2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：詞匯變形練習(xí)（無答案）

2025年高考英語必備變形詞積累Ⅰ.近5年高考考過的派生詞、合成詞Day1(詞綴派生類)1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.(en－“使成為某種狀態(tài)”＋danger“危險；風(fēng)險”＋－ed→endangeredadj.____________)2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)UPCOMINGEVENTS(up“向上”＋come“來；來到”＋－ing→upcomingadj.____________)3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(member“成員；會員”＋－ship“集體；狀態(tài)”→membershipn.____________)4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.(multi－“很多”＋task“任務(wù)”→multitaskv.____________)5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.(bio－“生命；生物”＋diversity“多樣性”→biodiversityn.____________)6.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標(biāo)本).(out－“勝過、超過”＋number“數(shù)目，數(shù)量”→outnumberv.____________)7.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit.(likely“可能的”＋－h(huán)ood“表示‘情況，狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)等’”→likelihoodn.____________)8.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell－sampled.(over－“過度；過分”＋sample“樣品；標(biāo)本”→oversamplev.___________________)9.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)I’vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks’achievementsallmylife.(de－“去掉”＋motivate“作為……的動力；使具有……的動機”→demotivatev.____________)10.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)WithenvironmentalistéannaLamhnaastheguide,thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.(environment“環(huán)境”＋－al“與……有關(guān)的”＋－ist“從事某種職業(yè)的人”→environmentalistn.____________)11.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.(in－“不；無；非”＋appropriate“合適的”＋－ly→inappropriatelyadv.____________)12.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)ThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.(photograph“拍照”＋－y→photographyn.____________)13.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Ridershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?(ride“乘坐，搭乘”＋－er“做某事的人”＋－ship“集體”→ridershipn.____________)14.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk？(category“種類，類別”＋－ize→categorizev.____________)15.(2024·全國甲卷)Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.(modern“現(xiàn)代的”＋－ize＋－ation→modernizationn.____________)16.(2024·全國甲卷)For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補給).(re－“再；重復(fù)；重新”＋fuel“燃料”→refuelv.____________)17.(2024·全國甲卷)Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat’sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.(un－＋predict“預(yù)料”＋－able→unpredictableadj.____________)18.(2023·全國甲卷)Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant－freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits.(attract“吸引”＋－ant＋－free“沒有……的”→attractant－freeadj.____________)19.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(cor－“和……一道/一起”＋relate“有聯(lián)系的”→correlatev.____________)20.(2023·全國甲卷)TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode－listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.(de－“除掉，去掉”＋list“名單，清單”→de－listv.____________)Day2(詞綴派生類)1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皺)paper.(im－“不，非”＋perfect“完美的”＋－ion→imperfectionn.____________)2.(2022·天津6月卷)InthefictionalworldsoffilmandTVartificialintelligence(AI)hasbeendescribedassoadvancedthatitisindistinguishablefromhumans.(in－“不，非”＋distinguishable“可辨認(rèn)的”→indistinguishableadj.____________)3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)...wefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplaysofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution...(inter－“在……之間”＋play“作用，影響”→interplayn.____________)4.(2022·浙江6月卷)InNewYork,amulticulturalcity,studentslikemeareblessedwithachancetoworkwithadiversepopulation.(multi－“多個”＋culture“文化”＋－al→multiculturaladj.____________)5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Participationinapost－visitsurveyisrequired.(post－“后，以后”＋visit“訪問”→post－visitadj.____________)6.(2022·全國乙卷)Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore－admission.(re－“再，回”＋admission“進(jìn)入”→re－admissionn.________________)7.(2022·浙江1月卷)Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself－employedpettransportspecialist.(self－“自身的，對自身”＋employ“雇用”＋－ed→self－employedadj.____________)8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.(un－“非，不”＋intentionally“故意地”→unintentionallyadv.____________)9.(2022·全國乙卷)Tostrengthentheconnectionwithyoungpeople...invitingtwenty－nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty－sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.(un－“非，不”＋interrupt“打斷”＋－ed→uninterruptedadj.____________)10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.(①un－“未，不”＋protect“保護(hù)”＋－ed→unprotectedadj.____________②in－“不，非”＋consistency“一致性”→inconsistencyn.____________)11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(un－“非，不”＋thinking“思想的，有思考力的”＋－ly→unthinkinglyadv.____________)12.(2022·浙江6月卷)Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowjobperformance...(conscientious“勤勉認(rèn)真的”＋－ness→conscientiousnessn._____________)13.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre－evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.(①function“功能”＋－al＋－ity→functionalityn.____________②adapt“適應(yīng)”＋－ive＋－ly→adaptivelyadv.____________)14.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.(popular“普遍的，流行的”＋－ize＋－ation→popularizationn.____________)15.(2021·北京卷)Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat’sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet...(concept“概念”＋－ual＋－ize“使……化”→conceptualizev._____________)Day3(詞綴派生類)1.(2021·全國乙卷)Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant；however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup...significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.(①in－“不，非”＋significant“重要的”→insignificantadj.____________②out－“超過”＋perform“做，表現(xiàn)”→outperformv.____________)2.(2021·天津3月卷)Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.(inter－“相互”＋connect“聯(lián)系”＋－ed＋－ness→interconnectednessn.____________)3.(2021·北京卷)Theclockregistersbothshort－termirregularitiesandlongtrendsinriverdynamics.(ir－“不，非”＋regular“有規(guī)律的”＋－ity→irregularityn.____________)4.(2021·浙江6月卷)Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,hasprovedirresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.(ir－“不，非”＋resistible“可抗拒的”→irresistibleadj.____________)5.(2021·浙江1月卷)Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon－verbalcommunication.(non－“無，沒有”＋verbal“言語的”→non－verbaladj._____________)6.(2021·全國甲卷)Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowlegedandrejectedbyothers.(un－“非，不”＋acknowledge“認(rèn)可，承認(rèn)”＋－ed→unacknowledgedadj.____________)7.(2021·全國乙卷)Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影響)traveltoundisturbedplaces.(un－“非，不”＋disturb“干擾”＋－ed→undisturbedadj.____________)8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.(dis－“不，非，相反”＋qualify“使取得資格”＋－cation→disqualificationn.____________)9.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs？(em－“使處于某種狀態(tài)”＋power“能量”→empower.v.____________)10.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree－storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.(multi－“多個”＋generation“一代人”＋－al→multigenerationaladj._____________)11.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff－settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.(off－“不在……上，離開”＋set“舞臺，攝影場”→off－setadj.____________)12.(2020·北京卷)SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.(out－“超越，超過”＋pace“速度”→outpacev.____________)13.(2020·天津卷)Thisnewstartgavemeanopportunitytoredefinemyselfanddiscoveranentirelynewversionof“cool”.(re－“再，又，重新”＋define“定義”→redefinev.____________)14.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself－poweredstreetlamps.(self－“自己”＋power“驅(qū)動”＋－ed→self－poweredadj.____________)15.(2020·北京卷)In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan“ultra－intelligentmachine...thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.”(ultra－“極，超過某限度”＋intelligent“智能的”→ultra－intelligentadj.____________)Day4(合成名詞類)1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.(data“數(shù)據(jù)”＋set“套；組；集”→datasetn.____________)2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(spell“拼寫”＋checker“檢查程序”＋－er→spellcheckern.____________)3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.(sun“太陽”＋screen“掩護(hù)物”→sunscreenn.____________)4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).(road“路”＋map“地圖”→roadmapn.____________)5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.(down“向下”＋fall“降落，落下”→downfalln.____________)6.(2024·全國甲卷)Thencreateyourownmasterpiece![master“大師”＋piece“(文章、藝術(shù)品、音樂作品的)一件，一篇，一首”→masterpiecen._______________]7.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.(spring“跳”＋board“板”→springboardn.____________)8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter－gathererpeopletoday.(hunter“狩獵者”＋gatherer“采集者”→hunter－gatherern.____________)9.(2022·全國甲卷)Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape－recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo－year－old.(shape“形狀”＋recognition“識別”→shape－recognitionn.____________)10.(2022·全國甲卷)Wheretrial－and－errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.(trial“試驗”＋and＋error“錯誤”→trial－and－errorn.____________)11.(2022·浙江1月卷)Thedownturnhittherealestate(房地產(chǎn))firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.(down“向下”＋turn“轉(zhuǎn)變”→downturnn.____________)12.(2022·浙江6月卷)Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago－getter...(go“去”＋getter“獲得者”＋er→go－gettern.____________)13.(2022·北京卷)Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.(frost“嚴(yán)寒天氣”＋bite“咬”→frostbiten.____________)14.(2021·天津3月卷)Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.(draw“拉”＋back“向后”→扯后腿的事物→drawbackn.____________)15.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.(stand“站”＋point“地點”→standpointn.____________)16.(2020·浙江卷)ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure－allforjammedroadways.(cure“治愈”＋all“一切”→cure－alln.____________)Day5(合成動詞類)1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.(side“邊”＋line“邊線”→sidelinev.____________)2.(2024·全國甲卷)WelookforwardtowelcomingyouasweshowcasethecreativityoftheHarvardartscommunitythroughperformances,artexhibitionsandart－makingactivities.(show“顯示”＋case“情況”→showcasev.____________)3.(2023·全國乙卷)TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastsintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfromanaveragememberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.(sky“天空”＋rocket“火箭”→skyrocketv.____________)4.(2022·全國甲卷)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick－startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.(kick“踢”＋start“開始”→用腳啟動→kick－startv.____________)5.(2021·全國甲卷)It’stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.(black“黑色的”＋list“名單”→blacklistv.____________)6.(2021·北京卷)One’spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.(under－“不足；未”＋rate“評價，評估”→underratev.____________)7.(2021·北京卷)Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.(counter－“反對，對立”＋act“行為”→counteractv.____________)Day6(合成形容詞類)1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye－catchingfeatures.(eye“眼”＋catch“吸引”＋－ing→eye－catchingadj.____________)2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Theyarebecomingoutdated.(out－“超過”＋dated“過時的”→outdatedadj.____________)3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold－fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(old“古老的”＋fashion“時髦，時尚”＋－ed→old－fashionedadj.____________)4.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.(breath“呼吸”＋take“帶走”＋－ing→breathtakingadj.____________)5.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle－useplastic.(single“單個的”＋use“使用”→single－useadj.____________)6.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction－leveleventforhumanity.(extinction“滅絕”＋level“水平，等級”→extinction－leveladj.____________)7.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Itadoptsadown－to－earthwritingstyle.(down“向下”＋to“到”＋earth“地球，大地”→down－to－earthadj.____________)8.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Visitduringoff－peaktimes.(off“離開”＋peak“高峰”→off－peakadj.______________)9.(2024·全國甲卷)TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment－sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.(government“政府”＋sponsor“資助”＋－ed→government－sponsoredadj.____________)10.(2023·全國甲卷)Ittookweeksanditwasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.(back“背部”＋break“使折斷”＋－ing→backbreakingadj.____________)11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Aground－breaking,five－yearstudyshowsthatdiet－relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.(①ground“地”＋break“打破”＋－ing→ground－breakingadj.____________②diet“日常飲食”＋related“相關(guān)的”→diet－relatedadj.____________)12.(2022·全國甲卷)It’sjaw－droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway...(jaw“下巴”＋drop“使掉下”＋－ing→jaw－droppingadj.____________)13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork’shands－freedrivinglaws.(hand“手”＋free“自由的”→hands－freeadj.____________)14.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thesecondgroupdidhigh－intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.(high“高的”＋intensity“強度”→high－intensityadj.____________)15.(2022·全國乙卷)Ahair－raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockiesofteninblindingsnowstorms.(hair“毛發(fā)”＋raise“使直立”＋－ing→hair－raisingadj.____________)16.(2022·全國乙卷)Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh－tensionelectricallines.(high“高的”＋tension“電壓”→high－tensionadj.____________)17.(2022·全國乙卷)Fruitjuices,milk－baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax...(milk“奶”＋－based“以……為重要部分的”→milk－basedadj.____________)18.(2022·全國乙卷)Itisashort－sighteddecision.(short“短的”＋－sighted“有……視力的”→short－sightedadj.____________)19.(2022·全國甲卷)Avisually－challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststeptojourneytheBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.(visually“視覺地”＋challenged“傷殘的”→visually－challengedadj.____________)Day7(合成形容詞類)1.(2022·浙江1月卷)I’vealwaysbeenindependent－spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.(independent“獨立的”＋－spirited“有某種精神的”→independent－spiritedadj.______________)2.(2022·浙江1月卷)Sheearnsabasicandtax－freesalary.(tax“稅”＋－free“不收費”→tax－freeadj.____________)3.(2022·浙江6月卷)Markmanalsopromotesoff－tasktime.(off“不在……上，離開”＋task“任務(wù)”→off－taskadj.____________)4.(2022·天津6月卷)OlderWesternphilosophersandmainstreamlanguageresearchersbelievethisisfact...(main“主要的”＋stream“溪流”→mainstreamadj.____________)5.(2022·北京卷)Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer－facilitatedlearningprogramavailabletostudentsenrolled(注冊)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.(peer“同伴”＋facilitate“促進(jìn)”＋－ed→peer－facilitatedadj.____________)6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It’soneofthebest－ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.(best“最好”＋rate“評價，評估”＋－ed→best－ratedadj.______________)7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup－and－comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.(up“向上”＋and＋coming“即將到來”→up－and－comingadj._____________)8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill－basedemotionalintelligence.(skill“技能”＋－based“以……為基礎(chǔ)的”→skill－basedadj._____________)9.(2021·浙江6月卷)Seekingotherlike－mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.(like“相似的”＋－minded“思維……的”→like－mindedadj._____________)10.(2021·浙江6月卷)Anysmallinterruption—apricecheck,achattycustomer—canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.(down“順著”＋stream“小河，溪”→downstreamadj.____________)11.(2021·北京卷)Ofcourse,ifyouareanon－h(huán)umanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.(under“在……過程中”＋way“路線，道路”→underwayadj.____________)12.(天津3月卷)Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well－livedlife.(well“好地”＋live“生活，過日子”＋－ed→well－livedadj.____________)13.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone－offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.(one“一”＋off“不會再發(fā)生”→one－offadj.____________)14.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt－freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem...”(guilt“內(nèi)疚，罪責(zé)”＋free“沒有……的”→guilt－freeadj.____________)15.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Inthiscase,oneofarealistic－lookingape.(realistic“逼真的，栩栩如生的”＋look“相貌”＋ing→realistic－lookingadj.________________)16.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Agroupofsea－dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.(sea“?！保玠well“居住”＋－ing→sea－dwellingadj.____________)17.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell－roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.(well“非常”＋rounded“全面的”→well－roundedadj._______________)18.(2020·北京卷)In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th－centuryEnglishmedicineforeyeproblemscouldkilladrug－resistantvirus.(drug“藥”＋resistant“耐……的”→drug－resistantadj.____________)Ⅱ.易錯派生詞從近幾年高考來看，語法填空的派生詞主要考查較為陌生或者變形較為特殊的單詞，所以考前對這部分單詞應(yīng)該多積累，掌握扎實，做到該題不失分。在閱讀、完形等語篇中也含有大量的派生詞，要學(xué)會根據(jù)詞根和詞綴猜測這些單詞的含義。一、名詞后綴(溫馨提示：請格外注意加點單詞。)1.一不留神就會寫錯的名詞Group1curious→____________好奇，好奇心generous→____________慷慨recognize→____________認(rèn)可explain→____________說明，解釋consume→____________消費；消耗assume→____________假定；設(shè)想describe→____________描述，描寫pronounce→____________發(fā)音；讀音compete→____________競爭；比賽qualify→____________資格Group2apply→____________申請tend→____________傾向choose→____________選擇vary→____________種類；多樣性behave→____________行為respond→____________回應(yīng)believe→____________信念relieve→____________寬慰；減輕analyze→____________分析apologize→____________道歉anxious→____________焦慮various→____________種類；多樣性Group3solve→____________解決辦法introduce→____________介紹produce→____________生產(chǎn)reduce→____________減少applaud→____________鼓掌emphasize→____________強調(diào)lose→____________失去succeed→____________成功laugh→____________笑complain→____________抱怨sell→____________銷售weigh→____________重量compare→____________比較serve→____________服務(wù)2.動詞變名詞的后綴(1)后綴－menta.直接加－mentdevelop→development發(fā)展equip→equipment設(shè)備employ→employment雇用treat→treatment對待；治療entertain→entertainment款待；娛樂agree→agreement同意assess→assessment評估astonish→astonishment吃驚punish→punishment懲罰adjust→adjustment調(diào)整disappoint→disappointment失望b.以e結(jié)尾的不去e，直接加－mentamaze→____________驚奇achieve→____________功績；成就advertise→____________廣告arrange→____________安排improve→____________改進(jìn)require→____________要求announce→____________通告encourage→____________鼓舞involve→____________參與manage→____________管理move→____________移動retire→____________退休settle→____________定居；定居處state→____________聲明；陳述·argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)·judge→judg(e)ment意見；判斷力(2)后綴－iona.直接加－ionattract→attraction吸引construct→construction建設(shè)select→selection選擇reflect→reflection反映；思考exhibit→exhibition展覽，展出interrupt→interruption打斷connect→connection連接inspect→inspection檢查；視察instruct→instruction教導(dǎo)react→reaction反應(yīng)discuss→discussion討論b.去e加－ionindicate→indication象征；跡象participate→participation參加calculate→calculation計算appreciate→appreciation欣賞；感激associate→association聯(lián)想；協(xié)會separate→separation分離celebrate→celebration慶祝congratulate→congratulation祝賀accumulate→accumulation積累accelerate→acceleration加速c.去e加－iondonate→donation捐贈motivate→motivation動力concentrate→concentration集中frustrate→frustration沮喪contribute→contribution貢獻(xiàn)distribute→distribution分發(fā)promote→promotion促進(jìn)devote→devotion奉獻(xiàn)communicate→communication交流locate→location地點；定位d.去e加－ionpollute→pollution污染hesitate→hesitation猶豫decorate→decoration裝飾operate→operation操作educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation評估graduate→graduation畢業(yè)(3)后綴－(a)tiona.直接加－ationexpect→____________期待；期望consider→____________考慮relax→____________放松；休閑recommend→____________推薦interpret→____________解釋，說明transport→____________運輸tempt→____________誘惑adapt→____________適應(yīng)；改編本found→____________創(chuàng)立confirm→____________確認(rèn)b.去e加－ationconserve→____________保護(hù)observe→____________觀察organize→____________組織civilize→____________文明realize→____________認(rèn)識examine→____________考試determine→____________決定invite→____________邀請admire→____________欽佩；羨慕；欣賞c.去e加－ationexplore→____________探索declare→____________宣布inspire→____________靈感imagine→____________想象力starve→____________挨餓combine→____________結(jié)合reserve→____________預(yù)定，預(yù)約prepare→____________準(zhǔn)備preserve→____________保存·occupy→____________工作，職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)(4)后綴－(s)sion規(guī)則：－de/d/t→(s)sionconclude→____________結(jié)論decide→____________決定divide→____________分配explode→____________爆炸extend→____________擴(kuò)大，延伸expand→____________擴(kuò)張admit→____________承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)permit→____________許可submit→____________提交emit→____________排放transmit→____________傳送；傳播(5)后綴－anceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→performance表演；節(jié)目assist→assistance幫助，援助accept→acceptance接受resist→resistance抵制annoy→annoyance生氣，煩惱·guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)·enter→entrance進(jìn)入·tolerate→tolerance容忍(6)后綴－enceexist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考；查閱differ→difference不同·occur→occurrence發(fā)生(7)后綴－al(去e加－al)approve→____________贊成；批準(zhǔn)arrive→____________到來；到達(dá)survive→____________幸存revive→____________復(fù)興；復(fù)蘇propose→____________提議；建議refuse→____________拒絕·sign→____________信號(8)后綴－ure/－turepress→____________壓力depart→____________離開；出發(fā)fail→____________失敗mix→____________混合；混合物·please→____________愉快·expose→____________暴露(9)后綴－ydiscover→____________發(fā)現(xiàn)deliver→____________遞送recover→____________恢復(fù)；痊愈·injure→____________傷害；傷處·sympathize→____________同情(10)后綴－agepack→____________包裹pass→____________段落；通道·marry→____________婚姻·store→____________儲存【注意】形容詞＋－ageshort→shortage不足；短缺3.形容詞變名詞的后綴(1)后綴－ydifficult→____________困難honest→____________誠實modest→____________謙虛·brave→____________勇敢(2)后綴－nessa.直接加－nessrich→richness豐富damp→dampness潮濕；濕氣complete→completeness完整；完全tired→tiredness疲勞；疲倦aware→awareness意識；明白，知道conscious→consciousness意識careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗eager→eagerness渴望helpless→helplessness無助kind→kindness仁慈；好意quiet→quietness安靜sad→sadness傷心weak→weakness虛弱；弱點fit→fitness健康；適合careful→carefulness細(xì)心willing→willingness樂意，意愿shy→shyness羞怯sick→sickness疾病ill→illness疾病bitter→bitterness苦難b.以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加－nesshappy→____________幸福lazy→____________怠惰；無精打采lonely→____________孤獨crazy→____________瘋狂busy→____________商業(yè)；生意friendly→____________友好(3)后綴－thstrong→____________力氣；強項warm→____________溫暖；熱情young→____________年輕人dead→____________死亡true→____________真實wide→____________寬度deep→____________深度long→____________長度【注意】動詞＋－thgrow→growth成長(4)后綴－cea.－t變?yōu)椋璫eabsent→absence缺席present→presence出席confident→confidence自信心different→difference不同evident→evidence證據(jù)patient→patience耐心silent→silence沉默important→importance重要性b.－t變?yōu)椋璫esignificant→significance重要性convenient→convenience方便indifferent→indifference漠不關(guān)心diligent→diligence勤奮violent→violence暴力distant→distance遠(yuǎn)處；距離independent→independence獨立innocent→innocence天真；無辜intelligent→intelligence智力excellent→excellence優(yōu)秀(5)后綴－domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧【注意】有些“名詞＋－dom”表示“領(lǐng)域，界”king→kingdom王國；領(lǐng)域film→filmdom電影界(6)后綴－tycertain→____________必然的事cruel→____________殘酷；殘暴safe→____________安全loyal→____________忠誠(7)后綴－itya.直接加－ityreal→____________現(xiàn)實equal→____________平等popular→____________流行familiar→____________熟悉minor→____________少數(shù)major→____________多數(shù)·active→____________活動·sincere→____________真誠·secure→____________安全·necessary→____________必要性b.－ble變?yōu)椋璪ilityable→____________能力disable→____________無能；殘疾capable→____________能力responsible→____________責(zé)任possible→_________