新課標(biāo)2024高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題練習(xí)16閱讀理解3

PAGEPAGE1專題練習(xí)十六閱讀理解3A(2024·唐山市高三其次次模擬)Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSztakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that“removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough.”Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.Hecomparedittothe“milkmanmodel”ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat“GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability.”ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternUSstates,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheUSWestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2024.本文是一篇環(huán)境愛護(hù)類短文閱讀。文章主要介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的“零奢侈”購物模式。1．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A．Providebackgroundinformation.B．Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.C．Explainthereasonfortrash.D．Introduceanewtopic.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年產(chǎn)生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，結(jié)合下文可知，作者寫本段目的是為下文提出新的購物模式供應(yīng)背景信息。故選A。2．Wheredoestheidea“Loop”comefrom?A．TheWorldEconomicForum.B．Demandofsomecompanies.C．Zero-wastemodel.D．Themilkmanmodel.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段“Hecomparedittothe‘milkmanmodel’ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.”可知，Loop購物模式的想法來自于過去“送奶工模式”，是一種零奢侈的模式。故選C。3．WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2024?A．UnitedStatesandSwitzerland.B．SwitzerlandandBritain.C．CanadaandIndia.D．FranceandCanada.答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternUSstates,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheUSWestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2024.”可知，Loop安排在2024年前將業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)大到加拿大和法國。故選D。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anewshoppingmodel.B．Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.C．Theworld'senvironmentalissue.D．Theconcernsoffutureshopping.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的“零奢侈”購物模式。故選A。B(2024·山西省平遙中學(xué)屆高三調(diào)研)Nospacecraftwilleverlandonthesun.ThesunisaflamingballofgasthatreachesthousandsofdegreesFahrenheit.Butnextyear,ashipfromEarthwillflyclosertoitthananymanmadecrafthasflownbefore.Themission(任務(wù))isabigdevelopmentforscientistsand,maybe,foreveryoneelse.InSeptember2024,NASAplanstolaunchtheParkerSolarProbe.Afterajourneyofnearly90millionmiles,itwillflywithin3.8millionmilesofthesun.Withintwomonthsoflaunching,theprobeisexpectedtoreachthesun'scorona(日冕).That'sthesun'souteratmosphereofgases.Gettingtherewon'tbeeasy.Designingaspacecrafttoughenoughtoholduptothesun'sheathasproveddifficult.Butthathasn'tstoppedengineersfromtrying.Temperaturesinthecoronacanreachmillionsofdegrees.Theprobewilllimititselftoregionswherethingsgetnohotterthan2,500.That'sstillaheavyheatloadforaspacecraft.Buta4.5-inch-thickheatshield(罩)willprotecttheprobe'scameraandscientificinstruments.NASAsaysthedatatheprobecollectscouldprovideknowledgeintothephysicsofstars.Oursunisspecialtous.Butasastar,it'srathercommon.Sothebetterweunderstandhowitworks,thebetterweunderstandallstarsofitsmassandcolor.Perhapsthemostimportantiswhattheprobemayshowusaboutsolarstorms.Duringsolarstorms,chargedparticlesstreamthroughthesolarsystem.Theycandisablecommunicationssatellitesandshutdownpowdersystems.Onestudyhasfoundthataveryintensesolarstormcouldcauseupto$2trillionindamageintheUSalone.ItcouldalsoblackouttheEastCoastforayear.Understandingsolarstormsmightallowustopredictthemandprotectourselves.Thatcouldmakeevenamissionwithabillion-pluspricetagoneofNASA'sgreatbargains.本文是一篇科普文。文章主要介紹了美國國家航空航天局安排放射一個(gè)更能接近太陽的人造飛行器。1．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprobe?A．It'llflyclosertothesunthanthepreviousones.B．It'sthefirstmanmadeinstrumenttoflytothesun.C．It'llgettothecoreofthesuninnearlytwomonths.D．It'llflyabout3.8millionmilestoreachthecorona.答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Butnextyear,ashipfromEarthwillflyclosertoitthananymanmadecrafthasflownbefore.”可知，此飛行器比目前任何人造飛行器更能飛行接近太陽。故選A。2．Whatisthechallengefortheengineers?A．Directingtheprobetocollectdata.B．Reducingthetemperatureoftheprobe.C．Buildingashieldagainsttheheat.D．Limitingtheprobetoproperregions.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Designingaspacecrafttoughenoughtoholduptothesun'sheathasproveddifficult.”可知，如何建立一個(gè)隔熱板對(duì)工程師來說是一件具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。故選C。3．Whatmightbethebesttitle?A．Exploringthestars B．GettingclosetothesunC．Designingaspaceship D．Protectingtheearth答案：B解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章主要介紹了美國國家航空航天局安排放射一個(gè)更能接近太陽的人造飛行器，可以歸納出文章的題目Gettingclosetothesun最佳。故選B。4．Wheredoesthevalueofthemissionlie?A．Monitoringsatellites.B．Exploringsolarenergy.C．Developingscientificinstruments.D．Forecastingsolarstorms.答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段“Perhapsthemostimportantiswhattheprobemayshowusaboutsolarstorms.”可知，此任務(wù)的價(jià)值在于能夠預(yù)料太陽風(fēng)暴。故選D。C(2024·河北省六校協(xié)作體高三期中)In2024,threevirusesmadenews,andtheypresentdifficultproblemsforhealthofficialsintheNewYear.Onevirusthreatensbabiesinmanypartsoftheworld.AnotherhasreappearedinanAfricannation.Andathirdisoneofthedeadliestvirusesofmoderntimes.ThethreevirusesareZika,polioandHIV.However,in2024scientistsandresearchersfromallovertheworldworkedtomakeprogressagainstthosevirusesandtodevelopbetterwaystocontrolthem.ThespreadoftheZikaviruscausedpublichealthofficialsinmanynationstoputinplacestrongmeasurestocontrolitsspread.Brazil,whichhostedthe2024SummerOlympicGames,washithardbythevirus.Healthofficialswarnedpregnantwomenagainsttravelingtothesportingevent.Zikaisusuallyamildillness.Itissomildthatmostpeoplewhoareinfecteddonotknowtheyhaveit.However,inthepasttwoyearsintheWesternHemisphere,Zikahasbeenlinkedtobabiesbeingbornwithextremelysmallheads.Thisconditioniscalledmicrocephaly.TheinternationalmedicalcommunityfoundthatthislinktobirthdefectsmakesZikaaverydangerousvirus.ZikafirstappearedinUgandamorethan60yearsago.Itisspreadbymosquitosandbysex.ThevirusrecentlyappearedinBrazil.ThencasesappearedinothercountriestotheNorth.CaseswerereportedintheUnitedStatesinthesouthernstateofFlorida.HealthofficialsinTexasarealsoconcernedthevirusmightbespreadingthere.Doctorscanonlyadvisewomentobecareful.Theyadvisewomennottotraveltoareaswherethevirusisspreading,toavoidmosquitobitesortodelaypregnancy.CurrentlythereisnovaccineagainstZika.However,onecouldbeavailableby2024.這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了寨卡病毒的嚴(yán)峻危害以及醫(yī)生建議女性不要到有寨卡病毒的地方旅行，避開蚊蟲叮咬，或者建議女性推遲孕期。雖然目前還未有寨卡病毒疫苗，但有望在2024年研制勝利。1．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ThevirusofZikaB．ThreevirusesmadethenewsC．ThecauseofZikaD．Thecausesofthethreeviruses答案：A解析：主旨大意題。文章主要講了寨卡病毒的嚴(yán)峻危害以及醫(yī)生建議女性不要到有寨卡病毒的地方旅行，避開蚊蟲叮咬，或者建議女性推遲孕期。雖然目前還未有寨卡病毒疫苗，但有望在2024年研制勝利。故選A。2．IfapregnantwomanisinfectedwithZika,theresultwillprobablybe________.A．thatsheisdyingsoonB．thatshewillgivebirthtoadeadbabyC．thatshewillbeseriouslyillD．thatshewillhaveababywithaverysmallhead答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段“However,inthepasttwoyearsintheWesternHemisphere,Zikahasbeenlinkedtobabiesbeingbornwithextremelysmallheads.”可知，懷孕的婦女感染寨卡病毒生出的嬰兒，頭會(huì)特殊小。故選D。3．Allofthefollowingarerightexcept________.A．HIVisoneofthemostdeadliestvirusesofmoderntimesB．ManycountrieshavetakenmeasurestocontrolthespreadofZikaC．Pregnantwomenwereforbiddentotraveltothe2024SummerOlympicGamesD．PeoplearenoteasytofeelinfectedwithZikaintheverybeginning答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第三段“Healthofficialswarnedpregnantwomenagainsttravelingtothesportingevent.”可知，衛(wèi)生官員提示懷孕女性不要去2024夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的主辦地，并不是禁止。故選C。4．Whatwillbepossiblytalkedaboutafterthepassage?A．Somethingabouttheviruspolio.B．SomethingaboutthevirusHIV.C．SomethingaboutBrazil.D．SomethingaboutUganda.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。答案定位在第一段“ThethreevirusesareZika,polioandHIV.”可知，文章介紹了三種病毒，分別是：寨卡病毒、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒和人類免疫缺陷病毒，所以接下來會(huì)談?wù)摷顾杌屹|(zhì)炎病毒。故選A。D(2024·遼寧大連24中高三模擬)Whenwegoouttraveling,weneedeitheramaporGPStopointusintherightdirection.Butbumblebees(大黃蜂)haveneitherofthesethings,yettheystillknowthebestroute.Whyisthat?Itturnsoutthatthesehard-workinglittlebeestrymanypossiblepassagesbeforepickingoutthebestoneandrememberingitthenexttimetheyjourneyout.Theylearnfrom“trialanderror”，accordingtoastudybyscientistsfromtheUniversityofLondon.Weuseitallthetimeinourdailylives—trialanderrorisahelpfulproblem-solvingmethod.Itisthebasicconceptof“l(fā)earningfromyourmistakes”.Mostofthetime,wefailonourfirsttry,soweanalyzethefailure,makeadjustmentsandtryagain.Afterrepeatingthisafewtimes,wefinallygetthingsright.Thismightsoundabittiring,butit'scertainlyeffectiveanditworksforbumblebees.Inthestudy,scientistssetupfiveartificialflowersinafield.Eachoneofthemwasfittedwithmotion-triggered(運(yùn)動(dòng)觸發(fā)的)camerasandhadlandingplatformswithdropsofsugarinthemiddletoattractthebees.Atfirst,scientistsnoticedthebees'flyingrouteswerelongandcomplex.Butaftertheygainedenoughexperience,theygraduallygottotheirdestinationquicker.Everytimeabeetriedanewroutethatwasshorterthantherouteithadtriedbefore,itwaslikelytouseitagain.Otherwisethenewroutewouldsimplybegivenupandanotheronewastested.“Thespeedatwhichtheylearnthroughtrialanderrorisquiteextraordinaryforbumblebees,asthiscomplexbehaviorwasthoughttobeonethatonlylarger-brainedanimalshave，”ProfessorLarsChittka,leaderofthestudy,toldSciencedaily.Infact,thesmartbumblebeesdon'ttryeverypossibleroute.Normally,theywouldonlytryabout20outofthe120possibleroutestovisittheflowers.Moreinterestingly,scientistsfoundthatiftheyremovedaflower,beeswouldcontinuelookingatthatlocation,evenifithasbeenemptyforalongtime.“Itseemsbeesdon'teasilyforgetafruitfulflower，”Chittkasaid.本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述的是關(guān)于大黃蜂如何通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)找到最佳路途的新發(fā)覺。1．Thebumblebeesaregoodatfindingthebestroutebecause________.A．theyhaverelativelysmallerbrainsB．theirbodypartsfunctionlikeGPSC．theytryoutdifferentroutesandrememberthebestonesD．theytakethetroubleoftestingeverypossibleroute答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Itturnsoutthatthesehard-workinglittlebeestrymanypossiblepassagesbeforepickingoutthebestoneandrememberingitthenexttimetheyjourneyout.”可知，大黃蜂擅長找到最好的路途，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)嘗試不同的路途，記住最好的路途。故選C。2．Theauthorexplainsthebumblebees'behavioroftrialanderrorby________.A．usingnumbersB．makingametaphor(比方)C．makingcomparisonsD．talkingabouthumanbehavior答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Weuseitallthetimeinourdailylives—trialanderrorisahelpfulproblem-solvingmethod.Itisthebasicconceptof‘learningfromyourmistakes’.Mostofthetime,wefailonourfirsttry,soweanalyzethefailure,makeadjustmentsandtryagain.Afterrepeatingthisafewtimes,wefinallygetthingsright.”可知，作者通過對(duì)人類行為的探討，說明了大黃蜂的試錯(cuò)行為。故選D。3．ThestudyledbyprofessorLarsChittkasuggeststhat________.A．bumblebeestrytokeeptheirflyingrouteslongandcomplexB．everynewroutethebumblebeestakeisshorterthantheonetheytakebeforeC．bumblebeesarefamiliarwitheveryflyingroutetheyhavetakenbeforeD．scientistsfinditunbelievablethatbumblebeeslearnfromtheirmistakessoquickly答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第七段“Thespeedatwhichtheylearnthroughtrialanderrorisquiteextraordinaryforbumblebees,asthiscomplexbehaviorwasthoughttobeonethatonlylarger-brainedanimalshave，”可知，LarsChittka領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)探討表明，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為大黃蜂從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)的速度之快令人難以置信。故選D。4．Whatisthemainpointofthearticle?A．Bumblebeesareassmartaslarge-brainedanimals.B．Trialanderrorisaneffectivewaytosolveourdailyproblems.C．Anewdiscoveryabouthowbumblebeesfindthebestroutesthroughtrialanderror.D．Howbumblebeesrememberthebestroutes，smallastheirbrainsare.答案：C解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“Itturnsoutthatthesehard-workinglittlebeestrymanypossiblepassagesbeforepickingoutthebestoneandrememberingitthenexttimetheyjourneyout.Theylearnfrom‘trialanderror’”可知，本文講解并描述的是關(guān)于大黃蜂如何通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)找到最佳路途的新發(fā)覺。故選C。E(2024·邯鄲市高三第四次月考)Withtheexplosionofconsumerchoicesinrecenthistory,thelatestmust-haveswouldsurelyneedtobeupgradedmoreoftenthanevery10years.In2002acomputerandbasicmobilephonewouldhavebeenenoughformostpeople,butnow?ThepublicneedatrendynotebookcomputerandasmartphonewithWiFiconnectiontofeeltheyareup-to-date.Sowhenwillwehaveenoughthings?Whenwillwefinallybehappy?Well,itlookslikethethingswebuytodaywillbarelykeepussatisfiedforafewmonths.Intheeyesofsomepsychologists,farfrommakingushappy,greaterconsumerchoicecreatesmanyseriouspsychologicalproblems.Afundamentalprincipleofthesocietyisthatmorefreedomisbetterandmorechoiceinthemarketplacemeansmorefreedom.Thereforemorechoiceleadstomorehappiness.Thisisnotthecase,however.Imagineyougotoacaféofferingchocolateandvanillaicecream.Youchoosethechocolateandeatithappily.Butwhatifthecafeserves50kindsoficecream?Youchoosechocolateandthenstarttoworry,“Maybeblueberrywouldhavebeenbetter，perhapsthehalf-faticecreamwouldhavebeenhealthier.Stupidme,allthesechoicesandIdidn'tmakethebestone!”InChina'smajorcitieswehavenowpassedthepointwheremoreconsumerchoiceismakingushappier.Weareannoyedbyalltheoptionswehave,disappointedbecauseourexpectationsaresohighandangeredatourselveswhenwedon'tmakeaperfectchoiceeverytime.Anewspaperreportertellsastoryabouttravelingonaplanewithhigh-speedInternetaccess.Hethoughtthiswasamazing—thenewestpieceoftechnologyhehadheardof.Thentheservicewentdown.Themannexttohimwasangryandswore.Thereporterthought,“Howquicklytheworldoweshimsomethingheknewexistedonly10secondsago！”這是一篇爭論文。文章作者通過舉例說明選擇太多，反而不能令消費(fèi)者滿足。1．Whatisthetextmainlytalkingabout?A．Hi-techandconsumerneeds.B．Computersandsmartphones.C．WirelessproductsandWiFiconnection.D．Diversechoicesandconsumersatisfaction.答案：D解析：主旨大意題。其次段“Thereforemorechoiceleadstomorehappiness.Thisisnotthecase,however.”是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章主要講了選擇太多，反而不能令消費(fèi)者滿足，故選D。2．Whatmaysomepsychologiststhinkoftheconsumerdemandinthecafe?A．Theconsumerhasmentalproblems.B．Morechoicemeansmorefreedom.C．Varietyleadstounhappiness.D．Theshopprovidestoomanychoices.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Youchoosechocolateandthenstarttoworry,‘Maybeblueberrywouldhavebeenbetter，perhapsthehalf-faticecreamwouldhavebeenhealthier.Stupidme,allthesechoicesandIdidn'tmakethebestone！’”(你選擇巧克力然后起先擔(dān)憂，“藍(lán)莓可能會(huì)更好，或許一半脂肪冰淇淋會(huì)更健康。愚蠢的我，全部這些選擇，我沒有做出最好的一個(gè)！”)由此推斷出心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者在咖啡店的多樣選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致苦惱，故選C。3．Whywasthemannexttothereporterquiteannoyed?A．Thenetconnectionwasinterrupted.B．Someoneowedhimmoney.C．Theairhostessofferedpoorservice.D．Thepleasurelastedonly10seconds.答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“theservicewentdown.Themannexttohimwasangryandswore.”可知，坐在記者旁邊的這個(gè)人特別生氣是因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)連接被中斷，故選A。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“swore”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Fellasleep. B．Saidrudewords.C．Madepromises. D．Becameamazed.答案：B解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)“Themannexttohimwasangry”可知，這里意思是坐在記者旁邊的這個(gè)人特別生氣，并且起先咒罵。Swore意思是“咒罵”，故選B。F(2024·吉林省試驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三模擬)AvideorecordingfromXinhua(9th,Nov.2024)showingArabellaKushner,USPresidentDonaldTrump'sgranddaughter,singingChinesesongsandrecitingChineseliteraryclassicscausedanotherInternetsensation(轟動(dòng))inChinaWednesdaynight.Inthevideoclip,Arabella,wearingatraditionalembroideredChinesedress,greetsPresidentXiJinpingandhiswifePengLiyuan.Thesix-year-oldsingstwosongsOurFields,BeautifulFields,andMyGoodMom.Theformer,writtenin1953andadoredbyChineseteenagersfordecades,expressesone'sloveandaffectionforthemotherlandandnature.ThelatterisapopularnurseryrhymewidespreadinChina.ShealsodisplayedknowledgeaboutChineseliteraturebyrecitingThreeCharacterClassic,aConfucianistvolumetoeducateyoungchildren,andtwoancientpoemsofLiBai,WatchingtheFallofLushanMountain,andDepartingfromBaidiCityintheMorning.Xispokehighlyofthechild'sMandarinabilitiesandsaidher