山東專用2024高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)22必修5TheUnitedKingdom含解析

PAGE課時作業(yè)22TheUnitedKingdomⅠ.閱讀理解AAnyforeignerwhohastriedtolearnChinesecantellhowharditistomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstand.Andanyonewhohastriedtolearntoplaytheviolinorotherinstrumentscanreportsimilarchallenges.NowresearchershavefoundthatpeoplewithmusicaltraininghaveaneasiertimelearningChinese.WritingintheonlineeditionofNatureNeuroscience,researchersfromNorthwesternOneofthestudy'sauthors,NinaKraus,saidthefindingssuggestedthatstudyingmusic“actuallytunesoursensorysystem”.Thismeansthatschoolsthatwantchildrentodowellinlanguagesshouldhesitatebeforecuttingmusicprograms,DrKraussaid.Shesaidmusictrainingmightalsohelpchildrenwithlanguageproblems.Mandarin(一般話)speakershavebeenshowntohaveamorecomplexencoding(編碼)ofpitchpatternsintheirbrainsthanEnglishspeakersdo.ThisisbecauseinMandarinandotherAsianlanguages,pitchplaysacentralrole.Asingle-syllablewordcanhaveseveralmeaningsdependingonhowitisintoned.Forthisstudy,theresearcherslookedat20non-Chinesespeakingvolunteers,halfwithnomusicalbackgroundandhalfwhohavestudiedaninstrumentforatleastsixyears.Astheywereshownamovie,thevolunteersalsoheardanaudiotapeoftheMandarinword“mi”inthreeofitsmeanings:squint,bewilderandrice.Theresearchersrecordedactivitiesintheirbrainstemstoseehowwelltheywereprocessingthesounds.ThosewithamusicbackgroundshowedmuchmorebrainactivitiesinresponsetotheChinesesounds.Theleadauthorofthestudy,PatrickC．M.Wong,saiditmightworkbothways.Itappearsthatnativespeakersoftonallanguagesmaydobetteratlearninginstruments.本文是一篇說明文。任何一個學(xué)過漢語的外國人都知道駕馭說話和理解所須要的聲調(diào)有多難。目前有探討人員發(fā)覺，受過音樂訓(xùn)練的人學(xué)習(xí)語言更簡潔。1．WhenlearningChinese,aforeignerwillfind________.A．hehasadifficulttimelearningmusicatthesametimeB．hehasaneasiertimelearningmusicatthesametimeC．itishardtomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstandD．itiseasytousethebraintohelphimdiscoverchangesinpitch答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中AnyforeignerwhohastriedtolearnChinesecantellhowharditistomasterthetonesrequiredtospeakandunderstand.可知，任何一個學(xué)過漢語的外國人都知道駕馭說話和理解所須要的聲調(diào)有多難。故選C項。2．WhydoesChineselearninghavesomethingtodowithmusictraining?A．BecausethereisthesamedifficultyinlearningChineseandmusic.B．Becauseskillstolearnthetwomakeuseofthesamepartsofthebrain.C．Becausemusictrainingmighthelppeoplewithlanguagestudy.D．BecausepeoplewhodowellinChinesestudydowellinmusic.答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中researchersfromNorthwesternUniversitysaythatbothskillsdrawonthesamepartsofthebrainthathelppeoplediscoverchangesinpitch.可知，學(xué)習(xí)漢語和音樂訓(xùn)練用到的是都是大腦相同的部位。這些部位有助于幫助人們發(fā)覺音調(diào)中的改變。故學(xué)習(xí)漢語和音樂訓(xùn)練有關(guān)系。所以為什么中文學(xué)習(xí)與音樂訓(xùn)練有關(guān)是因為學(xué)習(xí)兩種技能須要用到大腦相同的部位。故選B項。3．Theunderlinedword“intoned”inthefourthparagraphcanbereplacedbytheword“________”．A．created B．spelledC．seemed D．pronounced答案：D解析：詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第四段中ThisisbecauseinMandarinandotherAsianlanguages,pitchplaysacentralrole.Asinglesyllablewordcanhaveseveralmeaningsdependingonhowitisintoned.可知，在一般話和其他亞洲語言中，音調(diào)起著中心作用。對一個單音節(jié)詞而言，當(dāng)人們對這個詞發(fā)出不同的音調(diào)時，那么，這個詞就表達出不同的意思。在第六段中以“mi”為例，這個詞不同的音調(diào)就代表著不同的意思。故畫線單詞表達的應(yīng)是人們對一個單音節(jié)詞的“發(fā)音”，故選D項。BL．M.Pei,theChinese-American,whowasregardedasoneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedattheageof102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.Hegaveustheglassandmetalpyramidinthemaincourtyard,alongwiththreesmallerpyramindsandavastsubterranean(地下的)additiontothemuseumentrance.PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983,hewasthoughtofasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinteriorspacesandexteriorforms...His_versatility_and_skill_in_the_use_of_materials_approach_the_level_of_poetry”．AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.DesigningtheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964establishedhimasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978changedpeople'sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid(梯形)shape.Pei'ssolutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic,lightandelegant—oneofthefirstcrowd-pleasingmuseumsofmodernart.Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(幾何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.Inperson,L．M.Peiwasgood-humored,charmingandunusuallymodest.Hisworkingprocesswasevolutionary,butinnovation(創(chuàng)新)wasneveranintendedgoal.“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose，”hesaid.“Iwanttofindtheoriginalityinthetime,theplaceandtheproblem.”本文是一篇人物傳記，主要介紹了貝聿銘在建筑藝術(shù)方面所取得的成就。4．WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?A．ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.B．Itwasasuccess.C．ItmadetheLouvreD．ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvre答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的“Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover”可知，最終，法國人以及全世界都被(他的精妙設(shè)計)折服，所以貝聿銘對巴黎盧浮宮進行的改建是勝利的。故選B。5．WhatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.B．Heisskilledinwritingpoems.C．Heoftencombinespoetryandconstruction.D．Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.答案：A解析：句意理解題。畫線部分意為“他在運用(建筑)材料方面的才華和技藝達到了詩一般的境界”。A項意為“他在應(yīng)用材料方面是一個大師”，與畫線部分意思相吻合，故選A。6．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a．DesigntheJohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.b．StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard.c．DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.d．WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.A．a(chǎn)bcd B．bacdC．bcad D．dacb答案：B解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章的第三至五段可知，在麻省理工學(xué)院和哈佛學(xué)習(xí)建筑發(fā)生在1955年之前，為JohnF．KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum做設(shè)計發(fā)生在1964年，設(shè)計華盛頓國家美術(shù)館東館是在1978年，贏得第五屆普利茲克建筑獎在1983年。故選B。7．WhatcanwelearnaboutL．M.Pei?A．Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.B．Hewastalentedandserious.C．Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.D．Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric(幾何的)shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle”可知，貝聿銘設(shè)計的建筑外形都以簡潔的幾何圖形為基礎(chǔ)，故他喜愛用簡潔的幾何圖形。故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空Iwascyclingandnoticedaperson,aboutaquarterofakilometerinfrontofme.Icouldtellhewascyclingalittleslowerthanmeand__1__totrytocatchupwithhim.Ihadaboutakilometertogoontheroad__2__turningoff.SoI__3__cyclingfasterandfasterandevery__4__，Iwasgainingonhimjustalittlebit.AfterjustafewminutesIwasonlyabout100yards__5__him,soIreallypickedupthepaceand__6__myself.Youwouldhave__7__IwascyclinginthelastsectionoftheLondonOlympictriathlon.__8__Icaughtupwithhimandpassedbyhim.OntheinsideIfeltsogood.Ibeathim,ofcourse,buthedidn'tevenknowwewere__9__.AfterIpassedhim,I__10__thatIhadbeensofocusedoncompetingagainsthimthatIhadmissedmyturn.Ihadgonenearlysixblockspastitandhadtoturnaroundandgoallthewayback.Isn'tthatwhathappensinlifewhenwe__11__competingwithco-workers,neighbors,andfriends,tryingtoprovethatwearemoresuccessfulormoreimportant?Wespendourtimeand__12__chasingafterthemandwemissoutonourownpathstoourfuture.The__13__ofunhealthycompetitionisthatit'saneverendingcycle.Andtherewillalwaysbesomebodyaheadofyou,someonewitha__14__job,moremoneyandmoreeducation,etc.Therefore,justtakewhatlifehasgivenyou,yourheight,weightandpersonality.Stayfocusedandliveapeacefullife.There'sno__15__inlife.Runyourownraceandwishotherswell!有一次騎自行車時，我留意到前方不遠處也有人在騎車。為了超過前面的人，我加快了騎車速度，之后雖然趕上了他，卻錯過了自己的轉(zhuǎn)彎處。人生也是如此，不要總是關(guān)注和同事、鄰居、摯友之間的競爭，總會有人比你有更好的工作、更多的錢、接受更多的教化。走好自己的路，人生本沒有“競爭”。1．A.failed B．decidedC．a(chǎn)greed D．forgot答案：B解析：依據(jù)語境和第8空后的“Icaughtupwithhim”可知，我看到前面有一個騎自行車的人比我騎得慢，我確定追上他。2．A.before B．a(chǎn)fterC．unless D．when答案：A解析：依據(jù)下文“我”錯過轉(zhuǎn)彎處要原路返回可知，此處表示在轉(zhuǎn)彎之前，我還要走大約一公里。3．A.stopped B．enjoyedC．started D．regretted答案：C解析：依據(jù)上文可知，我想趕上前面騎自行車的人，所以我起先越騎越快。4．A.way B．blockC．step D．time答案：B解析：依據(jù)下文第四段尾句中的“sixblocks”并結(jié)合常識可知，每經(jīng)過一個街區(qū)，我都接近他一點。5．A.apartfrom B．a(chǎn)boveC．a(chǎn)headof D．behind答案：D解析：依據(jù)上文我慢慢接近他可知，幾分鐘后，我只距離他身后大約100碼。6．Aforted B．protectedC．pushed D．supported答案：C解析：依據(jù)語境可知，幾分鐘后，我只落后他100碼左右，所以我加快了速度，給自己加把勁。pushoneself意為“給某人加把勁”。7．A.thought B．