考博英語模擬試卷238

考博英語模擬試卷238

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Myowninclination,ifIwereinyoursituation,wouldbetolookforanotherposition.

A^symptom

B、likeness

C、habit

D^tendency

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：inclinalion的意思是“傾斜，彎曲，傾斜度，傾向，愛好”。四個(gè)整項(xiàng)

中，A項(xiàng)symptom表示“癥狀,征兆”，B項(xiàng)likeness表示“相像,相似物”，C項(xiàng)

habit表示“習(xí)慣，習(xí)性”，D項(xiàng)tendency表示“趨向，傾向本題是說如果我處在你

的位置，我會(huì)尋找另外的職位。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2、Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomakeforelderlypeopleintheir

housingprogrammes.

A、preparation

requirement

C、specification

D、provision

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查固定搭配。makepreparationfor表示"為...做準(zhǔn)備”；make

provisionfor指“為……做好準(zhǔn)備，為……預(yù)先采取措施”，著重指提前做出的準(zhǔn)

備，如：tomakeprovisionforthefuture（準(zhǔn)備日后之需）。不說makerequirement/

specificationforo因此，答案為D。

3、Sheansweredwithan"No"lotherequestthatsheattendthepublichearing.

A、eloquent

B、effective

C、emotional

D、emphatic

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：einphalic表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)的，著重的，斷然的”，如：Heanswcicdihc

questionwithanemphatic“No”.（他用一個(gè)加強(qiáng)語氣的“不”字回答了這個(gè)問題。）

4、Recentlythecarfactoryhadtocarryoutpersonnelbecauseoffinancial

trouble.

A、cuts

B>demands

C^reductions

D、orders

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A項(xiàng)“裁員”；B項(xiàng)“需求”；C項(xiàng)“減小”；D項(xiàng)“訂單”。

5、Wcwerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelooked

completely.

A、irresistible

B、irremissible

C、irreplaceable

D、irretrievable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：irresistible不可抵抗的；irremissible不能避免的;irreplaceable不能替

換的；irretrievable不能挽回的。

6、Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewasintropiccountries.

A、prospective

R、prevalent

C、provocative

D、perpetual

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：8

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格意思是：一些研究證實(shí)，在熱帶國家這種眼疾很普遍。各項(xiàng)的意

思是：prospective"預(yù)期的”;prevalent"普遍的,流行"；provocative”煽動(dòng)的，挑釁

的“；perpetual“永久的,不斷的”。

7、Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethievesknowwhereto

look.

A、virtually

initially

C、invariably

D、infinitely

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格意思是：鑰匙絕不能藏在房子周圍，因?yàn)楸I竊者們總是知道在哪

找到鑰匙。各項(xiàng)的意思是：visually"事實(shí)上，實(shí)質(zhì)上”；initially"最初，開頭”；

invariably"不變地，總是"；infinitely“無限地，無窮地”。

8、Businessmen(quitegenerally)lookupon(risingprices)as(asymptom)of

(prosperities).

A、quitegenerally

risingprices

C、asymptom

D、prosperities

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、Twentypoundsenoughforsuchapoorfamilytospendforamonth.

A、were

B>being

C、havebeen

D^was

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：表示時(shí)間度量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，常常作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)

詞用單數(shù)：Tenmilesisalongdistance.10英里是很長的路程。

10、Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanis

normal,chasingothersandfightingeachother.

A、hardlyactive

B、relativelyactive

C、extremelyinactive

D、pathologicallyactive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：hyperactive極度活躍的，亢進(jìn)的；hardlyaclive幾乎不活躍的；

relativelyactive相對活躍的；extremelyinactive極度不活躍的；pathologicallyactive

病態(tài)性地活躍的。只有D與題中詞意思接近。

11、Brassconcertmusicwastoanewlevelinthe1880swhenJohnPhilipSousa

tookovertheU.S.MarineBand.

A^strengthened

B、headed

C、lifted

D^briefed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說提高到一個(gè)新的水平。sirenglhened的意思是“加強(qiáng)，

鞏固”;headed的意思是"前進(jìn)"；lifted的意思是“提高"：briefed的意思是"簡短

根據(jù)題意，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

12^Ourcountrywasfoundedontheloftyprinciplesoffreedomandjusticeforall.Our

loftyprinciplesoughttobe.

A、facedupto

B、lookedupto

C、livedupto

D^madeupto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:C項(xiàng)的“l(fā)ivedupto符合(原則、誓言等)”符合題意。如：DidtheTV

playliveuptoyourexpectations?(這部電視劇有你期望的那樣好嗎?)其他三項(xiàng)“faced

upto勇敢地對付；lookedupto尊敬；madeupto接近”都不正確。

13、WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways

A、inexplicable

B、healthy

C、sound

D、straight

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：sound可靠的，合理的；inexplicable無法說明的；healthy健康的；

straight直的。

14、TheU.S.SenateunanimouslypassedaresolutionIsrael'smilitaryattackon

Lebanon.

A、endowing

B、endeavoring

C^enacting

D^endorsing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

15、Theruleonlyappliestonationalsofthecountry,asfromforeignvisitors.

A、distinct

B、distinctive

C^distinguishable

D^distinguished

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

16^Fewpeoplerealizehowrichthatareais.Itisalandoftreasuretreasure.

A、piledon

B、derivedfrom

C、turnedover

D、increasedby

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A,

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；本題是說很少有人認(rèn)識(shí)到那個(gè)地區(qū)有多么富裕，它是一個(gè)堆積在財(cái)寶

上的寶地。A項(xiàng)“pileon堆積(pilethingsoneontopoftheother；pileup堆積，積累)”

符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)中,derive(sth)(from)v."起源于;衍生;取得，得到“；turn

sth.overtosb.移交"；turnsth.overinthemind"仔細(xì)考慮"；increasev.“增

加”(不說increaseslh.bysth.),都與題意不符。

17、Ifyoutakethismedicinetwiceadayitshouldyourcold.

A^heal

B、cure

C、treat

D、recover

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（cure治愈，curesomebodyofadisease治好某人的病，cureadisease

治好一種?。?。句意為：如果你每天服兩次藥，它就會(huì)把感冒治好。A._heal傷口愈

合，治愈，但其搭配是healsomebodyofadisease;C.treat治療，只表示治病的過

程，不強(qiáng)調(diào)治療的結(jié)果；D.recover使（身體）復(fù)原。

18、Mrs.Lackeywasawakenedbytheringingofthebedsidephone12hoursafterher

husband'sboathadbeen

A、wrecked

collapsed

C>decayed

D、fired

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；wrecked毀壞的，（船只、飛機(jī)）失事的，遇難的；collapse（建筑物等）

倒塌，崩潰；decay：腐朽。衰??；fire著火，辭退，句意：萊克夫人床邊的電話響

了，她從夢中驚醒，那是在她丈夫的船遇難12小時(shí)以后。

19、Hedidn'thavetimetoreadthereportwordforword,hejustit.

A、skimmed

B、observed

C、overlooked

D、glanced

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：skim瀏覽,略讀，符合句意；observe觀察，遵守;overlook忽略;

glance—瞥，掃視。句意：他沒有時(shí)間逐字逐句閱讀報(bào)告，他只是瀏覽了一下。

20、Mariowasawardedthemedalfordisplayingprofessionalofthehighest

orderintherescueattemptstwoweeksago.

A、solution

supervision

C^intelligence

D^competence

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

21、Becauseofitsexcellenceinquality,forthelasttwoyears,Audicarhas

Germany'sTouringCarChampionship.

A、conquered

contested

C、dominated

D、determined

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題意為“由于Audi車性能優(yōu)越，在過去的兩年中，它主導(dǎo)了德國的

汽車錦標(biāo)賽dominaie意為“主導(dǎo)，支配，占優(yōu)勢”，如：Agreatmancandominate

othersbyforceofcharacter.（偉人能以人格的力量支配他人。）conquer意為“戰(zhàn)勝，

征服，克服（困難）“，后面不能接表比賽的詞；contests意為“爭奪，競賽”，填進(jìn)去

也與句意不符。所以正確答案是C。

22>Thelocalauthoritiesseemedtofortheaccidentthattookplacelastweek.

A、share

B、take

C、criticize

D、blame

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：木題空格處是說應(yīng)對發(fā)生的事故受到譴責(zé)。betoblame的意思是“應(yīng)

受譴責(zé)、、；share的意思是“分享、、；takefor的意思是“以為criticize的意思是“批

評”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

23、Finally,let'sacriticalissueinanyhonestexplorationofourattitudes

towardsoldpeople,namelythevaluewhichoursocietyascribestothem.

A、stickto

B、turnto

C^leadto

D、taketo

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

24、Theunrulycrowdbecameevenmorewhenthenegotiatortriedtoquietthem.

A^bombastic

B、boorish

C、boisterous

D^bloated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C.boisterous狂暴的，騷嚷的，喧鬧的。A.bombastic夸大的,夸

夸其談的。B.boorish粗鄱的，鄉(xiāng)卜氣的，粗俗的。D.bloated腫脹的,傲慢的,

趾高氣揚(yáng)的。

25、Manyofthefadsofthe1970sastoday,slatestfashions.

A^arebeingrevived

B>isrevised

C^arerevoked

D^isbeingreviled

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題答案是A。A項(xiàng)的意思是：revived復(fù)活，再生。其他各選項(xiàng)的

意思是：revised修訂,改變。revoked已撤銷。reviled誹謗。主語“thefads”是復(fù)

數(shù)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選擇A。

26>Duringhertwo-weekstayinBeijing,Elizabethneverachrome（chance）to

practiceherChinese.

A、passedby

B、passedon

C、passedout

D、passedup

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題答案是D。D項(xiàng)的意思是：passedup拒絕。passupachancetodo

sth.放棄做某事的機(jī)會(huì)。其他各選項(xiàng)的意思是：passedby經(jīng)過，掠過。passedon

去世，傳遞。passedout昏倒，死。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選較D。

27、Wchavebeenhearingaccountsofyourwork.

A、favored

B、favorable

C、favorite

D、favoring

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題考查的是詞義的辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，favored意為“有利的，受惠

的''；favorable意為“贊成的，稱許的"；favorite意為“喜歡的，中意的"；favoring

意為“順利的，有幫助的”。句意是，“我們一直在聽贊揚(yáng)你工作的報(bào)道”。因此B項(xiàng)

正確。

28、Inacoal-miningarea,thelandtendstocausingdamagetoroadsand

buildings.

A、subside

B、diminish

C、confiscate

D、cede

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：subside（土地）下陷；平息；diminish（使）減

少,減弱的權(quán)勢；confiscate沒收,充公；cede讓給,割讓。句意是，在煤炭

礦區(qū)，地表下陷損壞了道路和建筑物。

29、Isitproperforthegovernmenttopublicopinionthroughself-serving,one-

sidedjournalism?

A^touch

B、hunt

C、sway

D、proceed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子大意為：政府應(yīng)該通過服務(wù)于自己的片面媒體左右公眾輿論嗎？

在給出的選項(xiàng)中：touch“觸摸”；hunt“狩獵”；sway“控制”；proceed“前進(jìn)所

以，正確答案是C。

30、In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope

Europeintoagreatwar.

A^pitched

B、imposed

C、inserted

D^plunged

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：pitch墜落，傾斜；impose征稅，強(qiáng)加，

以...欺騙；insert插入，嵌入；plunge投入，跳進(jìn)，陷入。句意是，1914年，東

歐一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的小地方將整個(gè)歐洲拖人大戰(zhàn)之中。

二、閱讀理解（本題共738題，每題7.0分，共738

分。）

Inrecentyears,Israeliconsumershavegrownmoredemandingasthey'vebecome

wealthierandmoreworldly-wise.Foreigntravelisanationalpassion;thissummeralone,

onein10citizenswillgoabroad.Exposedtohigherstandardsofserviceelsewhere,

Israelisarereturninghomeexpectingthesame.Americanfirmshavealsobegunarriving

inlargenumbers.ChainssuchasKFC,McDonald'sandPizzaHutaresettinganew

standardofcustomerservice,usingstrictemployeetrainingandconstantmonitoringto

ensurethefriendlinessoffrontlinestaff.EventheAmericanhabitoftellingdeparting

customersto"Haveaniceday"hascaughtonalloverIsrael."Nobodywakesupinthe

morningandsays,'Let'sbenicer'nsaysItsikCohen,directorofaconsultingfirm.

"Nothinghappenswithoutcompetition."Privatization,orthethreatofit,isamotivation

aswell.Monopolies（壟斷者）thatuntilrecentlyhavebeenfreetotaketheircustomers

forgrantednowfearwhatMichaelPerry,amarketingprofessor,calls"therevengeful（報(bào)

復(fù)的）consumer".WhenthegovernmentopenedupcompetitionwithBezaq,thephone

company,itsinternationalbranchlost40%ofitsmarketshare,evenwhileoffering

competitiverates.SaysPerry,"Peoplewantedrevengeforalitheyearsofbadservice.'*

Theelectriccompany,whosemonopolymaybeshort-lived,hassuddenlystopped

requiringuserstowaithaftadayforarepairman.Now,appointmentsarescheduledto

thehalf-hour.ThegracelessEIAIAirlines,whichisalreadyatauction（拍賣），has

retraineditsemployeestoemphasizeserviceandisboastingabouttheresultsinanad

campaignwiththeslogan,"Youcanfeelthechangeintheair."Forthefirsttime,praise

outnumberscomplaintsoncustomersurveysheets.

31、Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由短文主題及第一段要點(diǎn)，尤其是第一段第3句，不難推知答案為

Ao

32、Intheauthor'sview,higherservicestandardsareimpossibleinIsrael.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由短文主題及第一段最后一句及第二段內(nèi)容，可推知高水準(zhǔn)的服務(wù)水

平需要“競爭”。

33、ifsomeoneinIsraeltodayneedsarepairmanincaseofapowerfailure.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：木題涉及對短文第二段第五句的理解，應(yīng)用于實(shí)際，即答案

34、TheexampleofEIALAirlinesshowsthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題涉及短文第二段最后關(guān)于EIAI航空公司的事例，本例說明的是

員工再培訓(xùn)對公司競爭力提高的重要性。

35、WhydidBczaq'sinternationalbranchlose40%ofitsmarketshare?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干，本題答題出處應(yīng)在第二段第二至第四句，這一層次涉及的

要點(diǎn)是“therevengefulconsumer”。

WhenFrankDaletookoveraspublisherofLosAngelesHcrrald-Examincr,the

organizationhadjustendedaten-yearstrike.Therewasmuchbitternessand,ashetold

ushimselftoeverybody,tothankthemfortheirloyaltytothatpoint,andtoallowthemto

expresstheirconcernsandfrustrations.ToquestionslikeMWhatmakesyouthinkyoucan

makethisthinggo?"heresponded,"!don'tknowyet,butinthirtydaysI'llcomebackto

youandletyouknowwhatI'vefound."Herecruitedataskforceofthebestpeoplefrom

throughouttheHearstCorporationtodoacrashstudy.andinthirtydayshehadawritten

reportonwhatneededtobedone,whichhesharedwiththestaff.Hehadtakentheall-

importantfirststepstoestablishmutualtrust,withoutv/hichleadershipwouldnothave

beenpossible.Trustistheemotionalgluethatbindsfollowersandleaderstogether.The

accumulationoftrustisameasureofthelegitimacyofleadership.Itcannotbedemanded

orpurchased;itmustbeearned.Trustisthebasicingredientofallorganizations,the

lubricationthatmaintainstheorganization,anditisasmysteriousanddifficultaconcept

asIcadership-andasimportant.Onethingwecansayforsureabouttrustisthatiftrustis

tobegenerated,theremustbepredictability,thecapacitytopredictanother'sbehavior.

Anotherwayofputtingitistosaythatorganizationswithouttrustwouldresemblethe

ambiguousnightmareofKafka'sTheCastle,wherenothingcanbecertainandnobodycan

bereliedonorbeheldresponsible.Theabilitytopredictoutcomeswithshigh

probabilityofsuccessgeneratesandmaintainingtrust.

36、WhatwasFrankDate'sproblemwhenhebecamethepublisherofLosAngeles

Herrald-Examiner?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第一段的“bitterness”一詞可知，當(dāng)時(shí)并不是很順利。

37、WhatwastheresultofFrankDale'sfirststeps?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：liTHchadtakentheall-importantfirststepstoestablishmutualtrust,

withoutwhichleadershipwouldnothavebeenpossible”可以得出答案。

38、Accordingtotheauthor,howcouldtrustbeestablished?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第二段第三行的意思可知信任是建立在努力和行動(dòng)基礎(chǔ)之上的。

39、Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttrust?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段首句“trustistheemotionalgluethatbindsfollowersandleaders

together”可知，信任是連接員工與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的橋粱，可以維系公司機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)作，故選

Bo

40、ForwhatpurposeisKafka'sTheCastlementioned?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從最后一段最后幾句可知，本文提到kafka'sthecastle是為了更好的

說明信任的重要性，故選C。

KevinRogersusedtobemyboss.Atthattimehewasahardworking,up-and-coming

businessmanandarealslave-driver,alwaystellinguswehadtosellmoreandmore.As

soonasIcould,Igotajobwithanothercompany.ThelasttimeIsawRogerswasmore

thantenyearsago.Atleastthat'swhatIthoughtuntillastThursday.ButnowI'mnotso

sure.Iwasonmywaybacktomyofficeinthecenteroftown.Thereisasmallpark

nearbywhichIsometimeswalkthroughafterlunch.Itwasalmostempty,exceptforan

unshaven,shabby-lookingmanononeofthebenches.Helookedaboutfiftyyearsold

andwaswearinganold,greyovercoat.Itwasacold,wintryday,andhewasshivering.

"It'sbeenalongtimesinceIhadameal.Canyouhelpme?"hesaid.Therewas

somethingabouthisvoicethatsoundedfamiliar.Igavehimafewcoinsandhemumbled

somethingaboutbeinggrateful.Ashestumbledpastme,Ilookedathisfaceclosely.I

wonderedwhereIhadseenhimbefore.Thenithitme.Coulditpossiblybe'"?No!

Impossible,IthoughtIwatchedhimwalkingaway.HewasthesameheightasRogers

butlookedalotthinnerthanIremembered.Then,ashelefttheparkandturneddownthe

street,Icaughtsightofhisfaceagain,thistimeinprofile.Thennosewasthesameas

Rogers,too.Ialmostfollowedhimbutsomethingmademestop.Ijustcouldn'tbesure.

Buttheresemblancewasveryclose.YesterdayIrunintosomeonewhohadworkedfor

RogersatthesametimeIdid,andhadstayednolonger.Istartedtellinghimaboutthe

manIhadseeninthepark.ForamomentIthoughtitwasouroldboss.Thevoice,the

nose,andeventhefacewerejustlikeRogers.Butitcouldn'thavebeen."Rogersmustbe

thedirectorofabigcompanybynow,"Isaid.Myex-colleagueshookhishead,"I

thoughtyouknew.""Knew?Knewwhat?Whatareyoutalkingabout?'*"Rogerswassent

toprisonsixyearsago.He'ssleepingonparkbenchesandbeggingmoneyfrompassers-

by',

41、ItseemsthatwhenRogerswasthewriter'sboss,thewriter.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

42、Whenthisstorybegins,thewriter.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

43、Whenthemanintheparksawthewriter,theman.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

44、Thewriterthoughtthemanmightbe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

45Whenthewritertoldanex-colleagueaboutthemaninthepark,theex-colleague

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stock

options,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesin

thehighestincomebosseswentdown.Millionairesarenowcommon-place.Amiabilityis

notaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficers

withlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss'jobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhis

subordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhard

times;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedon

intimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustrysohegoeshomenightlywithafull

briefcase.Attheverytop-andonthewayup-executivesareexceedinglydedicated.The

Americanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthe,social

partofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.

Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittle

timeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,

despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombines

withsomeusefulsocializing.Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobic

exerciseto"keeptheoldheartinshape"andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutlerand

alcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesouiof

therunning.Buthisdoctor'sadmonitionto"takeiteasy"fallsondeafears.Helikesto

work.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.Corporatehead-hunting,

carriedonby"executivesearchfirms",isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithin

individualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesarcsoindemandthat

companiesregularlymideachother'smanagerialranks.

46、Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第2段第3句巾說，執(zhí)行官應(yīng)當(dāng)十分熟悉自己的公司以及所處的

行業(yè)，所以常常每晚帶上滿滿一公文包的資料回家。因此正確答案是D。

47、Theterm"aerobicexercise"isakindof.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：aerobicexercise有氧健身法，是一種physicalexercise（體育鍛煉），故

選B。

48、Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章第5段第1句"Corporatehead-hunting...executivesearch

firms...isagrowingindusiry.“可知，C選項(xiàng)executivesearchfirm的工作是公司獵

頭。

49、Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第3段最后一句"Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthat

combineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”中得知選項(xiàng)D正確：打高爾夫既是一種鍛

煉，同時(shí)也提供社交機(jī)會(huì)。

50WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第1段第1句可知，C”所有的首席執(zhí)行官都可以每年賺數(shù)百萬

美元''這一說法太絕對，只是說通常可賺這么多，所以不正確，是該題答案。文章

第4段倒數(shù)第3句，文章第4段最后一句和文章第4段第1句可知A、B、D說

法。正確。

Anthropologists,psychologistsandothershavebegunseekingtherootsofambitionin

family,culture,gender,genesandmore.Theyhavebynomeansthrownthecurtainall

thewayback,buttheyhavebeguntopartit.Ifhumansareanambitiousspecies,it'sclear

we'renottheonlyone.Manyanimalsarcknowntosignaltheirambitioustendencies

almostfrombirth.Evenbeforewolfpupsareweaned,theybeginsortingthemselvesout

intoalphasandalltheothers.Thealphasarequicker,morecurious,greedierforspace,

milk,Mom—andtheystaythatwayforlife.Alphawolveswanderwidely,breedannually

andmaylivetoageriatric10or11yearsold.Lower-rankingwolvesenjoynoneofthese

benefits-stayingclosetohome,breedingrarelyandusuallydyingbeforethey'refour.

Humansoftenreportthesamekindoftemperamentaldeterminism.Familiesarefullof

storiesoftheinexhaustibleinfantwhogrewuptobeanentrepreneur,thephlegmatic

childwhoneverreallyshowedmuchgo.Butifit'sgenesthatruntheshow,whatexplains

identicaltwins-precisegenetictemplatesofeachotherwhooughttobetemperamentally

identicalbutoftenexhibitprofounddifferencesintheoctaneoftheirambition?Ongoing

studiesofidenticaltwinshavemeasuredachievementmotivation-lablanguagefor

ambition--inidenticalsiblingsseparatedatbirth,andfoundthateachtwin'sprofile

overlaps30%to50%oftheother's.Ingeneticterms,that'sanawfullot—1'abenchmark

forheritability",saysgeneticistDeanHaineroftheU.S.NationalCancerInstitute.But

thatstillleavesagreatdealthatcanbedeterminedbyexperiencesininfancy,subsequent

upbringingandcountlessotherimponderables.Someofthosevariablesmaybefoundby

studyingthefunctionofthebrain.AtWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,Missouri,

researchershavebeenconductingbrainimagingtoinvestigateatraittheycall

persistence-theabilitytostayfocusedonataskuntilit'scompletedjustso—whichthey

consideroneofthecriticalenginesdrivingambition.Theresearchersrecruitedasample

groupofstudentsandgaveeachaquestionnairedesignedtomeasurepersistencelevel.

Thentheypresentedthestudentswithatask-identifyingsetsofpicturesaseither

pleasantorunpleasantandtakeneitherindoorsoroutdoors-whileconductingmagnetic

resonanceimagingoftheirbrains.Thenatureofthetaskwasunimportant,buthow

stronglythesubjectsfeltaboutperformingitwell-andwhereinthebrainthatfeelingwas

processed-couldsayalot.Ingeneral,theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhoscored

highestinpersistencehadthegreatestactivityinthelimbicregion,theareaofthebrain

relatedtoemotionsandhabits."Thecorrelationwas.8[or80%],"saysprofessorof

psychiatryRobertCloningcr,oneoftheinvestigators."That'sasgoodasyoucanget,"It's

impossibletosaywhetherinnatedifferencesinthebrainweredrivingtheambitious

behaviororwhetherlearnedbehaviorwascausingthelimbictolightup.Butanumberof

researchersbelieveifspossibleforthenonambitioustojump-starttheirdrive,provided

therightjoltcomesalong."Energylevelmaybegenetic/'sayspsychologistSimonton,

"butalotoftimesit'sjustfindingtherightthingtobeambitiousabout."Simontonand

othersoftencitethecaseofFranklinD.Roosevelt,whomightnothavebeenthesame

Presidenthebecame-orevenbecomepresidentatall-hadhisdisablingpolionottaught

himvaluablelessonsaboutpatienceandtenacity.

51、Theauthorindicatesintheopeningparagraphthatintheirsearchfortherootsof

ambition,scientists.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

52、Thetopicofthesecondparagraphis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

53、Welearnfromthepassagethatnoidenticalprofileswerefoundwithidenticaltwins

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

54、Whichexpressioncanbeusedtoreferto"ambition"?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

55>Thelinkbetweenambitionandpersistenceisliketheonebetween.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

56^Byusingtheword"imponderables"inParagraph4,theauthorsuggeststhat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

57、Inthecitedexperiment,thesubjectswerefirstrequiredto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

58、Theresearchersfoundthattheremightbeahighcorrelationbetween.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

59、Intermsoftherootsofambition,theconcludingparagraphputsmuchemphasison

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Effortstoeducatepeopleabouttherisksofsubstanceabuseseemtodetersomepeople

fromusingdangeroussubstances,ifsucheffortsarerealisticaboutwhatisgenuinely

dangerousandwhatisnot.ObserveddeclinesintheuseofsuchdrugsasLSD,PCP,and

Quaaludessincetheearly1970sareprobablyrelatedtoincreasedawarenessoftherisks

oftheiruse,andsomeof:hisawarenesswastheresultofwarningsaboutthesedrugsin

"underground"papersreadbydrugusers.Suchsourcesareinfluential,becausetheydo

notgiveasimple"alldrugsareterribleforyou"message.Drugusersknowtherearebig

variationsindangeramongdrugsandantidrugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisis

likelytoberidiculed.Thisisillustratedbythepopularityamongyoungmarijuanausers

ofReeferMadness,awidelyunrealisticpropaganda,filmagainstmarijuanamadeinthe

1930s.Thisfilmmadetheroundsofcollegecampusesinthe1970sandjoinedrock-

musicvideosoncabletelevision'sMTVinthe1980s.Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,

itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwheregothightowatchit.Although

persuasioncanworkfirsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseem

immuneiorhemostreasonededucationalefforts.Millionshavestartedsmokingeven

throughtheconsiderablehealthrisksofsmokinghavebeenwellknownandpublicized

foryears.Moreover,theusefulnessofeducationliesinprimaryprevention:preventionof

abuseamongthosewhopresentlyhavenoproblem.Hence,Bomier'scontentionthat"if

thePepsigenerationscanbepersuadedtodrinkpopwine,theycanbepersuadednotto

drinkitwhiledriving"isprobablynotcorrect,sincemostdrunkendrivingisdoneby

peoplewhoalreadyhavesignificantdrinkingproblems,andhenceseemnottobe

dissuadedevenbymuchstrongermeasuressuchaslossofadriver'slicense.

60、Accordingtothepassage,uptonow,antidrugeducation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

61、Thefilm"ReeferMadness"mentionedinthepassage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

62、Themessage"alldrugsareterribleforyou"isnotinfluentialbecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

63、Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Therearefourbasictypesofcompetitioninbusinessthatformacontinuumfrompure

competitionthroughmonopolisticcompetitionandoligopolytomonopoly.Atoneendof

thecontinuum,purecompetitionresultswheneverycompanyhasasimilarproduct.

Companiesthatdealincommoditiessuchaswheatorcornareofteninvolvedinpure

competition.Inpurecompetition,itisoftentheeaseandefficiencyofdistributionthat

influencespurchase.Incontrast,inmonopolisticcompetition,severalcompaniesmay

competeforthesaleofitemsthatmaybesubstituted.Theclassicexampleof

monopolisticcompetitioniscoffeeandtea.Ifthepriceofoneisperceivedastoohigh,

consumersmaybegintopurchasetheother.Couponsandotherdiscountsareoftenused

aspartofamarketingstrategytoinfluencesales.Oligopolyoccurswhenafew

companiesdominatethesalesofaproductorservice.Forexample,onlyfiveairline

carrierscontrolmorethan70percentofallticketsalesintheUnitedStates.Inoligopoly,

seriouscompetitionisnotconsidereddesirablebecauseitwouldresultinreduced

revenueforeverycompanyinthegroup.Althoughpricewarsdooccur,inwhichall

companiesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomersasomewhatsimilartendencytoraise

pricessimultaneouslyisalsousual.Finally,monopolyoccurswhenonlyonefirmseis

theproduct.Somemonopolieshavebeentoleratedforproducersofgoodsandservices

thathavebeenconsideredbasicoressential,includingelectricityandwater.Inthese

eases,itisgovernmentcontrol,ratherthancompetition,thatprotectsandinfluencessales.

64、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章介紹的就是商.業(yè)競爭的四種基本形式。

65、Anexampleofproductinmonopolisticcompetitionis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章第二段容易得到答案。

66、Theword"tolerated"inparagraph4couldbestbereplacedby.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第四段中"⑹eratccT的意思是“允許”，所以答案為A。

67、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement"Althoughpricewarsdooccur,in

whichallcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendency

toraisepricessi