人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè) Unit10 知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!1.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutwhentohaveaclassparty.whentohaveaclassparty是“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)從句)Eg:Wheretogoisaproblem.(主語(yǔ))Theimportantproblemishowtotellhimthetruth.(表語(yǔ))Theyhavedecidedwheretogo.=Theyhavedecidedwheretheywillgo.2....halftheclasswon’tcome.halftheclass相當(dāng)于halfoftheclass一半學(xué)生當(dāng)halfof...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面接的詞的形式保持一致Eg:Halfofstudentsaretalkingloudlyintheclass.Halfofwaterisinthebottle.注意:(1)halfof后跟名詞，如果名詞前有the、this、my等詞進(jìn)行修飾，此時(shí)of可以省略。Eg:HalfthepeoplearefromChina.Halfthisappleiseatenbymybrother.halfof后接代詞時(shí)，of不能省略Eg:Halfofthemenjoyedthepartylastnight.Half(n)半；一半(halves)表示:幾個(gè)半數(shù)字+名詞+and+ahalf數(shù)字+and+ahalfEg:onehourandahalfoneandahalfhourstwodaysandahalftwoandahalfdays 3.Canyougivemesomeadviceplease?advice(不可數(shù)名詞)勸告；建議(可以用some、apieceof/pieces等來(lái)修飾)advice(相當(dāng)于suggestion可數(shù)名詞)Eg:Lucycameupwithapieceofadvice.advice的用法如下:asksb.foradvice向某人征求建議givesb.adviceonsth.就某事向某人提建議takesb’sadvice聽(tīng)取某人的建議getadvicefrom從...處獲得建議Eg:Youcanaskyourmomforadvice.HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.Takemyadvice.Don’tdolikethat.Youcangetadvicefromyourteachers.advise(v)勸告；建議常見(jiàn)用法:advisesb.(not)todosth.建議某人(不)做某事advisedoingsth.建議做某事advisethat+從句建議...(從句應(yīng)用should+動(dòng)原形式,should可省略)Eg:Mymomadvisesmenottostayathomeallthetime.Sheadvisesgivingherpocketmoneytothepoorpeople.Theteacheradvisesthatshe(should)studyhardtopasstheexams.4.Ifpeoplehaveproblems,theyshouldtrytokeepthemtothemselves.keep(v)保留；保存常用短語(yǔ):keep...tooneself保守秘密(keepasecret/keepsth.quiet)Eg:Ihopeyoucankeepthesecrettoyourself.keeponeselftooneself不與人來(lái)往；不交際Eg:Heisashyboy,sohealwayskeepshimeselftohimeself.keep的常見(jiàn)用法:keepsth.保存某物；保管某物(常與howlong或與一段時(shí)間連用)Eg:HowlongcanIkeepyourbook?(你的書我能借多久？)keepdoingsth.一直做某事；堅(jiān)持做某事Eg:Don’tkeepaskingfoolishquestions.keep+adj保持(某種狀態(tài))(keep為系動(dòng)詞，后接adj作表語(yǔ))Eg:Pleasekeepquiet.keepsb./sth.+adj使某人或某物保持某種狀態(tài)Eg:Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.keepsb./sth.away(from)使某人/某物遠(yuǎn)離(...)Eg:Keepthedogawayfromtheroom.5.Sometimestheyhaveproblemswiththeirschoolwork...在(做)...方面有問(wèn)題havesomeproblemswith...havesomeproblems(in)doingsth.havesometroublewith...havesometrouble(in)doingsth.havesomedifficultywith...havesomedifficulty(in)doingsth.6.Unlesswetalktosomeone,we’llcertainlyfeelworse.unless(conj)除非;如果不(相當(dāng)于if...not...)常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句(主將從現(xiàn))Eg:Ishallgotothelibraryunlessitrains.Ishallgotothelibraryifitdoesn’train.unless引導(dǎo)條件句，主要用于下列情況主句為肯定句Eg:Youwillmissthebusunlessyouhurryup.主句為否定句Eg:Unlessyouworkhard,youwon’tpasstheexam.7.Hethinksthefirststepistofindsomeoneyoutrusttotalkto.trust:(vt)相信；信任(后接n/pron/todo/that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)Eg:Noonetrustshimexcepthimself.Wetrustthatyouwillkeepittoyourself.Itrustmychildrentodoitbythemselves.trust:(vi)信任(常接介詞intrustin信任)Eg:Youshouldtrustinyourownjudgement.辨析:trust與believetrust:強(qiáng)調(diào)“信任、信賴”(相當(dāng)于believeinsb.)believe:相信某人(說(shuō)的話是真的)Eg:Ibelievehim,butIdon’talwaystrusthim.8.Whoelsecanyougetadvicefrom?else(adv)別的；其他的(一般用在疑問(wèn)代詞who、what等)或不定代詞(something、nothing、somebody、anyone等)之后Eg:Whoelsedoyouwanttogowith?Whatelsewouldyouliketoeat?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?辨析:else與otherelse(adv)其他的；別的(一般用在不定代詞或疑問(wèn)代詞之后)Eg:Whatelsedoyouwant?other:(adj)其他的(用來(lái)修飾名詞)Eg:Whatotherthingsdoyouwant?If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.定義:由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ)的句子叫狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思可分為多種，if引導(dǎo)的句子在復(fù)合句中表示條件，作主句的條件狀語(yǔ)，因此稱為：條件狀語(yǔ)從句Eg:Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.2.結(jié)構(gòu)：If+陳述句，主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+if+陳述句Eg:Ifyouaskhim,hewilltellyouthetruth.Hewilltellyouthetruthifyouaskhim.3.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)的一致性在復(fù)合句中，從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)在一定程度上受到主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的制約，這在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中稱為時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)在含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)表將來(lái)Eg:Ifitrains,Iwillstayathome.如果主句含有must、may、can等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Eg:Ifyoudrivetoofast,youmayhaveanaccident.Youmuststopifthetrafficlightturnsred.如果主句是祈使句，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Eg:Don’tgoandplaybasketballifyoudon’tfinishyourhomework.if條件句與其他句式的轉(zhuǎn)化不定式短語(yǔ)與條件狀語(yǔ)從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Itwillbeagreatmistakeforustowaitanotherweek.轉(zhuǎn)換成:Itwillbeagreatmistakeifwewaitanotherweek.“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句式中的祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句.如果是用or連接，那么if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用否定形式；如果用and連接，則用肯定形式Eg:Hurryup,orwe’llmissourtrain.Ifwedon’thurryup,we’llmissourtrain.Workhard,andyou’llcatchupwithyourclassmates.Ifyouworkhard,you’llcatchupwithyourclassmates.5.if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句與if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示：假如、如果(條件狀語(yǔ)從句可位于句首/句末)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示:是否、是不是(意義同：whether,位于及物動(dòng)詞之后)Eg:Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiki