2022屆高三英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)外刊閱讀學(xué)案：經(jīng)濟(jì)話題

高三英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)外刊閱讀外刊精選｜美國(guó)大公司宣言：盈利不再是企業(yè)頭號(hào)目標(biāo)一家企業(yè)的頭號(hào)目標(biāo)是什么？長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，美國(guó)企業(yè)一直都把盈利，也就是給股東創(chuàng)造最大利益作為首要目的。但是，近期包括蘋(píng)果的庫(kù)克、亞馬遜的貝索斯在內(nèi)的181位美國(guó)頂級(jí)CEO聯(lián)合發(fā)表聲明，主張企業(yè)放棄“股東至上”理念，承擔(dān)更多的社會(huì)責(zé)任。有人認(rèn)為這是動(dòng)搖資本主義的革命性宣言，也有人覺(jué)得這不過(guò)是老生常談。那么，這些企業(yè)為什么要有此轉(zhuǎn)變？企業(yè)意義究竟是什么？TopCEOsditchmaximizingshareholdervalueastoppriorityTheBusinessRoundtable,acoterieofthetopCEOsfromtheUS,hasputoutastatementtomakeknownitscommitmenttoscrapethelong-heldbeliefofshareholderprimacytopursueanewdirectionincorporategovernance.Shareholderprimacy,atheoryespousedbyUSeconomist&NobelLaureateMiltonFriedman,statesthattheprimarydutyofbusinessesistomaximizeshareholders'interests.Thestatement,signedby181topUSCEOsofcompaniesincludingWalmart,AmazonandApple,hasreimaginedthecorporatepurposeofAmericancompaniestomakeroomformoresocialresponsibilities.Inthenewpledge,theeliteUScompanieshavesworntheirallegiancetodeliveringvaluetocustomers,investinginemployees,dealingfairlywithsuppliers,supportingcommunitiesandgeneratinglong-termshareholdervalue.ThemovecomesatatimewhencorporateAmericaisfacingthemusicoverincomeinequality,unsafeproductsandsubparworkingconditions.Nevertheless,noteveryoneisreadytofallhook,lineandsinkerforthenewmissionstatement.“Idon’tbelievewhatthey’resayingforamoment,”SenatorBernieSanderssaid.“Iftheyweresincere,theywouldtalkaboutraisingtheminimumwageinthiscountrytoalivingwage,theneedfortherichandpowerfultopaytheirfairshareoftaxes.”【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.ditch[d?t?]vt._______________________2.maximize[?m?ks?ma?z]vt._______________________3.coterie[?k??t?ri]n._______________________4.commitment[k??m?tm?nt]n._______________________5.scrape[skre?p]vt._______________________6.pursue[p??sju?]vt._______________________7.espouse[??spa?z]vt._______________________8.reimagine[?ri???m?d??n]vt._______________________9.move[mu?v]n._______________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請(qǐng)從文章中找到下面中文相對(duì)應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.股東價(jià)值____________________________________________2.最高優(yōu)先級(jí)____________________________________________3.商業(yè)圓桌會(huì)議____________________________________________4.公開(kāi)；公布某事____________________________________________5.股東至上____________________________________________6.公司治理____________________________________________7.社會(huì)責(zé)任____________________________________________8.對(duì)某物或者某人宣誓效忠____________________________________________9.某件事情的發(fā)生正值某個(gè)時(shí)期____________________________________________10.因某事而受到指責(zé)____________________________________________11.對(duì)某事深信不疑；完全買賬____________________________________________拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解Thestockmarketisanimportantpartoftheworldeconomy.Themarketitselfisnotasingleplace,likeastore,butratherasysteminwhichpeoplebuyandsellstocks.Obviously,peopleinvest（投資）instockstomakemoney.Therearetwobasicwaystomakemoneyinthestockmarket.Onewaytomakemoneyinvolvessharingsomeofthecompany'sprofits(利潤(rùn)).Basically,whensomeonebuysstocksinacompany,thatpersonbecomesashareholderoneofmanypart-owners.Asapart-owner,theshareholdergetspartofanymoneythatisleftoverafterthecompanypaysforcostsanddevelopment.Usually,whenacompanyismakingaprofit,itsendsmoneytoitsshareholdersuptofourtimesayear.Sometimesthecompaniesoffershareholdersmorestocksinsteadofcash.Ineithercase,thispaymentisknownasadividend(紅利）.Forpeoplewhoownmanysharesofstock,dividendscanadduptoagreatdealofmoney.Peoplecanalsomakemoneywhenstockpricesgoup.Whenstockpricesgoup,thevalueofthatstockincreases.Thus,shareholdersmakemoneywhentheysellthestockatahigherprice.However,stockpricesdon'talwaysgoup.Sometimestheystaythesame;orworse,theygodown.Ofcourse,allshareholdershopestockpricesgoup,sotheycanmakemoneyontheirinvestment.However,intheend,buyingstocksisalotlikeplayingabettinggame,andtheinvestorwhobuysstocksisbettingthatthepricewillgoup.Thequestion,then,iswhocontrolsstockprices?Actually,stockpricesfluctuate(波動(dòng)）duetoseveralfactors(因素）.Whenacompany'sprofitsincrease,itsstockpricesusuallygoupaswell.Also,whenbusinessingeneralisgoodorbadinaparticularindustry,suchastheITindustry,itcanaffectthestockpricesofindividualcompanieswithinthatindustry.Furthermore,sometimesthereareglobalmoneyproblemsthatcauseserioustroubleforinvestorsallaroundtheworld.Often,whenthishappens,thepricesofmoststocksonthestockmarketfallsharply.That,inturn,causesmoreglobalmoneyproblems,whichcanlowerstockpricesevenmore.44.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howcompaniesmakeaprofit.B.Howstockpricesgoupanddown.C.Howinvestorspredictstockprices.D.Howpeoplegainmoneyinthestockmarket.45.Whatdoshareholdersgetfromthecompany?A.Yearlypayments. B.Partofitsprofits.C.Ashareofitsproducts. D.Cashprizesfourtimesayear.46.Whyisbuyingstockslikeplayingabettinggame?A.Stockpriceschangetooquickly.B.It'sdifficultforinvestorstomakemoney.C.It'sdifficulttopredictstockprices.D.Shareholdersbuytheirstocksatahighprice.47.Whatwillhappenifglobalmoneyproblemsoccur?A.Investmentsinstockswillrise.B.Companieswillearngoodprofits.C.Businessinspecificindustrieswilldisappear.D.Thestockmarketwillsufferahugepricedrop.外刊精選答案【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.ditch[d?t?]vt.擺脫；拋棄2.maximize[?m?ks?ma?z]vt.最大化3.coterie[?k??t?ri]n.小集團(tuán)；小圈子4.commitment[k??m?tm?nt]n.承諾5.scrape[skre?p]vt.摒棄；摒除6.pursue[p??sju?]vt.追求；尋求7.espouse[??spa?z]vt.支持；擁護(hù)8.reimagine[?ri???m?d??n]vt.重新想象；重新構(gòu)想9.move[mu?v]n.舉措【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請(qǐng)從文章中找到下面中文相對(duì)應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.shareholdervalue股東價(jià)值2.toppriority最高優(yōu)先級(jí)3.TheBusinessRoundtable商業(yè)圓桌會(huì)議4.makesthknown公開(kāi)；公布某事5.shareholderprimacy股東至上6.corporategovernan