Unit1ScienceandScientistsDiscoverUsefulStructures名詞性從句講義-2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語人教版選擇性

名詞性從句名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的從句，其功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，可以擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。一、定義與功能?定義?：在句子中起到名詞作用的從句。?功能?：相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語。二、分類?主語從句?：在復(fù)合句中作主語。示例：Whowillgoisnotimportant.?賓語從句?：在復(fù)合句中作賓語。示例：Ihope(that)everythingisallright.?表語從句?：在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。示例：Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.?同位語從句?：在句中作某一名詞的同位語，解釋說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。示例：Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.三、連接詞?連詞??that?：無詞義，引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略（引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)不可省略）。?whether,if?：表示“是否”，表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性，可互換但在某些情況下只能用whether。?asif,asthough?：表示“好像”，“似乎”。?連接代詞?who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,whosever,what,whatever,which,whichever：有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分。?連接副詞?when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however：有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。四、時(shí)態(tài)問題當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去式時(shí)，賓語從句（若不是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或真理）的謂語動(dòng)詞也必須用某種過去時(shí)態(tài)。例：Shesaidthatshedidn'twanttoknow.五、語序問題名詞性從句的詞序與陳述句語序相同。六、特殊用法?whether與if的區(qū)別：?whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首。whether引導(dǎo)表語從句。whether從句作介詞賓語。whether與ornot連用只能用whether。思維導(dǎo)圖解題技巧step1：分析句子，然后看所填之詞是否在句子中是否做成分，step2：如果不做成分，那么要根據(jù)語境分析其在句子中是什么含義：that（無含義，不做成分）；whether(是否，不做成分）；step3：如果做成分，那做什么成分？定狀語？主賓表？（1）定狀語：where（在哪里，地點(diǎn)狀語），when（何時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語）why（為何，原因狀語）,how（如何，方式狀語）,whose（誰的，定語）,which（哪一個(gè)，定語）（2）主賓表：what（代指事物），who（代指人，主、賓格）,whom（指人，賓格）注：what在名詞性從句中常翻譯成“...東西”“...的話”“...的是”。配套練習(xí)題_______（What/That）hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryone.Thequestionis_______（whether/if）wecanfinishthetaskontime.Itisobvious_______（that/what）heisnottellingthetruth.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwas_______（because/that）hewassick._______（Whoever/Whom）esfirstwillgettheprize.Ihavenoidea_______（where/when）hewentyesterday.Thefact_______（that/which）hehasfailedtheexamisdisappointing.Heaskedme_______（whether/if）Icouldhelphimwithhishomework.Thenews_______（that/what）hewillebacksoonmadeushappy._______（Whatever/Whateverthat）youdo,doitwell.Itisapity_______（that/which）youmissedtheconcert.Theproblemis_______（how/why）wecansolvethisissue.Idon’tknow_______（who/whom）totrustinthissituation.Thesuggestion_______（that/which）weshouldgooutforawalkwasaccepted._______（Wherever/Where）yougo,Iwillbewithyou.Thetruthis_______（that/what）hedidn’tmeantohurtyou.Heexpressedhisdoubt_______（whether/if）theplanwouldwork.Theidea_______（that/which）weshouldhaveapartysoundsgreat.Iamnotsure_______（when/where）thetrainwillarrive.Therumor_______（that/which）heisleavingthepanyisnottrue.Itdoesn’tmatter_______（who/whom）winsthegame.Thedecision_______（that/which）wemadeyesterdaywascrucial.Hewonders_______（how/why）shemanagedtosolvetheproblemsoquickly.Thefact_______（that/whether）hehasnoexperienceinthisfieldworriesme.Thequestionof_______（what/who）todonextwasdiscussedatthemeeting.Itisessential_______（that/which）wekeepourpromises.Thereportshows_______（that/what）thepanyismakingprogress.Hehasnoclue_______（where/when）helosthiskeys.Thebelief_______（that/which）everythinghappensforareasongivesherstrength.Theideaof_______（where/how）tospendthevacationexci