演講技巧的重要性

WhyPresentationSkillsareImportant?

演講技巧的重要性Whatmakesforagreatpresentations?怎樣做成功的演講？Whenarepresentationskillsuseful?演講技巧的用途W(wǎng)hyarepeoplefearfulandnervouswhenpresenting?為什么人們演講時(shí)會(huì)害怕和緊張？1Objectives目標(biāo)Improveyourpresentationskills提高你的演講技巧Improveabilitytoputtogetheraclearandconvincingpresentation提高組織明確、具說(shuō)服力的演講的能力？Improveabilitytofacilitateadiscussionandhandletoughquestions提高輔導(dǎo)課程和處理問(wèn)題的能力2Agenda議程

Physicalskills肢體技巧

Preparingthepresentation演講準(zhǔn)備

Effectivevisualaids有效的證據(jù)

Effectiveuseofmedia有效使用多媒體

Handlingquestionsandanswers處理問(wèn)題和解答

Copingwithnervousnessandgainingconfidence克服緊張、獲取信心3EffectiveNonverbalCommunication有效的非語(yǔ)言溝通4

Eyecontact眼神接觸

Voice聲音

Gestures手勢(shì)

Facialexpressions面部表情

Posture站姿

Movement移動(dòng)EyeContact眼神接觸Lookat:要

–

theentiregroup看全體人員

–onepersonatatime一次看一個(gè)人

–keydecision-makers看關(guān)鍵的決策者

–goodlistenerswhonodandreact看點(diǎn)頭和回應(yīng)的聽(tīng)眾Donotlookat:不要

–apreparedscript看講稿

–thebackoftheroom看房間后部

–theceilingorthefloor看天花板、地板

--thescreen看屏幕5

Practice:Stand\facetoface面對(duì)面站立Lookateachotherfor30seconds互相對(duì)視30秒Voice聲音Tone語(yǔ)調(diào)Speed速度Rhythm節(jié)奏Effectivepauses有效的停頓Clarity清晰6UseYourVoiceEffectively有效運(yùn)用聲音

Effectivepitch有效使用強(qiáng)調(diào)高音

Appropriatevolume合適的音量

Speakatanappropriaterate合適的速度

Enunciateclearly發(fā)音清晰

Emphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)--句子中最重要的事項(xiàng)或詞組

–themostimportantworkorphraseinasentence

7Posture站姿Do’s要

–

arelaxed,professionalmanner放松、職業(yè)化的方式

–comfortablyupright,weightevenlydistributed自然直立、身體重量均勻分布

–feetalignedundershoulders,neithertooclosenortoofarapart.腳與肩同寬，不要過(guò)于靠近或間距過(guò)大Don’ts不要

–standto“attention”立正式“站立”

–slouch無(wú)精打采

–ankles-together腳跟并攏(背書郎)

–legs-apart雙腿岔開(kāi)8Gestures手勢(shì)Asnaturalaspossible盡量自然Usetoreinforcecontent用以加強(qiáng)內(nèi)容Varied變化Open開(kāi)放式

--Handsout手臂外展

--Nocrossedlimbs不要交叉雙手Banishdistractinghabits杜絕干擾學(xué)員的壞習(xí)慣9FacialExpressions面部表情Facialexpressions–

relax放松

–animatetoreinforceideas充滿激情、鼓勵(lì)思考

–smile微笑

–beopen開(kāi)放的10Soften柔和Smile微笑Openstance開(kāi)放的態(tài)度Forwardlean前傾Tone聲調(diào)Eyecontact眼神接觸Nod頷首11BodyMovement身體移動(dòng)Usebodymovementsto:身體移動(dòng)是為了

--Changemoodorpace改變氣氛或節(jié)奏

--Drawattentiontovisualaid提請(qǐng)注意

--Reinforceideas加強(qiáng)觀點(diǎn)Donot不要

Moverandomlyandnervously隨便且緊張地移動(dòng)

--Pace踱步

--Sway左右搖晃12Practice:練習(xí)Telltheclassaninterestingincidentthathappenedtoyou.Payattentiontotheuseofyourvoiceaswellasuseofeyecontact,posture,movement,gestures,andfacialexpressions.Spendafewminutesinpreparinganoutlineforthis3to5minutestalk向

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綱。13EffectiveCommunication有效的溝通嘿,猜得出我老人家多大歲數(shù)了嗎?七十六了！牙口好！胃口好！吃嘛都還倍兒香。靠啥？生命在于運(yùn)動(dòng)！自打十八歲起，我就開(kāi)始冬泳，堅(jiān)持了快六十年了！都說(shuō)開(kāi)刀的活兒老了就不靈了，我就不信這個(gè)邪、怎么樣，小伙子，抽空兒我給你割個(gè)雙眼皮，保你迷倒一大片。（沮喪地）昨晚我真是倒霉透了。第一次去見(jiàn)女朋友的父母，騎車去她家的路上，突然下起了小雨。天雨路滑，加上本人眼睛近視，一不留神，我一下沖到了電線桿上，結(jié)果從車上飛出了兩丈遠(yuǎn)，弄了個(gè)“狗吃屎”，腦門上還起了一個(gè)大“包”，手也掛了彩，成了這幅熊樣。給“老泰山”帶的兩瓶“茅臺(tái)”也摔得稀八爛，簡(jiǎn)直是狼狽不堪！14EffectiveCommunication有效的溝通（喜悅、激動(dòng)地）您認(rèn)識(shí)朱麗葉嗎？她溫柔、漂亮、善解人意，我暗戀她已經(jīng)好幾年了。盡管我用盡一切辦法讓她注意我，可幾年下來(lái)她似乎什么都沒(méi)有感覺(jué)到。明天她就要被調(diào)到分部去工作了，再不講就沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)了。我終于鼓足了勇氣向她敞開(kāi)了心扉。真沒(méi)想到她告訴我她一直都非常喜歡我，只是不敢講。我感到太幸福了，太激動(dòng)了。（憤怒）誰(shuí)那么缺德？昨天半夜，我下中班回家，在路上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)老大爺，倒在地上，奄奄一息。趕緊去醫(yī)院吧！救過(guò)來(lái)一問(wèn)，原來(lái)是被自行車撞了！那人就這么溜了。老大爺還有心臟病呢！要是再晚一步就沒(méi)命了！怎么這么缺德？簡(jiǎn)直是殺人犯！15EffectiveCommunication有效的溝通（激動(dòng)地〕千年的鐵樹(shù)開(kāi)了花，萬(wàn)年的枯木發(fā)了芽，苦苦盼了四十年，俺老伴終于回來(lái)了。記得那年我剛十八，結(jié)婚剛?cè)?，我的那個(gè)他就被抽壯丁給拉走了，此后再無(wú)音信。（辛酸地）如今兒子都快四十歲了，還沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他爸爸！上個(gè)月突然有了消息，明天他就要從臺(tái)灣回來(lái)了！等啊，等啊，盼啊，盼啊，他終于要回來(lái)了！要回來(lái)了?。裣驳兀┯浀蒙闲瞧谖易隽艘粋€(gè)美夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己發(fā)了一筆大財(cái)，哇！變成了百萬(wàn)富翁。起先，我還以為是黃粱一夢(mèng)！誰(shuí)知，前天求哦居然中將了，得到了一百萬(wàn)美金！16EffectiveCommunication有效的溝通（焦急地）您見(jiàn)到過(guò)我的孩子嗎？您見(jiàn)到過(guò)我的孩子嗎？這兩天我可要急死了。我兒子“盼盼”今年才四歲，聰明活潑，天真爛漫，人見(jiàn)人愛(ài)，是全家的掌上明珠。前天下午，他跟我愛(ài)人出去，不知怎么搞的，一轉(zhuǎn)眼就不見(jiàn)了，至今也沒(méi)找到，公安局、電視臺(tái)都去過(guò)了也沒(méi)用，我簡(jiǎn)直快急瘋了！這可怎么辦?。浚。ǜ吲d地）今天我特別高興,因?yàn)槲胰才R門,真是福星高照!第一，三十八歲的人了，終于把媳婦給說(shuō)定了，上星期辦的酒。第二，廠里分我一套三居室，一百多平方。第三，破格提拔，升了高工，剛才廠辦主任告訴我，九月份還要送我出國(guó)進(jìn)修!嘿！我真是太高興了！17EffectiveCommunication有效的溝通Whatdotheyknow?theyneedtoknow?willtheyunderstand?Howdotheyfeel?ticsandpreferences?

Limitto3to5majorpoints3-5個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)

Useexplicittransitions使用明晰的過(guò)渡

Useinterimsummaries使用過(guò)渡概括

Usesupportingmaterial使用支持材料OrganizingthePresentation組織演講TheConclusionTheBodyTheIntroDetermineStyleIdentifyAudience18ThereviewAtransitionphraseThememorablepunchlineKnowYourAudience了解聽(tīng)眾Whatdotheyneedtoknow?他們Clear/commonagreementofexpectationsandgoals期望與目標(biāo)Talkingtopeopleinordertoreachcommonexpectationswillalsoachievebuy-in與他們交談以達(dá)到共同的期望

Alwayscheckyourselfandseeifwhetherwhatyoursayingiswhattheyneedtoknownotwhatyouknowandwanttoshare經(jīng)常檢查自己是否所講內(nèi)容是他們想知道而不是你知道和想與他們分享的19IdentifyAudienceKnowYourAudienceWhatwilltheyunderstand?他們的理解力Matchtheirlevel.適應(yīng)他們的水平Makeeyecontactandlookforquizzicallooks.用眼神接觸尋找迷惑的眼神

Lookattitle,whatdotheydoday-to-daythatcanbelinkedtowhatyouaretalkingabout?注意標(biāo)題，他們的日常工作如何能夠與你要講的聯(lián)系在一起Affectedbypriorexperience.以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響20IdentifyAudienceKnowYourAudienceHowdotheyfeel?他們的感覺(jué)如何？

Prisoner囚犯

Tourist游客

InterestedParty有趣的聚會(huì)21IdentifyAudienceKnowYourAudienceWhataretheirpreferences?他們的偏好是什么？Determinestyle

決定類型Ifyoudon’tknow,assumetherewillbeadiversityofstyles.如果不知道就假設(shè)有許多類型Inworkingwithadiversegroup,youshouldfirstappealto與多類型團(tuán)體工作時(shí)，你應(yīng)該首先去吸引ControllingandAdvocatingstyles-they’retheleastpatient.喜好控制和發(fā)出倡議的風(fēng)格--他們的耐心最差I(lǐng)fthegroupisdiverse,appealtoallstylesonparticularlyimportantorcriticaltopics如果這個(gè)團(tuán)體呈多樣化，就吸引所有類型注意特別重要或緊要的話題Expectthatnotalltopicswillkeepeveryone’sinterest不要期望所有話題都會(huì)吸引每個(gè)人的興趣22IdentifyAudiencePresentationStyle演講風(fēng)格TheInformingstyle:通知型Wewantouraudiencetolearn.Sowearemainlyinstructingorexplaining.Weneedlittleaudienceinvolvement.希望聽(tīng)眾學(xué)習(xí)。所以主要是說(shuō)明或解釋ThePersuadingstyle:說(shuō)服型Wewantouraudiencetoact.Wearepersuading.希望聽(tīng)眾去做。我們總是在說(shuō)服TheConsultingstyle:顧問(wèn)型Wewantbothourselvesandouraudiencetolearn.Weareconferring.Wecannotsimplystateorsellourcontentbecauseweneedouraudience’sopinions.希望與聽(tīng)眾一起學(xué)習(xí)。是可以商議的，因?yàn)樾枰?tīng)眾表達(dá)意見(jiàn)，所以不要簡(jiǎn)單陳述或販賣我們的內(nèi)容TheCollaborativestyle:合作型Wewantbothourselvesandouraudiencetoact.Wearecollaborating.Weneedveryhighaudienceinvolvementtodiscoverourcontent.希望雙方去做。我們是合作的。需要聽(tīng)眾高度參與去領(lǐng)會(huì)內(nèi)容23DetermineStyleBeginningthePresentation開(kāi)始演講Introductions,ifneeded.如果需要先做簡(jiǎn)介Reviewoverallpurpose闡述目的Clearlyexplain/clarifyobjectives.解釋和確定目標(biāo)Explainobjectivesfromaudienceviewpoint(notyours).從聽(tīng)眾的角度解釋目標(biāo)而不是你自己的Makesureobjectivesarestillvalid保證目標(biāo)是有根據(jù)的Arousingaudience’sinterest激起聽(tīng)眾的興趣Establishcredibilityandrapport建立信任度和關(guān)系24TheIntroOrganizingthePresentation組織演講Content內(nèi)容

Dictatedbyobjectives根據(jù)目標(biāo)所定Modularize:makeeverytopicamini-presentation.模塊：使話題成為演講

Easiertotransitionclearly易于清楚過(guò)渡

Easiertoreorder,ifneeded.易于記錄

Cancutbackinanemergency,yetstillbeeffective.可以返回并依然有效Consider考慮

Communicationstyle溝通風(fēng)格

Timeconstraints時(shí)間限制

Impact留下的印象25TheBodyOrganizingthePresentationOptionsforordering順序

Chronological以時(shí)間排序

Process過(guò)程

Linear,step-by-stepinstructions.線性排序

Sequenceofeventsand/ortasks.事件或任務(wù)排序

Mostimportanttoleastimportant重要性(高--低)排序

–Mainideaspresentedfirst.Supportmaterialsfollow.先講主要觀點(diǎn)，支持材料跟進(jìn)

–“BottomLineOnTop”catchesinterest.由下至上捕捉興趣

Leastimportanttomostimportant.(低--高)

–“Buildyourcase”bypresentingsupportmaterialsfirst,mainidealast以支持材料先建立框架，在提出主要觀點(diǎn)

–Usewhenpresentingcontroversialcontent在演講有爭(zhēng)議內(nèi)容時(shí)使用26TheBodyOrganizingthePresentation

Specifictogeneralorgeneraltospecific從具體到總體或從總體到具體

–Usetoinform,instruct,orpersuade.通知、解釋或說(shuō)服

–Ifaudienceisfamiliarwithyourtopic,startwithgeneralitiesthenproceedtospecifics.如通知熟悉話題則從總體到具體

–Ifaudienceknowverylittleaboutyourtopic,movefromspecifictogeneraltobuildtheirunderstanding.thenproceedtogeneraconcepts.

如聽(tīng)眾幾乎不知道話題，則從具體到總體來(lái)建立他們的理解力27TheBodyOrganizingthePresentationForeachmajorpoint/topic:對(duì)每個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)/主題：

Haveanobjectiveforthetopic設(shè)定主題的目標(biāo)

Startwith“topicoverview”(amini-opening)從主題概覽開(kāi)始

Provideexamples,ifappropriate適時(shí)提供范例

Endwithbriefsummary以簡(jiǎn)潔概括結(jié)束

Transitiontonextpoint過(guò)渡至下一觀點(diǎn)28TheBodyEffectiveConclusion有效的結(jié)論Thereview回顧

restatethemeandmajorpoints[inonesentence]用一句話再次陳述主題和主要觀點(diǎn)Atransitionphrase使用一個(gè)過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)Alooktothefuture對(duì)未來(lái)的展望29TheConclusionThePresentation演講時(shí)Do’s要Getsetbeforestarting開(kāi)始前做好準(zhǔn)備

don’tfiddlewithnotes,pointers,equipment,etc.不要擺弄筆記、教鞭、設(shè)備等Confidence有信心

ifyou’renervous如果感覺(jué)緊張:

Youfeelworsethanyoulook!其實(shí)感覺(jué)比看上去差!Enjoyyourself自我欣賞30ThePresentationDon’t

Apologize致歉

Belong-winded大喘氣

Offend惱火

Benegative否定

“TodayI’mgoingtotalkabout…”今天我要談關(guān)于…31VisualAids視聽(tīng)輔助Makesurevisualaidsareconsistentinstyleandquality保證視聽(tīng)設(shè)備一貫的形式和質(zhì)量

lookformattedbythesameperson就象由同一個(gè)人所設(shè)Supportthemainmessageappropriateformality以適當(dāng)?shù)男问街С种饕畔?/p>

themainidea主要觀點(diǎn)

supportingdetail支持細(xì)節(jié)

easyreadability簡(jiǎn)單易讀32Readability可讀性Includeessentialwordsonly只包含重要文字Largeenoughletters字體相宜Avoidunnecessarydecoration避免不必要的修飾33MainIdeasandSupportingDetail主要觀點(diǎn)和支持細(xì)節(jié)MarketSharewas21%in1996MarketSharehasincreasedMarketSharehasincreasedoverfouryears1995

1996

1997

199821%25%30%32%3435Graphs圖表36AccidentshaveincreasedthisyearAccidentshaveincreasedthisyearDon’thidetheimportant

informationwithheavygridandaxislinesUseboldandthickdatalines37Accidentsaccountfor

1/3ofabsenteeismDon’tconfuseyouraudiencewith

superfluousinformationUseonlyessential

informationAccidentsaccountfor

1/3ofabsenteeismaccidentspersonalBadweatheraccidentsEffectiveUseofMedia媒介的有效使用Overheads投影儀Slides幻燈片F(xiàn)lipcharts活頁(yè)紙Videos視頻38Overheads投影儀Usepencilorpointer使用鉛筆或教鞭Staysilentwhenmoving移動(dòng)時(shí)保持沉默Trytopreventwhiteglare避免白光Coverwithcardboard以紙板遮蓋Keeptheoverheadaligned保持投影片接續(xù)39Slide幻燈片Numberyourslides為幻燈片編號(hào)Avoidvisualfatigue避免視覺(jué)疲勞Personalizeyourslides個(gè)性化幻燈片40Flipcharts活頁(yè)紙WriteBIGandonthetoptwo-thirdsofthepage在紙張上端2/3處書寫大字Writenotes書寫注釋41Videos視頻TestVCRbeforethepresentation演講前檢查放像機(jī)Familiarizeyourselfwiththeequipment熟悉設(shè)備Setupsituation設(shè)定位置Stayintheroom留在房間42Computer-GeneratedVisuals電腦相關(guān)設(shè)備Avoidverticallettering避免使用豎寫字母Limitfeaturesperslide每張幻燈片上有限的觀點(diǎn)Useaprojectiondevice使用射頻設(shè)備43HandlingQuestions處理問(wèn)題Whentotakequestions何時(shí)收集問(wèn)題Howtotakequestions如何收集問(wèn)題Howtoanswerdifficultquestioners如何回應(yīng)有難度的提問(wèn)者Encouragequestions鼓勵(lì)提問(wèn)

positivephrasingandbodylanguage正面的詞語(yǔ)和身體語(yǔ)言

questionsareacompliment問(wèn)題就是嘉獎(jiǎng)Lettheaudienceknowwhenyou’lltakequestions.告訴聽(tīng)眾何時(shí)提問(wèn)

“Pleaseholdquestionsuntiltheendofthepresentation.”請(qǐng)?jiān)谘葜v結(jié)束后提問(wèn)

“Pleasefeelfreetoaskquestionsastheycomeup.”一旦有問(wèn)題就請(qǐng)?zhí)釂?wèn)

44HowtoTakeQuestions如何處理問(wèn)題Paraphrasethequestionbeforeanswering回答前先重述Lookattheentireaudience目視所有聽(tīng)眾Answerhonestly回答誠(chéng)實(shí)Answerbriefly回答扼要Bepositive要正面Endthesessionwithaclosingstatement以結(jié)束陳述結(jié)束45HowToTakeQuestionsIfyoudon’tknowtheanswer:如果不知道答案Rephrasethequestion意譯問(wèn)題Say:“I’msorry.Idon’thavethatinformation.”Then:說(shuō)“對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)有這方面的信息”然后giveageneralanswer;promisetogetbacktoquestionerwithspecificinformation給出一個(gè)宏觀回復(fù)，承諾將帶給提問(wèn)者具體信息問(wèn)題giveasource找信息來(lái)源

callonexpertsintheaudience從聽(tīng)眾中找專家

ask:“Whatdoyouthink?”問(wèn)：“你們的看法呢？”Ifyouanticipatehostilequestions:如果預(yù)料會(huì)出現(xiàn)敵對(duì)性問(wèn)題則Setatimelimit給出時(shí)限46WhatToDoWhen…當(dāng)…怎么辦Oneofthemtalkstoomuch其中一個(gè)人說(shuō)得太多

couldneedhim/herlater請(qǐng)他等一下再繼續(xù)

“That’sinteresting.CanIrespondtothat?”“這很有意思，我可以回復(fù)嗎？”Therearesideconversations聽(tīng)眾中有人交談

“Isthatsomethingthattherestofusshouldhear?”你們?cè)谡勎覀兤渌讼肼?tīng)到的什么嗎？47WhatToDoWhen...ThepersonisWRONG!這人錯(cuò)了!

“That’sonewayoflookingatit”這也是一種方法

“Icanseeyourpoint…buthowdoesitapplyin…thissituation?”我明白你的意思，但在…情況下如何應(yīng)用呢？Youcouldgetintoanargument也許會(huì)陷于一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論

calmdown要冷靜

listen,rephrase,agreewherepossible聆聽(tīng)、意譯，有可能時(shí)同意48Youareaskedcontinuallyforyouropinion被持續(xù)詢問(wèn)

readthesituation!Giveitwhenrequired.Otherwise,getothers