北京市第四中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中英語試題 含解析

高三英語（試卷滿分為100分，考試時間為90分鐘）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AnUnexpectedGiftTwelve-year-oldMathewFloresisdifferentfromotherkids.Helovesjunk(垃圾)mail,andtheseadvertisementsweretheonlyreadingmaterials___1___tohim.Onceheaskedhismailmanifhecouldofferhimsome.Thequestion___2___themailman.Heaskedtheboythereason,andthenrecordedhis___3___inhisFacebook.“Todaywhiledeliveringmail,Isawaboyreadingads,andheaskedmeforextramail.Actuallyhewantstogotothelibrary,buthisfamilyisverypoorandcan’t___4___thebus.”ThemailmanthenaskedhisFacebookfriendsiftheycould___5___somebooksfortheboy.Hewrote,“Mostkidswantelectronicproducts!Butwhathewantsisbooks.It’sgreattoseehisrare___6___,andyoumayhaveseenhimsmilewhenIsaidIcouldhelphim!”“Heiscountingonme,”heconcluded.“SoIamcountingonyou!”ThemailmanthoughttheFacebookpostmight___7___50to60books.Buthis___8___waspassedonquickly.Peoplefromaroundtheworld,includingtheUK,AustraliaandIndia,havesentbooks.Hundredsofbookshavebeendeliveredtotheboy’sdoor,withhundredsmore___9___ontheirway.Whenbooksfirststartedarriving,Floreswasshockedbywhathappened.“Ithoughttheywere____10____,buttheyindeedwereforme.”Hesaysthathecan’twaittosharethebookswithotherkids,andhaspromisedtoreadeveryone.1.A.natural B.available C.common D.familiar2.A.frightened B.disappointed C.surprised D.amused3.A.response B.effort C.decision D.comment4.A.own B.take C.share D.afford5.A.adjust B.examine C.spare D.publish6.A.desire B.effect C.purpose D.value7.A.giveaway B.bringin C.takeon D.putup8.A.belief B.spirit C.secret D.request9.A.only B.nearly C.still D.thus10.A.mistaken B.helpless C.unusual D.awkward【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了郵遞員無意間發(fā)現(xiàn)小男孩兒MathewFlores因貧窮而只看不起書后，將他的故事發(fā)到在臉書上，網(wǎng)友們知道后，給小男孩送了好多愛心圖書的故事?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他喜歡垃圾郵件，這些廣告是他唯一能得到的閱讀材料。A.natural自然的；B.available可獲得的；C.common共同的；D.familiar熟悉的。根據(jù)第二段中“buthisfamilyisverypoor”可知小男孩之所以讀這些垃圾郵件，是因為他的家庭太窮。所以這些廣告是他唯一可獲得的閱讀材料。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個問題使郵遞員大吃一驚。A.frightened害怕的；B.disappointed失望的；C.surprised感到驚訝的；D.amused覺得好笑的。根據(jù)分析可知，垃圾郵件一向是人們不喜歡的，而小男孩卻問郵遞員要垃圾郵件，所以在下一句中“Heaskedtheboythereason”郵遞員問小男孩這樣做的原因。可知郵遞員是感到驚訝的。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他問了男孩原因，然后在臉書上記錄了他的回答。A.response回答；B.effort努力；C.decision決定；D.comment評論。根據(jù)前文“Heaskedtheboythereason”可知，他問了小男孩為什么要這些垃圾郵件，所以這里應(yīng)該是將小男孩的回答發(fā)到了臉書上，故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：實際上他想去圖書館，但他的家庭很窮，付不起乘坐公共汽車的錢。A.own擁有；B.take乘坐；C.share分享；D.afford付得起。根據(jù)“buthisfamilyisverypoor”可知，小男孩的家庭很貧困，去圖書館但付不起乘坐公交車的錢。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，這位郵遞員問他臉書上的朋友們是否可以勻出一些書給小男孩。A.adjust調(diào)整；B.examine檢查；C.spare勻出D.publish出版。根據(jù)下句“Mostkidswantelectronicproducts!Butwhathewantsisbooks”以及“somebooksfortheboy.”可知，由于小男孩想要書，所以郵遞員想讓臉書上的朋友們勻出一些自己的書給小男孩。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：遇見他這么罕見的心愿真是太好了，當(dāng)我說我可以幫助他時，你可以想象他當(dāng)時的笑容。A.desire心愿；B.effect努力；C.purpose目的；D.value價值。根據(jù)上文中“Mostkidswantelectronicproducts!Butwhathewantsisbooks”可知大部分的孩子都想要電子產(chǎn)品，而小男孩想要的卻是書，他的愿望是很罕見的。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：郵差本認為臉書上的帖子可能會收獲50到60本書。A.giveaway分發(fā)；B.bringin收獲；C.takeon承擔(dān)；D.putup張貼。根據(jù)下文“Peoplefromaroundtheworld,includingtheUK,AustraliaandIndia,havesentbooks.”以及“50to60books.”可知，臉書上的帖子讓他收獲了很多書。郵差本認為臉書上的帖子可能會收獲50到60本書。故選B項。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他的請求在網(wǎng)上傳播很快。A.belief信仰；B.spirit精神；C.secret秘密；D.request請求。根據(jù)上文可知，郵遞員向網(wǎng)友們請求捐一些書給小男孩，所以這里他發(fā)的帖子應(yīng)該是請求幫助的，故選D項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：數(shù)百本的書已經(jīng)送到了男孩的門口，還有數(shù)百本的書仍然在路上。A.only僅僅；B.nearly差不多；C.still仍然；D.thus因此。根據(jù)上文“Hundredsofbookshavebeendeliveredtotheboy’sdoor.”以及“ontheirway”可知，有很多書都已經(jīng)送到了男孩兒的門口，但還有很多書還沒有送到。依舊在路上。故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)書開始陸續(xù)到達時，F(xiàn)lores被發(fā)生的事情震驚了：“我以為他們弄錯了，但他們確實是送給我的。”A.mistaken弄錯的；B.helpless無用的；C.unusual不尋常的；D.awkward尷尬的。根據(jù)本句中的連接詞but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，可知，弗洛雷斯一開始很驚訝，以為書是別人寄錯了的。但后來知道書的確是送給他的。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheInternationalWorkers’Day,also___11___(call)LaborDayorMayDay,servesasacelebrationofworkersacrossthewholesocialspectrum(范圍).Chinesepeoplecelebratetheirholidaywitharangeofactivities.It’satime___12___relaxation,asworkersenjoyadayoff.Thisyear’sholidaylastedfromMay1toMay5,duringwhichtimemanypeoplechose___13___(travel)toscenicspots,goshopping,visitexhibitions,orjustenjoytheirtimeoffworkwithfamilyandfriends.Parksandpublicattractionsacrossthecountrywerefilledwithvisitorseagertoenjoytheirvacation.【答案】11.called12.for13.totravel【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了什么是國際勞動節(jié)，中國今年勞動節(jié)的時間及人們在期間的活動?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：國際勞動節(jié)，也被稱為勞動節(jié)或五一，是整個社會階層的工人的慶祝活動。句子的謂語為serves，空處為非謂語動詞作定語，TheInternationalWorkers’Day與call為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。故填called?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這是一個放松的時間，因為工人們享受一天的假期。relaxation為名詞，空處為介詞。timefor…意思為：……的時間。故填for?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：今年假期從5月1日持續(xù)到5月5日，在此期間，許多人選擇去旅游景點，購物，參觀展覽，或只是與家人和朋友享受他們的假期。choosetodo意思為：選擇做某事，空處用不定式作賓語。故填totravel。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InMiskolc,anortheasterncityinHungary,FanLiyunhaswitnessed___14___acupofteamakesadifferenceinculturalexchanges.Fan,59,___15___(work)attheConfuciusInstituteoftheUniversityofMiskolcasaChineseteachercurrently.Sheobservesthattheinstituteisseeingmorestudentswhoarecuriousabouttheinstitute’scoursesthisspringsemester.“Weusuallyheldactivitiestoattractstudentsbeforenewsemesters.Butitseemsit’snolongernecessaryaswealmost___16___(finish)enrollmentbeforethissemesterstarted,saidFan,whowasknownasKristibyherstudents.“Ithinknowthenumberofstudents___17___(study)inourinstitutehasatleastdoubled,comparedtowhenIfirstarrivedherein2019.”【答案】14.how15.works16.hadfinished17.studying【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇新聞報道，介紹了一位中國老師范麗云在匈牙利一所大學(xué)掀起了一股茶文化熱潮，引起了孔子學(xué)院的學(xué)生報名人數(shù)激增?！?4題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：在匈牙利東北部城市米什科爾茨，范麗云見證了一杯茶如何對文化交流產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。witness后為賓語從句，從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)完整，結(jié)合句意，表示“如何”用連接副詞how。故填how。【15題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)年59歲的范目前在米什科爾茨大學(xué)孔子學(xué)院任教?？仗幾髦^語，根據(jù)currently可知，句子描述當(dāng)下發(fā)生的事情，結(jié)合work可知，此句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示目前情況。主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填works?！?6題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：但現(xiàn)在看來已經(jīng)沒有必要了，因為在這學(xué)期開始之前，我們幾乎已經(jīng)完成了報名，范說，她的學(xué)生們都叫她克里斯蒂?？仗幾鱝s引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動詞，根據(jù)before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞started，結(jié)合語境可知，在學(xué)期開始前報名已經(jīng)完成，表示過去的過去，用過去完成時。故填hadfinished?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：與我2019年剛來的時候相比，我認為現(xiàn)在在我們學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生人數(shù)至少翻了一番。句中已有謂語動詞has，空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞修飾students作定語，students與study構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填studying。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thecrisisoffoodwasteand___18___(lose)hasreachedalarminglevelsglobally,graduallyweakeningeffortstoeliminatehunger,povertyandenvironmentalpollution,saidtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP)inanewreportlaunchedWednesday.TheUNEPFoodWasteIndexReport2024thesecondeditionofthiskind,___19___(launch)inNairobi,theKenyancapital,aheadoftheInternationalDayofZeroWastewhichfallsonSaturday.Theworldwasted1.05billiontonsoffoodin2022,equivalentto132kilogramsperpersonandone-fifthofallfoodavailabletoconsumers,saidthereport___20___wasco-authoredbyUNEPandWRAP,aBritishenvironmentalcharity.【答案】18.loss19.waslaunched20.which##that【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇新聞報道，由聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（UNEP）發(fā)布的報告稱，全球糧食浪費和損失危機已達到令人震驚的水平?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（UNEP）在周三發(fā)布的一份新報告中稱，全球糧食浪費和損失危機已達到令人震驚的水平，逐漸削弱了消除饑餓、貧困和環(huán)境污染的努力?？仗幣cwaste并列，用名詞作賓語。故填loss?！?9題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署的《食物浪費指數(shù)報告2024》（這是此類報告的第二版）于周六國際零浪費日之前在肯尼亞首都內(nèi)羅畢發(fā)布?？仗幾髦^語，主語TheUNEPFoodWasteIndexReport2024thesecondedition為單數(shù)，與launch之間為被動關(guān)系，句子描述報告發(fā)布在過去，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填waslaunched?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這份由聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署和英國環(huán)保慈善機構(gòu)WRAP共同撰寫的報告稱，2022年全球浪費了10.5億噸食物，相當(dāng)于每人132公斤，占消費者所能獲得的所有食物的五分之一?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為thereport，為物，作從句的主語，用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATherearemanywaystogetinvolvedandvolunteerattheNationalMuseumofAmericanHistory.BecomingaMuseumAmbassadorisoneofthem.Tolearnmoreaboutthisvolunteerprogram,pleaseseethedescriptionsbelow.MuseumAmbassadorsattheAmericanHistoryMuseumareamobilesourceofinformationthathelpsbridgethegapbetweentwoothervolunteergroupshereatthemuseum—informationdeskspecialists,whoprovideorientation(方向)assistancewhenguestsarrive,andvolunteerdocents(講師),whoprovideHighlightstours,facilitatehands-ondemonstrationsandcirculatethroughmanyofourexhibitionstointeractwithvisitors.Eachyear,ourMuseumAmbassadorshelpover100,000peoplegetthemostoutoftheirvisitsbywelcominggroups,circulatingthroughoutthemuseum'spubliczonestoanswerbasicquestions,anddirectingvisitorstoprogramsandexhibitionsofinterest.ThemuseumhasalsoemployedtheMuseumAmbassadorstoassistwithspecialprojectsandeventsasneeded.TolearnmoreaboutwhatMuseumAmbassadorsdo,checkoutwhatLarryhassaid,“Asmuseumambassadors,wegettoshareinthecuriosityofachild,thenostalgia(懷舊)ofreturningvisitors,thetreasurehuntofstudentsassignedtofindimportanthistoricalobjects,andtheamazementofthoseexperiencingoureyeonthenation'shistoryforthefirsttime.Wecanhelprecommendameaningfulmuseumvisitjustforyou.There'smore.We'realsotrafficcopswhenelevatorsandescalatorsbreakandextraeyesformuseumsecurity."Ifyouenjoy…?interactingwithdiverseaudiences,agegroupsandlearningstyles.?workinginanoftenbusyandchangingenvironment.Ifyouhave…?stronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.?aninterestinhistoryandcommunication.Ifyoucan…committothreeshiftsamonth(weekdayAmbassadors)ortwiceamonth(weekendAmbassadors).Themuseumisopen364daysayear,includingweekendsandholidays.?handlefrequentwalking,standing,andtalking.ToApplyTolearnmoreinformationabouttheapplicationprocess,pleasecontactRuthShirley.NOTE:Acceptanceintotheprogramissubjecttosuccessfulcompletionofaninterviewandbackgroundinvestigation.21.WhichoneistheresponsibilityofMuseumAmbassadors?A.Toreceivevisitorsattheentrance.B.Totakefullchargeofmuseumsecurity.C.Todirectvisitorstotheirexhibitionsofinterest.D.Tohelpvisitorswithhands-ondemonstrations22.AqualifiedMuseumAmbassadorshould________.A.enjoycommunicatingwithpeopleB.speakatleasttwoforeignlanguagesC.haveacademicbackgroundinhistoryD.committoworkingthreeshiftsatweekends23.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto__________.A.introducevolunteerprogramsforteenagersB.providespecialtourstomeetdifferentneedsC.invitepeopletovisittheAmericanHistoryMuseumD.attractpotentialapplicantsforMuseumAmbassadors【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要通過介紹博物館大使這個志愿者工作，來吸引有意申請博物館大使的人士?！驹斀狻?.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Eachyear,ourMuseumAmbassadorshelpover100,000peoplegetthemostoutoftheirvisitsbywelcominggroups,circulatingthroughoutthemuseum'spubliczonestoanswerbasicquestions,anddirectingvisitorstoprogramsandexhibitionsofinterest.(每年，我們的博物館大使所做的是歡迎游客，在博物館的公共區(qū)域巡回且回答游客的基本問題，并引導(dǎo)參觀者參觀感興趣的項目和展覽，通過做這些，我們的博物館大使幫助了超過10萬人，使他們在自己的旅游參觀中有最大的收獲。)”可知，博物館大使的職責(zé)之一就是引導(dǎo)游客參觀他們感興趣的展覽。故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ifyouhave…部分“?stronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.?aninterestinhistoryandcommunication.(較強的人際交往和溝通能力。對歷史和溝通有興趣。)”可知，一個合格的博物館大使應(yīng)該是喜歡與人交流和溝通，A項“enjoycommunicatingwithpeople(喜歡和人交流)”符合，B項“speakatleasttwoforeignlanguages(至少會說兩種外語)”文中沒有提到，C項“haveacademicbackgroundinhistory(具有歷史學(xué)術(shù)背景)”文中也沒有提到，文中只提到對歷史感興趣，所以C不對；根據(jù)Ifyoucan…部分中“twiceamonth(weekendAmbassadors).(一月兩次換班（周末大使）)”可知，D選項“committoworkingthreeshiftsatweekends(承諾周末三班倒)”不符，故選A。3.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段主要介紹了成為博物館大使，可以在美國歷史博物館做志愿者。第二段主要介紹了博物館大使的職責(zé)。第三段介紹了成為博物館大使的一些好處。接著文章從申請人的意愿，條件，要求，申請等幾個方面介紹博物館大使的工作。所以可以得知，文章主要目的是為了吸引有意申請博物館大使的人士，故選D。B“No,”MamaLilsaiditplainandsimple.“Iain’tneverheardofnogirlstobedoingthat.Bebe,youneedtobegettingyourselfarealsummerjob,somethingcivilized.”I’dbeenlivingwithMamaLilsinceIwassix,whenmyownmamaanddaddywerekilledinanapartmentbuildingfire.LillianJohnswasmymom’smother.EverybodyonourstreetcalledherMamaLilandthatwaswhatIcalledhertoo.IhadbeenbuttingheadswithhereversinceIcouldremember.AndtheolderIgot,themoreatoddswewereandthemoreconflictsweexperienced.ForweeksI’dbeenaskingMamaLiltoletmejointheyouthrenovation(修繕)team.ItwasagroupofkidswhohadbeenchosenbycityofficialstoworkwithengineerstohelprepairtheBrooklynBridge.Theprojectwouldlastthesummerandpaygoodmoney.Itwouldhelpmegettocollege,whereIwantedtostudyengineering.ButforMamaLil,thethingthatmadeherthemoststubbornthistime,wasexactlymydreamofbecominganengineer.Insomerespects,MamaLilwasright.Itwastruethatthereweren’tmanyblackwomenengineers.ButIwantedtobuildbridgesmorethananything.“Letmego,MamaLil,”Ibeggedsoftly.MamaLilsatasstillasastatue.“MamaLil,”Isaidcarefully,“ifyoudon’tsignthebridgeprojectpermissionform,Iwillsignitmyself.Nobodywillknowthedifference.”Thenextmorning,MamaLil’seyeslookedred-tired.“I’mgoingtothebridge,”Isaidfirmly.“Iknow,Bebe,”shesaid.Fromherhousedresspocket,shetookoutapenandsignedtheform.“Bebe,thatbridgeisluckytohaveyou,”shesaid.IhuggedMamaLilgoodandhard,smilingbig,rightather.…Ahead,inthedistance,stoodtheBrooklynBridge.Thiswasthebestspottoseethebridge.I’dcometothiscornerandstudiedthebridgeamilliontimes.Andoneveryoneofthosetimes,IwastakenwithwhatI’dcometocallBrooklynBelle.Atnight,Bellewasdressedintinylight.Onacloudlessnightlikethisone,shewasasightlikenootherinthewholecity.Jeweledinlight.Beautiful.IhaddrawnBelleinthehigh-noonlight,atsunset,onsnowydays,andonfoggytwilightmornings...Iwasproudofmydrawings,butwitheachpagetheyshowedasadtruthaboutBelle:Sheneededrepair.Thatbridgerenovationprojectneededme;andIneededit,inmorewaysthanIcouldcount.24.MamaLilrefusedtosignthepermissionformmainlybecause______.A.shehadbecomestubborninheroldageB.shewouldn’tallowBebetohaveasummerjobC.shethoughtthebridgeprojectwastoodangerousD.shedidn’tsupportBebe’sdesiretobeanengineer25.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Bebelostherparentsinthebridgeproject.B.Bebelikedtodrawthebridgeonwintermornings.C.BebeandMamaLiloftengotintoargumentswitheachother.D.BebecalledhergrandmaMamaLilbecauseshewashermom’smother.26.Bymentioningthename“BrooklynBelle”,theauthorintendstohelpreaders______.A.recallthehistoryofthebridgeB.appreciatethebridge’sbeautyC.ignorethedamagetothebridgeD.imaginethebridge’sfuturelook27.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethethemeofthisstory?A.Dreamsknownocolororgender.B.Eldersalwaysmakethebestdecisions.C.Conflictusuallyresolvesitselfintheend.D.Pridewinsoutbutmakesthingsmoredifficult.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者想要參加修復(fù)布魯克林大橋的項目，作者的外婆不允許作者當(dāng)工程師，因為當(dāng)時黑人女性工程師并不多，但是最后她的外婆終于同意了?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“ButforMamaLil,thethingthatmadeherthemoststubbornthistime,wasexactlymydreamofbecominganengineer.”（但對MamaLil來說，這次讓她最固執(zhí)的事情，恰恰是我想成為一名工程師的夢想。）可知，MamaLil拒絕在這份同意書上簽字，主要是因為她不支持Bebe想成為一名工程師的愿望，故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“IhadbeenbuttingheadswithhereversinceIcouldremember.AndtheolderIgot,themoreatoddswewereandthemoreconflictsweexperienced.”（從記事起，我就一直與她作對。隨著年齡的增長，我們之間的矛盾越來越多，我們經(jīng)歷的沖突也越來越多。）可知，Bebe和MamaLil經(jīng)常吵架。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Andoneveryoneofthosetimes,IwastakenwithwhatI’dcometocallBrooklynBelle.”（每一次，我都被我稱之為BrooklynBelle的東西迷住了。）和倒數(shù)第二段的“Atnight,Bellewasdressedintinylight.Onacloudlessnightlikethisone,shewasasightlikenootherinthewholecity.Jeweledinlight.Beautiful.”（晚上，微弱的燈光灑在Belle身上。在這樣一個萬里無云的夜晚，她的身影在整個城市里是絕無僅有的。飾有寶石的光。美麗。）可知，通過提到“BrooklynBelle”這個名字，作者想幫助讀者欣賞這座橋的美麗，故選B?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第四段的“Itwastruethatthereweren’tmanyblackwomenengineers.ButIwantedtobuildbridgesmorethananything.”（的確，當(dāng)時黑人女性工程師并不多。但我最想做的是修建橋梁。）可知，本文主要講的是作者雖然是黑人，但是卻想當(dāng)工程師修建橋梁，因此本文的主題是“夢不分膚色和性別”，即Dreamsknownocolororgender，故選A。CWhenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymes(酶)insaliva(唾液)mightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.ThesameenzymesarealsolockedawayinthecellsofBrassicavegetableslikebroccoliandcauliflower.Whenwechewbroccoli,theseenzymesspilloutoftheirstoragecontainerswhilethoseinourmouthstarttowork.Theseenzymesbreakdownacompound(化合物)calledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetablesandthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules(分子).Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.Accordingtothesepaststudies,whendifferentadultsconsumebroccoli,therecanbeahugedifferenceinhowmanyunpleasantsmellsthefoodletsoffastheirsaliva-borneenzymesbreakittobits.Buttheauthorswonderedwhetherthesamedifferencecanbeseeninkids,whoareusuallymoresensitivetobitterandsourtastes.Theysuspectedthatkidswhosesalivaproducedthemostsmelly,SMCSO-sourcedcompoundswouldshowthestrongestdislikeforbroccoli.Andtheteam’snewstudyprovedtheirassumption.Whilebothadults’andkids’salivaproducedsmellycompoundswhenexposedtocauliflower,thesesmellsdidnotinfluencewhetheradultslikedthevegetable.Ontheotherhand,kidswhosesalivaproducedhighconcentrationsofthesesmellsreportedhatingcauliflowerthemost.Thenewstudyincluded98pairsofparentsandchildrenaged6to8.Aftertakingsamplesofeachparticipant’ssaliva,thescientistsmixeditintorawcauliflowerpowder.TheymeasuredtheSMCSO-sourcedsmellcompoundsletoffandfoundeachparticipant’ssalivageneratedadifferentquantityofsmells.Interestingly,thedegreeofsicklysmellproductionwassimilarbetweenparents’salivaandtheirchildren’s.Thisindicatesthatparentsandkidslikelycarrysimilarbacteriaintheirmouths,whichwouldcausethemtoproducesimilarlevelsofcysteinelyases.Oursensesoftasteandsmellarestrongestinyouth,whichmaymakekidsevenmoresensitivetothesedifferencesinflavor.Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.28.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thefunctionofmouthbacteria. B.Thecauseofanunpleasantflavor.C.ThefeatureofBrassicavegetables. D.Theformofenzymesinourmouth.29.Whatdopreviousstudiesindicate?A.SMCSO-breakdowndependsonvariousenzymes.B.EnzymesdeterminethetasteofBrassicavegetables,C.Individualsreleasevaryingamountsofsmellmolecules.D.Kidsproducingthemostsmellshate-broccoliparticularly.30.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Wemightacceptsomefoodsthroughrepeatedexposure.B.Thelevelofsmellsmayaffectanadult’stastepreference.C.Parents’andtheirkids’saliva-borneenzymesdon’tmatchD.Kids’salivacouldproducehigherconcentrationsofsmells.【答案】28.B29.B30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了人們之所以在吃西蘭花和花菜時覺得難吃是因為口腔唾液中的一種特定的酶?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whenservedcauliflowerorbroccoli,somekidsturnawayinannoyance.Don’tblamethem—anewstudysuggestsspecificenzymesinsalivamightmakethesevegetablestasteterribletosomechildren.(當(dāng)吃到花椰菜或西蘭花時，一些孩子會不耐煩地走開。不要責(zé)怪他們——一項新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能會讓這些蔬菜對一些孩子來說味道糟糕)”及第二段“Theseenzymes,calledcysteinelyases,areproducedbybacteriainthemouth.(這些酶被稱為半胱氨酸裂合酶，是由口腔中的細菌產(chǎn)生的)”可知，文章第一、二段解釋了花菜的味道難吃的原因。故選B。【29題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“TheseenzymesbreakdownacompoundcalledS-methyl-L-cysteinesulfoxide(SMCSO)inthesevegetables,andthisbreakdownprocesstransformsthecompoundintosharpsmellmolecules.Previousstudiesofadultssuggestthelevelofcysteinelyaseactivityinaperson’ssalivadetermineshowmuchtheSMCSObreaksdown.This,inturn,influenceshowthesevegetablestastetoadults.(這些酶在這些蔬菜中分解成一種叫做S-甲基-l-半胱氨酸亞砜（SMCSO）的化合物，這個分解過程將化合物轉(zhuǎn)化為尖銳的氣味分子。先前對成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂合酶的活性水平?jīng)Q定了SMCSO的分解程度。這反過來又影響了這些蔬菜對成年人的味道)”可知，之前的研究表明，酶決定了芥屬植物在嘴里的味道。故選B。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thesamepreferencepatternisnotseeninadults,whoalsoproduceplentyofbadsmells.ThissuggeststhattheadultscametotoleratethetasteofBrassicavegetables.Thefindingsagreewithpaststudiesofhowourtasteschangeovertime:wecanlearntoovercomeourdistasteforcertainfoodbyeatingitmore.(這表明，成年人開始耐受芥屬植物蔬菜的味道。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)與過去關(guān)于我們的口味如何隨時間變化的研究一致：我們可以通過多吃來克服對某種食物的厭惡)”可知，通過不斷的接觸，我們可能會接受某些不太喜歡的食物。故選A。DConsiderthesefacts:ThetennischampionWilliamssistersareagenerationapart,accordingtothePewResearchCenter.Venus,bornin1980,islabelled“GenX”;Serena,bornin1981,isa“millennial”.Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbornin1946whilethelatterwasbornin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers”.Beforeyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes(刻板印象),letmestopyouthere:Justdon’t.Generationlabels,althoughwidelyadoptedbythepublic,havenobasisinsocialreality.Infact,inonerecentsurvey,mostpeopledidnotidentifythecorrectgenerationforthemselves,evenwhentheywereshownalistofoptions.Thisisnotsurprisingsincethelabelsareforcedbysurveyresearchers,journalistsormarketingfirmsbeforetheidentitiestheyaresupposedtodescribeevenexist.Insteadofaskingpeoplewhichgrouptheyidentifywithandwhy,theyjustdeclarethelabelsandstartmakingpronouncementsaboutthem.That’snothowsocialidentityworks.Thepracticeofnaming“generations”basedonbirthyeargoesbackatleasttothesupposed“l(fā)ost-generation”ofthelate19thcentury.Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextnamethatsticks,ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicunderstanding.Thesupposedboundariesbetweengenerationsarenomoremeaningfulthanthenamesthey’vebeengiven.Thereisnoresearchidentifyingtheappropriateboundariesbetweengenerations,andthereisnostatisticalbasisforrequiringthesweepingcharactertraits(特征)thatarebelievedtodefinethem.Inonearticleyoumightreadthatmillennialsare“l(fā)iberallions”,“downwardlymobile”,and“distrustful”;eventhoughtheyalso“getalongwellwiththeirparents,respecttheireldersandworkwellwithcolleagues”.Ridiculous,clearly.Butwhat’stheharm?Aren’ttheselabelsjustabitoffunforwriters?Amethodtoattractreadersandawayofcommunicatinggenerationalchange,whichnoonewoulddenyisarealphenomenon?We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon’tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren’treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters.Worsethanirrelevant,suchbaselesslabelsdrivepeopletowardstereotypingandthoughtlesscharacterjudgment.Measuringanddescribingsocialchangeisessential,anditcanbeusefultoanalyzethehistoricalperiodinwhichpeoplewerebornandraised,butdrawingrandomlinesbetweenbirthyearsandassigningnamestothemdoesn’thelp.Todaytherearelotsofgoodalternativestolabelgenerations.Wecansimplydescribepeoplebythedecadeinwhichtheywerebornanddefinegenerationalgroupsspecificallyrelatedtoaparticularissue—suchas2020schoolkids.Withthearrivalof“GenerationZ”,therehasneverbeenabettertimetogetoffthistrain.31.WhatdothefactslistedinParagraph1imply?A.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutgenerationlabels.B.Peoplewiththesamegenerationlabelmaynotbeofsimilarage.C.Generationalchangecanbemeasuredbygenerationlabels.D.Generationlabelsarewidelyadoptedbycelebrities.32.Theunderlinedword“sticks”inParagraph4probablymeans______.A.isunderstood B.isanalyzed C.isdescribed D.isaccepted33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A.thegenerationlabelisaharmlessdevicewritersusetoreflectrealityB.generationboundariesaremoremeaningfulthangenerationlabelsC.assigningcharactertraitstoacertaingenerationismisguidedD.journalistsshouldfindalternativewaystojudgecharacter34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Generationlabels:It’shightimetoretirethemB.Generationlabels:TheongoingdebatewillneverendC.Generationlabels:Whatdotheysayaboutwhoweare?D.Generationlabels:Expandorbridgegenerationaldifferences?【答案】31B32.D33.C34.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了代際標(biāo)簽的制定，說明代際標(biāo)簽具有不可靠性，給一代人貼標(biāo)簽，有很多好的替代選擇?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Meanwhile,DonaldTrumpandMichelleObamabothbelongtothesamegeneration.Theformerwasbornin1946whilethelatterwasbornin1964,makingthemboth“babyboomers”.”（同時，唐納德·特朗普和米歇爾·奧巴馬都屬于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他們都屬于“嬰兒潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代標(biāo)簽的人可能年齡不同。故選B項。【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Butasthetraditionslidintoanever-endingcompetitiontobethefirsttoproposethenextname”（但是，隨著這一傳統(tǒng)滑向一場無休止的要成為第一個提出下一個名字的競爭，）以及“ithasproducedgraduallydecliningreturnstosocialscienceandthepublicunderstanding.”（社會科學(xué)和公眾理解的回報率逐漸下降。）可知，句中thenextname指的是為下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一個名字，推測劃線單詞表示“接受”，與isaccepted同義。故選D項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Beforeyoupushthesediversepersonalitiesintogenerationalstereotypes(刻板印象),letmestopyouthere:Justdon’t.”（在你將這些不同性格推入代際刻板印象之前，讓我在這里阻止你：不要這樣做。）以及第六段“We,inacademicsocialscience,studyandteachsocialchange,butwedon’tstudyandteachtheselabelsbecausetheysimplyaren’treal.Andinsocialscience,realitystillmatters.”（在學(xué)術(shù)社會科學(xué)中，我們研究和教授社會變革，但我們不研究和教授這些標(biāo)簽，因為它們根本不是真實的。在社會科學(xué)中，現(xiàn)實仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意將不同的性格推入代際刻板印象，認為代際標(biāo)簽是不真實的，可能同意將性格特征分配給某一代是錯誤的。故選C項?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要說明了代際標(biāo)簽的制定以及一些代際標(biāo)簽制定的發(fā)展，說明了代際標(biāo)簽具有不可靠性，給一代人貼標(biāo)簽，有很多好的替代選擇，所以“時代標(biāo)