專題16.3 閱讀理解（說明文）（第02期） 帶解析

2019年中考真題英語分項匯編（一）【2019?江西省中考】Everyonefaceschallengesintheirlife,butsomearemoreimportantthanothers.DanielKishhadseriousproblemswithhiseyeswhenhewasborn.Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.Soonafter,however,hestartedtodoanamazingthing.Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue（舌頭）tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(聲吶).Heissogoodatitthathecanrideabicycleintraffic.Heandhisgroup,WorldAccessfortheBlind,teachothershowtousesonar.InthisinterviewwithNationalGeographic,Kishexplainshowtheprocessworks.Howdoessonarwork?＂WhenImakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.Thesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(圖像).It’slikehavingaconversationwiththeenvironmentWhenyouclick,whatdoyouseeinyourmind?"Eachclickislikeacameraflash.Imakea3Dimageofthethingsaroundmeforhundredsoffeetineverydirection.＂Whatisitlikeridingabikeusingsonar?＂It’sexcitingandenjoyablebutrequiresalotoffocus.Iclickuptotwotimespersecond,,muchmorethanIusuallydo.＂Isitdangeroustomovearoundtheworldinthisway?"Muchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagine.Ihaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨頭)asakid.＂Howchallengingisittoteachpeopletousesonar?＂Manystudentsaresurprisedhowquicklyresultscome.Seeingisn’tintheeyes,it’sinthemind.＂1.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Kishexplainshowsonarworks.B.Kishteachespeoplehowtousesonar.C.Kishstartedtomovearoundusingsonar.D.Kishisgoodatridingabicycleintraffic.2.Howdoessonarwork?Choosetherightorder.a.Thesoundwavesreflectoffsurfaces.b.Thepersonmakesaclickingsound.c.Thebrainmakesimageswiththesounds.d.Thesoundwavesreachthepersonsears.A.b-a-c-d B.b-d-a-c C.a-b-d-c D.b-a-d-c3.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?A.Healwayschallengeshimselfbravely.B.Helivesinfearofthingsthatheimagines.C.Hebecameblindwhenhewas14yearsold.D.Hebrokehisbonewhenclimbingasachild.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowSonarWorks.B.RidingaBikeUsingSonar.C.SeeingwiththeMind.D.HowtheBlindMoveAround.【文章大意】文章介紹了DanielKish因為嚴重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來走動，他解釋了這個過程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看。1.C【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌頭)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(聲吶).不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來走動，可知這一段主要講訴Kish開始用聲吶走動；故選C。2.D【解析】順序排列題。根據(jù)Imakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.hesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(圖像).可知聲吶工作的順序是發(fā)出咔嗒聲，聲音從表面反射回來，到達人的耳朵，大腦把聲音制成圖像；故選D。3.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MuchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagineIhaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨頭)asakid.他沒有生活在想象的恐懼中，也沒傷到骨頭，根據(jù)Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.可知是14個月，不是14歲；根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，可知他總是勇敢地挑戰(zhàn)自己；故選A。4.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章介紹了DanielKish因為嚴重的眼睛疾病，醫(yī)生摘除了他的眼球，不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來走動，他解釋了這個過程是怎么工作的，舌頭發(fā)出的聲音反射回到耳朵，然后大腦大腦加工成圖像，就像和環(huán)境對話，不是用眼睛看，而是用大腦看?？芍@段的最好題目是＂用大腦看＂；故選C?！军c睛】短文閱讀，做題時要結(jié)合文章的特點，題目涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷，做題時要在了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合題目針對不同的題型采用不同的解答方式，比如細節(jié)理解題，我們要抓住里面的最有效的信息選擇出正確的答案，總之理解透文章是做好一篇閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵。例如：小題1段落大意題。根據(jù)Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔塔)soundswithhistongue舌頭)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙幅),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(聲吶).不久后，他就用舌頭發(fā)出咔塔聲來幫助他走路，就像蝙蝠一樣，用聲吶來走動，可知這一段主要講訴Kish開始用聲吶走動；故選C。（二）【2019?天津市中考】Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butregardlessof(不管)age,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(血壓).Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas＂lazy＂.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep.theyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaasanexpert(專家)insleep.Hesays,＂Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.Whenyousleepless.youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldtsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyour‘sleepcreditcard.’＂Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid.＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂5.Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto.A.eathealthyfoodeverydayB.takeexcrciscasmuchaspossibleC.getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessaryD.sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight6.Whatdoes＂slecep-deprived＂meaninParagraph2?A.Havingagoodsleep. B.Excitedaboutsleep.C.Havinglesssleep. D.Interestedinsleep.7.AccordingtoDr.JamesMaas,whatissleeplike?A.Anhour. B.Areport.C.Acreditcard. D.Apieceofpaper.8.WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagragh5?A.Sleepingduringthenightisfoolish.B.Sleepingduringthenightishelpful.C.Peoplehavenocourage.D.Peoplealwaysdolesswork.9.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage’?A.TheValueofSleepB.TheValueofStudyC.TheWaysofEatingLessD.TheWaysofMakingMoney【文章大意】本文介紹了睡眠的價值。文章介紹了有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最簡單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個小時或更長時間。世界上越來越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不僅使人感到疲勞，而且還會造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學習睡眠的價值？睡眠專家告訴我們：＂睡眠就像信用卡。當你睡眠不足時。你只是在借用時間。你總是要還錢。你不睡覺的時間越多，＂償還＂你＂睡眠信用卡＂上的時間就越多。＂一位名人曾經(jīng)說過：＂不要以為你會因為晚上睡覺而減少工作。這是一個沒有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂5.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.可知，但改善健康的最簡單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個小時或更長時間。故選D。6.C【解析】詞意猜測題。A.Havingagoodsleep.睡得好；B.Excitedaboutsleep.對睡眠感到興奮。C.Havinglesssleep.睡眠不足；D.Interestedinsleep.對睡眠感興趣。句子AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故選C。7.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。A.Anhour.一個小時；B.Areport.一份報告；C.Acreditcard.一張信用卡；D.Apieceofpaper.一張紙。根據(jù)Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故選C。8.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。句子＂Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish(愚蠢的)ideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.＂＂不要以為你會因為晚上睡覺而減少工作。這是一個沒有想象力的人的愚蠢的想法。你可以做得更多。＂這句話充分說明了晚上睡覺是有幫助的。故選B。9.A【解析】推理判斷題。A.TheValueofSleep睡眠的價值；B.TheValueofStudy學習的價值；C.TheWaysofEatingLess少吃的方法；D.TheWaysofMakingMoney賺錢的方式。根據(jù)Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。進行鍛煉并獲得醫(yī)療幫助。但改善健康的最簡單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個小時或更長時間。和句子Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學習睡眠的價值？可知，本文主要介紹了睡眠的價值。因此最好的題目是TheValueofSleep.故選A?！军c睛】詞義猜測題是閱讀理解中常見的一種題型，所猜測詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測詞義和語義的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語境。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的推測。(2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會有對該詞進行解釋說明的短語或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語表達出來，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達的意思，不僅可以擴大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y詞義。第2小題的詞義猜測題就是利用第1種解題方法。（三）【2019?江蘇省蘇州市】EverydaythereislessandlessspaceonEarthforrubbish.Yeteverydaywemakemoreandmorerubbish.Whatcanwedo?Wecanrecyclesomeofourrubbish.Recyclingmeansthattherubbishwillbemadeintosomethingthatcanbeusedagain.RecyclinghelpsEarth.Anditsavesspaceinrubbishdumps.Halfofeverythingthatweputintolandfillscouldberecycledinstead.Infact,mostthingsmadeofpaper,metal,glassandplasticcanberecycled.Papercanbebrokenintosmallpiecesandmadeintonewpaper.Steelandaluminumcans（金屬雄）canbemelteddown（熔化）andmadeintonewcans.Thesameistrueofglassbottles.Thiscanbedoneoverandoveragain.Recyclingdoesn’ttakeasmuchenergyasmakingthesethingsthefirsttime.SowecanuselessofEarth’sfuelresources.Plasticcanbemelteddown,too.Thenitcanbeformedintoparkbenches,playgroundsandsoon.Somepeoplecallplasticthe"wood"ofthefuture.Thingsmadeofplasticwilllastabout400years-eveniftheystayoutsideintheweather.Nowoodcandothat!10.Theunderlinedword"landfills"inParagraph2probablymeans_____________.A.benchfactories B.placesforrubbishC.greenmountains D.recyclingcentres11.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenslasttothecan?A.Thecanisputintoarecyclingbin. B.Thecanismelteddownandreused.C.Asteelcangetsfilledwithcorn. D.Apersonusesthecorninthecan.12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Cansshouldbemelteddown.B.Oldnewspaperscanbereused.C.Wecanbuildbenchesthatlast400years.D.Weshouldrecycleeverythingthatwecan.【文章大意】本文關(guān)注的是地球污染問題，呼吁人們對垃圾進行回收再利用，保護地球。10.B【解析】題意：第2段下劃線的單詞＂landfills＂意思可能是_____________?？疾樵~義理解。putinto投入/傾倒；根據(jù)上文Anditsavesspaceinrubbishdumps.和下文couldberecycledinstead.可知landfills是填埋垃圾的地方，placesforrubbish符合句意，故選B。11.B【解析】題意：根據(jù)這篇文章，罐子最后發(fā)生了什么?考查細節(jié)推斷。根據(jù)Steelandaluminumcanscanbemelteddownandmadeintonewcans.可知可以熔化制成新罐，故選B。12.D【解析】題意：這篇文章的主旨是什么?考查主旨理解。A.罐頭應(yīng)該熔化。B.舊報紙可以重復使用。C.我們可以建造使用400年的長椅。D.我們應(yīng)該回收我們能回收的一切。根據(jù)開頭Wecanrecyclesomeofourrubbish.Recyclingmeansthattherubbishwillbemadeintosomethingthatcanbeusedagain.可知短文介紹的是垃圾的回收再利用，故選D。（四）【2019?浙江省寧波市】Bigdata(數(shù)據(jù))isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersorpatternsinthedata.Bigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources,suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites,companiesandgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople’snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputerBigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstandwhichchildrenmayneedextrahelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsothosestudentscansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata,too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredictifababywhoisborntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysoheorshedoesnotgetsick.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.Howcanbigdatabeusedforgoodandbadthings?Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsusedtolookatbigdataandunderstanditarewrittenbypeople.Peoplethinkacertainway.Becausetheythinkacertainway,theybuildamodelofthoseideas.Theseideasarethenusedtolookatthedata.Sometimes,theseideasarehelpfulforpeopleorbusinesses.Othertimes,badideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.13.Thisreadingisabout_____________.A.whatbigdataisandhowitisusedB.whatschoolsandhospitalspeoplelikeC.whereimportantdataiscollectedandstoredD.howbigdataiscontrolledbygovernmentsandcompanies14.Onecompanyusesweatherinformationto_____________.A.helpchildreninneedB.knowwhenpeoplewillvisitthehospitalC.findoutwhotidesthebusortrainD.understandwhenpeoplewillneedicecream15.ThemainideaofParagraph3is_____________.A.bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasonsB.wecanusebigdatainanumberofwaysC.bigdatacanbeusedforbothgoodandbadreasonsD.wecanusebigdatatopreventbabiesfromgettingsick16.Theoveralltone(總基調(diào))ofthisreadingis_____________.A.sadandpersonal B.personalandscientificC.informativebutsilly D.scientificandinformative【文章大意】你了解大數(shù)據(jù)嗎？大數(shù)據(jù)就是將很多信息放在一起，可以供計算機程序使用。短文中列舉了很多使用大數(shù)據(jù)的方式，既有好的一些方面，也有不好的。13.A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第一段的開頭Bigdata(數(shù)據(jù))isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.和第二段的開頭Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways可知，這篇短文給我們講述了＂什么是大數(shù)據(jù)＂以及＂大數(shù)據(jù)的使用＂，故A選項最符合文意，選A。14.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段最后一句話Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.可知，某公司使用天氣數(shù)據(jù)來查看人們什么時候吃的冰淇淋最多。由此可知應(yīng)選D。15.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)這一段的開頭Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.以及第四句話Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.可知，這一段中介紹了大數(shù)據(jù)用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各自舉例說明。故C選項符合文意。16.D【解析】推理判斷題。這篇短文給我們介紹了什么是大數(shù)據(jù)以及大數(shù)據(jù)的使用方式，整篇文章科學、客觀，并使用了許多例子進行解釋，使讀者更容易理解。因此整篇文章的基調(diào)是科學而又具有教育性的，故應(yīng)選D。（五）【2019?四川省樂山市】Whenhewasnineyearsold,AmericanboyMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmanyplasticstraws(吸管)doAmericansuseeveryday?Hequicklylearnedtherewasn’tasimpleanswer.Theboytriedtoworkitouthimself.Throughlotsofresearch,CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawseveryday.Inhopesofreducingplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011.Cressstartedtheprojectinhishometown–Burlington,Vermont.Heaskedalocalrestauranttostopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder.Itwasasimplechange.However,itwouldsavemoney.Andbydoingthat,therestaurantwouldcutdownonitsstrawuseby50percent.Fortheyearsthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates.Moreandmorerestaurantsagreedtojoin.Theystopprovidingthecustomerwithastrawunlessheorsheasksforone.LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban(禁止)plasticstraws.Plasticpollutionhasbeenoneofthemostseriousproblemstoday.Accordingtoscientists,morethaneightmilliontonsofplasticendupintheoceaneachyear.Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterrible.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletogetcomfortablewithsingle-useplastics.Afterhisprojectbecamepopular,Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad.Hehassincespokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplasticstraws.＂Focusing(聚焦)onstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,＂Cresssays.＂AnditmakesmefeelthatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too.＂17.WhendidMiloCressstarttocareabouttheproblemofstraws?A.Tenyearsago. B.Intheyear2011. C.Intheyearthathewas9.18.CressstartedtheBeStrawFreeprojectinorderto_____________.A.getagoodscoreinscienceathisschoolB.encouragepeopletoreduceplasticwasteC.becomeafamouspersoninhishometown19.WhatdidCressaskarestaurantinBurlingtontodo?A.Stopofferingstrawstoitscustomers.B.Preventpeoplefromusingstrawstodrink.C.Countthenumberofstrawsituseseveryday.20.Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterriblebecause_____________.A.theyarethemostseriousproblemtodayB.scientistspaylittleattentiontotheirinfluenceC.theyhelppeoplegetusedtousingsingle-useplastics21.Overtheyears,Cresshas_____________.①spreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates②askedSeattletocompletelybanplasticbags③countedtheplasticstrawsintheoceaneveryyear④spokentoteensaroundtheworldaboutplasticwasteA.①③ B.②③ C.①④【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述如今白色污染已經(jīng)是最嚴重的問題，一個九歲的孩子創(chuàng)建了一個項目希望減少白色污染，并且講述了他為減少白色污染而做的努力。17.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whenhewasnineyearsold,AmericanboyMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmanyplasticstraws(吸管)doAmericansuseeveryday可知，在他9歲時，他關(guān)心吸管問題，故選C。18.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Inhopesofreducingplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011可知，他創(chuàng)辦這個項目的目的是為了減少白色污染，故選B19.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Heaskedalocalrestauranttostopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder可知，他讓伯靈頓的飯店不要主動向顧客提供吸管，故選A。20.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Plasticstrawsareespeciallyterrible.Theymakeiteasyforpeopletogetcomfortablewithsingle-useplastics可知，他們使人們很容易適應(yīng)一次性塑料，故選C。21.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fortheyearsthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates可知，他嘗試著將他的項目遍及整個美國，①是他做的；根據(jù)LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban(禁止)plasticstraws可知，西雅圖成為美國第一個全面禁止使用塑料吸管的城市，②錯誤；根據(jù)Accordingtoscientists,morethaneightmilliontonsofplasticendupintheoceaneachyear可知，科學家說每年有800萬噸塑料被倒入海洋中，不是他計算的，排除③；根據(jù)Hehassincespokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld可知，他對全世界許多學生說關(guān)于白色污染的問題，④正確，故選C?！军c睛】細節(jié)理解題是考試時經(jīng)?？疾榈囊粋€題型。做細節(jié)理解題時，首先要先讀題干，劃題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，再根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位至文中即可找到正確答案。（六）【2019?湖南省郴州市】Intoday’sworld,almosteveryoneknowsthatairpollutionandwaterpollutionareharmfultopeople’shealth.However,notallthepeopleknowthatnoiseisalsoakindofpollution,andthatisharmfultohumanhealth,too.Peoplewhoworkandliveundernoisyconditionsusuallybecomedeaf.Today,scientistsbelievethat10%oftheworkersinBritainarebecomingdeafbecauseofthenoisewheretheywork.Manyoftheworkerswhoprintnewspapersandwhoweavecloth（織布）becomedeaf.Plentyofpeoplelivingnearairportsalsobecomedeaf.RecentlyitwasdiscoveredthatmanyteenagersinAmericacouldhearnobetterthan65-year-oldpersons,becausetheseyoungpeopleliketolistentopopmusicandmostofpopmusicisakindofnoise.Besides,noisewhichisproducedbyjetplanesormachineswillmakepeople’slifedifficultandunpleasant.Itcanmakepeopleillorevendrivethemmad.Itissaidthatacontinuousnoiseofmorethan85decibels（分貝）cancausedeafness.Nowthegovernmentsinmanycountrieshavemadelawstocontrolnoiseandmakeitlessthan85decibels.InChina,thegovernmentistryingtosolvenotonlyairandwaterpollutionproblemsbutalsonoisepollutionproblems.22.Scientistsbelieve10%oftheworkers_____________arebecomingdeafbecauseoftheirnoisyworkplaces.A.inAmerica B.inChina C.inBritain23._____________willprobablybecomedeaf.A.WorkerswhoprintnewspapersB.PeoplewholivefarfromairportsC.Studentswholikelisteningtosoftmusic24.Accordingtothepassage,noisefromjetplanesormachinescan_____________.A.makepeoplesleepy B.drivepeoplemad C.causepeopletodie25.Theunderlinedword"continuous"means_____________inChinese.A.正常的 B.持續(xù)的 C.清晰的26.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.AirPollution B.WaterPollution C.NoisePollution【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，說明了在今天的世界上，幾乎每個人都知道空氣污染對人們身體有害，然而，并不是所有人都知道噪聲污染也對身體有害，聲音超過85分貝，可以導致耳聾，所以在每個國家制定法律減少或控制噪音使它小于85分貝。22.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Today,scientistsbelievethat10%oftheworkersinBritainarebecomingdeafbecauseofthenoisewheretheywork.可知，科學家們認為，英國有10%的工人因為工作場所嘈雜而耳聾。故選C。23.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Manyoftheworkerswhoprintnewspapersandwhoweavecloth（織布）becomedeaf.可知，印刷報紙的工人可能變聾。故選A。24.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Besides,noisewhichisproducedbyjetplanesormachineswillmakepeople’slifedifficultandunpleasant.Itcanmakepeopleillorevendrivethemmad.可知，根據(jù)通道，噴氣式飛機或機器發(fā)出的噪音會使人發(fā)瘋。故選B。25.B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文noiseofmorethan85decibels（分貝）cancausedeafness.Nowthegovernmentsinmanycountrieshavemadelawstocontrolnoiseandmakeitlessthan85decibels.可知，據(jù)說持續(xù)超過85分貝的噪音會導致耳聾。continuous的意思是＂持續(xù)＂。故選B。26.C【解析】標題判斷題。通讀整篇短文可知，這篇短文主要講述了噪音污染的危害。故選C。（七）【2019?浙江省杭州市】SmileTrainisacharity(慈善團體)thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,whosufferfromafacialdefect(缺陷).Thedefecthappenswhenababy’stoplipormouthdoesn’tformproperlybeforebirth.Eatinganddrinkingisverydifficultforthesebabies.Thecharityprovidesfreeoperations,whichgivethesechildrenanewsmile,andwithit,newhopeandanewbeginning.Childrenwiththedefectneedallthehelp.Althoughmanysufferersareacceptedbytheirfamilies,sadly,othersarenot.Insomecountries,childrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.Thegoodnewsisthattheoperationisnotdifficult.Ittakeslessthananhourandcoststhefamilynothing.Thecharityraisesmoneyandfindstherightmedicalvolunteerstoperformtheoperations.ASmileTraindoctorfromtheUKsaid,＂Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathome,thechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy.EveryyearIperformhundredsofoperationsfreeofcostthroughSmileTrain.SomeofthestoriesIhaveheardarequitesurprising.Onenewbornbabygirlwasfoundabandonedonatrain.Luckilyforher,shewasfoundandadopted(收養(yǎng))byapassenger.ThisladythenheardaboutSmileTrainandbroughtthebabytoourhospital.Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily.Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.＂27.SmileTrainisacharitywhich_____________.A.providesfoodandmedicalcareforpoorchildrenB.raisesmoneyforallthedoctorsworkingintheUKC.offersfreemedicalhelptochildrenwiththefacialdefect.D.giveschildrenwithoutparentsnewhopeandanewbeginning.28.Theunderlinedword＂abandoned＂inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto_____________.A.givenup B.dressedup C.calledup D.broughtup29.WhatdidthedoctorfromtheUKthinkofhisvolunteerwork?A.Dangerous. B.Surprising. C.Relaxing. D.Valuable.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____________.A.childrenwiththefacialdefectarebecomingmoreashamedthanbeforeB.moredoctorsaretrainedtohelpchildrenwiththefacialdefectC.fewerbabyboyswiththefacialdefectareoperatedonthangirlsD.doctorsinSmileTrainarealwayswellpaidfordoingtheoperations【文章大意】這篇短文給我們介紹了一個慈善團體——微笑列車，這個組織是幫助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的兒童的，給他們提供手術(shù)，給這些孩子新的微笑、新的希望、新的開始。27.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段第一句話和最后一句話SmileTrainisacharity(慈善團體)thathelpsthemillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,whosufferfromafacialdefect(缺陷)...Thecharityprovidesfreeoperations,whichgivethesechildrenanewsmile,andwithit,newhopeandanewbeginning.可知，微笑列車是一個慈善團體，它幫助全世界那些患有面部缺陷的兒童，為他們提供手術(shù)。由此可知應(yīng)選C。28.A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)單詞所在的句子Insomecountries,childrenwiththisdefectareoftenabandonedatbirthbecausetheirparentsfeelashamedofthemorcannotaffordtheoperations.可知，因為父母為這樣的孩子感到羞恥或者不能提供手術(shù)的費用，這些孩子經(jīng)常在出生時就被遺棄。givenup放棄；dressedup盛裝打扮；calledup打電話；broughtup撫養(yǎng)，提出。根據(jù)文章的語境分析可知應(yīng)選A。29.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中這個醫(yī)生所說的話Eachchildwhohastheoperationisgivenasecondchanceatlife.Afteryearsofstayingathome,thechildrencanfinallygotoschoolandbehappy…Ididtheoperationandgavehopetothefamily可知，他通過微笑列車做了幾百個手術(shù)，給了這些孩子第二次生命，讓這些孩子快樂的生活，給他們的家人帶來了希望。由此可知推測，他覺得自己的這份工作是非常有價值的。Dangerous危險的；Surprising令人吃驚的；Relaxing令人放松的；Valuable有價值的。故應(yīng)選D。30.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文的最后Experienceddoctorslikemeshareourskillswithlocaldoctors.Inthiswaywemakesurethattheseoperationswillalwaysbeavailable.可知，經(jīng)驗豐富的醫(yī)生與當?shù)氐尼t(yī)生分享技術(shù)，確保手術(shù)的成功，由此可知B選項＂更多的醫(yī)生被訓練去幫助有面部缺陷的孩子們＂符合文意，故選B。（八）【2019?浙江省杭州市】Amythissomethingthatisnotcorrect,butmanypeoplebelieve.Therearealotofmythsaboutthehumanbrain.Oneofthebiggestmythsisthatweonlyuse10percentofourbrains.Thenextpartofthemythisthatifwecanlearntousetherestofourbrains,thenwe’llbemuchsmarter.Peoplesaythisallthetime,butit’sabsolutelynottrue!Thetruthisthatalthoughwedon’tknoweverythingaboutthehumanbrain,weknowthateachpartofithasanimportantfunction(功能).Modernscientiststhinkthe"10percentmyth"ridiculous(荒謬的).Theothermostpopularmythisaboutbeing"rightbrained"or"leftbrained".Accordingtothismyth,peoplewhousetherightsideoftheirbrainsaremoreartisticandcreative.Peoplewhousetheleftsideoftheirbrainsarebetteratmathandscience.Thisisaspopularasthe10percentmyth,andit’salsowrong.In2013,astudyatanAmericanuniversityexaminedtherightbrainandleftbrainmyth.Accordingtothestudy,weusebothsidesofourbrainsequally(相等地)."It’struethatweusedifferentpartsofourbrainsfordifferentthings.Weuseourleftsideforlanguagemore,andourrightsidewhenweneedtopayattention.Butthereisnoevidence(證據(jù))thatcreativepeopleusetherightsidemoreorthatscientificpeopleusetheleftsidemore.We’vetalkedaboutmyths,solet’slookatafewinterestingfactsaboutthebrain.Firstofall,thebrainfeelsnopain.Second,about75percentofthebrainismadeofwater.It’salsothefattestorganinyourbody.Here’sanotherinterestingfactaboutthebrain.Aroundthetimeyouturn18yearsold,itstopsgrowing.31.Theunderlinedword"This"inParagraph3refersto______________.A.theleftbrainmyth B.therightbrainandleftbrainmythC.theuseofhumanbrains D.thestudyofanAmericanuniversity32.Accordingtothefactsmentionedinthepassage,_____________mayusetheleftbrainmore.A.Robert,whoislearningEnglish B.Kate,whoisdrawingpicturesC.Jenny,whoisdesigningclothes D.Jacob,whoisdoingresearch33.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthehumanbrain?A.Itisgrowingalllifelong. B.Therightsideisusedmorebyartists.C.Somepartsofitarenotusedatall. D.Threequartersofitismadeofwater.34.Thepassagemainlytellsabout_____________.A.thegrowingofthebrain B.differentfunctionsofthebrainC.rightbrainandleftbrain D.myths