiththeformulaMF3.TheM-ionhas18electrons.ElementMis__________.

A:ArB:PC:ScD:CaE:Cr

答案:ScTheconjugatebaseofHSO4-is

A:OH-B:H2SO4C:H3SO4+D:SO42-E:HSO4+

答案:SO42-WhatisthepHofanaqueoussolutionat25.0°Cinwhich[H+]is0.00250M?

A:3.4B:-2.6C:2.6D:2.25E:-3.4

答案:2.6Whatistheconcentration(inM)ofhydroniumionsinasolutionat25.0°CwithpH=4.282?

A:1.92×10-10B:1.66×104C:9.71D:5.22×10-5E:4.28

答案:5.22×10-5WhatisthepHofa0.0150Maqueoussolutionofbariumhydroxide?

A:12.5B:10.4C:1.82D:1.52E:12.2

答案:12.5

第六章單元測試

Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientsare__________.NH3(g)+O2(g)→NO2(g)+H2O(g)

A:1,3,1,2B:4,7,4,6C:4,3,4,3D:2,3,2,3E:1,1,1,1

答案:4,7,4,6Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofAlis__________.Al(s)+H2O(l)→Al(OH)3(s)+H2(g)

A:5B:2C:4D:1E:3

答案:2Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofO2is__________.C2H4O(g)+O2(g)→CO2(g)+H2O(g)

A:1B:4C:3D:5E:2

答案:5Writethebalancedequationforthereactionthatoccurswhenmethanol,CH3CH(l)isburnedinair.Whatisthecoefficientofmethanolinthebalancedequation?

A:1B:1.5C:4D:3E:2

答案:2Thebalancedequationforthedecompositionofsodiumazideis__________.

A:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)B:2NaN3(s)→Na2(s)+3N2(g)C:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+2N2(g)D:NaN3(s)→Na(s)+N2(g)E:NaN3(s)→Na(s)+N2(g)+N(g)

答案:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)Thesolubilityofmanganese(II)hydroxide(Mn(OH)2)is2.2×10-5M.WhatistheKspofMn(OH)2?

A:2.1×10-14B:4.3×10-14C:2.2×10-5D:4.8×10-10E:1.1×10-14

答案:4.3×10-14Whatistheempiricalformulaofacompoundthatcontains49.4%K,20.3%S,and30.3%Obymass?

A:KSO3B:K2SO3C:K2SO4D:KSO2E:KSO4

答案:K2SO3Acompoundcontains40.0%C,6.71%H,and53.29%Obymass.Themolecularweightofthecompoundis60.05amu.Themolecularformulaofthiscompoundis__________.

A:CHO2B:C2H4O2C:CH2OD:C2H2O4E:C2H3O4

答案:C2H4O2Magnesiumandnitrogenreactinacombinationreactiontoproducemagnesiumnitride:3Mg+N2→Mg3N2Inaparticularexperiment,a9.27gsampleofN2reactscompletely.ThemassofMgconsumedis__________g.

A:16.1B:8.04C:13.9D:24.1E:0.92

答案:24.1Whichofthefollowingreactionsisaredoxreaction?(a)K2CrO4+BaCl2→BaCrO4+2KCl(b)Pb22++2Br-→PbBr(c)Cu+S→CuS

A:(b)and(c)B:(c)onlyC:(a)and(c)D:(a)onlyE:(b)only

答案:(c)only

第七章單元測試

Agasatapressureof10.0Paexertsaforceof__________Nonanareaof5.5m2.

A:5.5B:18C:55D:0.55E:1.8

答案:55Agasvesselisattachedtoanopen-endmanometercontaininganon-volatileliquidofdensity0.791g/mLasshownbelow.Thedifferenceinheightsoftheis755mmHg.Giventhatthedensityofmercuryis13.6g/mL,thepressureoftheenclosedgasis__________atm.liquidinthetwosidesofthemanometeris43.4cmwhentheatmosphericpressure

A:0.96B:0.99C:0.987D:1.03E:0.993

答案:0.96Asampleofagas(5.0mol)at1.0atmisexpandedatconstanttemperaturefrom10Lto15L.Thefinalpressureis__________atm.

A:7.5B:15C:3.3D:0.67E:1.5

答案:0.67AsampleofH2gas(12.28g)occupies100.0Lat400.0Kand2.00atm.Asampleweighing9.49goccupies__________Lat353Kand2.00atm.

A:54.7B:68.2C:147D:77.3E:109

答案:68.2A0.325Lflaskfilledwithgasat0.914atmand19°Ccontains__________molofgas.

A:80.7B:12.4C:1.24×10-2D:9.42E:1.48×10-2

答案:1.24×10-2Asampleofgas(1.3mol)occupies__________Lat22°Cand2.5atm.

A:31B:0.94C:0.079D:3.2×10-2E:13

答案:13AflaskcontainsamixtureofHeandNeatatotalpressureof2.6atm.Thereare2.0molofHeand5.0molofNeintheflask.ThepartialpressureofHeis__________atm.

A:1.04B:0.74C:9.1D:1.86E:6.5

答案:0.74Theroot-mean-squarespeedofCOat113°Cis__________m/s.

A:31.5B:586C:58.3D:993E:317

答案:586AsampleofN2gas(2.0mmol)effusedthroughapinholein5.5s.Itwilltake__________sforthesameamountofCH4toeffuseunderthesameconditions.

A:9.6B:7.3C:5.5D:3.1E:4.2

答案:4.2UsingthevanderWaalsequation,thepressureina22.4Lvesselcontaining1.00molofneongasat100°Cis__________atm.(a=0.211L2atm/mol2,b=0.0171L/mol)

A:1.21B:0.73C:1D:0.367E:1.37

答案:1.37

第八章單元測試

Asolutionispreparedbydissolving15.0gofNH3in250gofwater.Thedensityoftheresultingsolutionis0.974g/mL.ThemolefractionofNH3inthesolutionis__________.

A:0.922B:0.0597C:16.8D:0.064E:0.94

答案:0.0597Thevaporpressureofpurewaterat25°Cis23.8torr.Determinethevaporpressure(torr)ofwaterat25°Caboveasolutionpreparedbydissolving35gofurea(anon-volatile,non-electrolyte,MW=60.0g/mol)in75gofwater.

A:3.3B:0.88C:27D:2.9E:21

答案:21Thefreezingpointofethanol(C2H5OH)is-114.6°C.Themolalfreezingpointdepressionconstantforethanolis2.00°C/m.Whatisthefreezingpoint(°C)ofasolutionpreparedbydissolving50.0gofglycerine(C3H8O3anonelectrolyte)in200gofethanol?

A:-114.6B:-5.42C:-115D:-132.3E:-120

答案:-120Asolutionispreparedbydisso