黃金卷08 (贏在高考 黃金8卷)備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）（解析版）

【贏在高考·黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）（解析版）黃金卷08第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Famouspeopleoftensaythatthekeytobecomingbothhappyandsuccessfulisto“dowhatyoulove”.Butmasteringaskill,evenonethatyoudeeplylove,____1____ahugeamountofdullwork.Anyonewhowantstomasteraskillmustrunthroughthecycleofpractice,____2____feedback,modification,andincreasingimprovementagain,againandagain.Somepeopleseemabletoconcentrateonpracticinganactivitylikethisforyearsandtakepleasureintheirgradualimprovement.Yetothersfindthiskindoffocused,time-intensiveworktobe____3____orboring.Why?Thedifferencemay____4____theabilitytoenterintostateof“flow,”thefeelingofbeingcompletelyinvolvedinwhatyouaredoing.SinceMihalyCsikszentmihalyidevelopedthe____5____offlowinthe1970’s,ithasbeenamainstayofpositive-psychologyresearch.Flowstatescanhappeninthecourseofanyactivity,andtheyaremostcommonwhenataskhaswell-definedgoalsandisata(n)____6____skilllevel.Csikszentmihalyisuggestedthatthosewhomost____7____enteredintoflowstateshadan“autotelic(自成目的的)personality”—adispositiontoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow.Whilethosewithoutsuchapersonalityseedifficulties,autotelicindividualsseeopportunitiestobuildskills.Withtheircapacityfor“disinterestedinterest”,suchpeoplehaveagreat____8____overothersindevelopingtheirinnateabilities.Fortunatelyforthoseofuswhoaren’tnecessarilyblessedwithanautotelicpersonality,thereisevidencethatflowstatescanbe____9____byenvironmentalfactors.Bygivingourselvesunstructured,open-endedtime,minimal_____10_____,andatasksetatamoderatelevelofdifficulty,wemaybeabletolovewhatwe’redoing.1．A．inquires B．requires C．a(chǎn)cquires D．gains2．A．preventable B．maintainable C．sustainable D．critical3．A．frustrating B．encouraging C．concerning D．instructing4．A．moveaway B．turnon C．pickup D．callfor5．A．concept B．receipt C．reception D．condition6．A．a(chǎn)lternative B．a(chǎn)ppropriate C．a(chǎn)pproximate D．sufficient7．A．fully B．really C．readily D．a(chǎn)ccidentally8．A．a(chǎn)ddiction B．a(chǎn)dvance C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．a(chǎn)dmiration9．A．forbidden B．operated C．fastened D．facilitated10．A．temptation B．charm C．a(chǎn)ttractions D．distractions【答案】1．B

2．D

3．A

4．B

5．A

6．B

7．C

8．C

9．D

10．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。任何想要掌握一項技能的人都必須經(jīng)歷一遍又一遍的練習(xí)。一些人能夠集中精力練習(xí)這樣的活動，并且喜歡這種過程，而另一些人則覺得集中精力、耗費時間的工作令人沮喪。這主要是因為“心流狀態(tài)”——一種完全投入到你正在做的事情中的感覺。文章介紹了心流狀態(tài)的特點和容易進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)的人的特點，以及有證據(jù)表明環(huán)境因素可以培養(yǎng)心流狀態(tài)。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但掌握一項技能，即使是你深愛的技能，也需要大量枯燥的工作。A.inquires詢問，打聽；B.requires需要，要求；C.acquires獲得；D.gains得到。根據(jù)句中“masteringaskill”以及下文“Anyonewhowantstomasteraskillmustrunthroughthecycleofpractice,”（任何想要掌握一項技能的人都必須經(jīng)歷一次又一次的練習(xí)）可知，此處指掌握一項技能需要大量枯燥的工作。故選B。2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：任何想要掌握一項技能的人都必須經(jīng)歷一次又一次的練習(xí)、批評反饋、修改和不斷提高的過程。A.preventable可預(yù)防的；B.maintainable可維護(hù)的；C.sustainable可持續(xù)的；D.critical關(guān)鍵的；批判性的。根據(jù)句中“feedback,modification,andincreasingimprovement”可知，掌握一項技能要經(jīng)歷反復(fù)的反饋、修改和不斷提高的過程，可得出這種反饋應(yīng)該是具有批判性的。故選D。3．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)這種專注、時間密集的工作令人沮喪或無聊。A.frustrating令人沮喪的；B.encouraging鼓舞人心的；C.concerning使人擔(dān)憂的；D.instructing指導(dǎo)的。根據(jù)下文“orboring”可知，空格處與boring是并列意義。frustrating“令人沮喪的”可以承接句中“thiskindoffocused,time-intensivework”（這種專注、時間密集的工作）的語義，體現(xiàn)工作因費時而令人沮喪的邏輯。故選A。4．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這種差異可能取決于進(jìn)入“心流”狀態(tài)的能力，即完全參與你正在做的事情的感覺。A.moveaway移開；B.turnon打開，依靠；C.pickup拾起；開車接；D.callfor需要。根據(jù)上文“Somepeopleseemabletoconcentrateonpracticinganactivitylikethisforyearsandtakepleasureintheirgradualimprovement.Yetothersfindthiskindoffocused,time-intensiveworktobe3orboring.”（有些人似乎能夠多年來專注于練習(xí)這樣的活動，并從自己的逐漸進(jìn)步中獲得樂趣。然而，其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)這種專注、時間密集的工作令人沮喪或無聊。）可知，有些人喜歡這樣的狀態(tài)，而有些人覺得沮喪。所以，下文分析這種差異產(chǎn)生的原因——這種差異取決于進(jìn)入“心流”狀態(tài)的能力。故選B。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自從MihalyCsikszentmihalyi在20世紀(jì)70年代提出了心流的概念以來，它一直是積極心理學(xué)研究的中流砥柱。A.concept概念；B.receipt收據(jù)；C.reception接待；D.condition條件。根據(jù)下文“Csikszentmihalyisuggestedthatthosewhomost7enteredintoflowstateshadan“autotelic(自成目的的)personality”—adispositiontoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow.”（Csikszentmihalyi認(rèn)為，那些最……進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)的人具有“自成性格”——一種尋求挑戰(zhàn)并進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)。）可知，Csikszentmihalyi提出了流動的概念。故選A。6．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：心流狀態(tài)可以發(fā)生在任何活動的過程中，當(dāng)任務(wù)具有明確的目標(biāo)并且處于適當(dāng)?shù)募寄芩綍r，流狀態(tài)最為常見。A.alternative可供替代的；B.appropriate合適的；C.approximate近似的；大約的；D.sufficient足夠的。根據(jù)上文“well-definedgoals”可知，當(dāng)任務(wù)具有明確的目標(biāo)并且處于適當(dāng)?shù)募寄芩綍r，心流狀態(tài)最為常見。故選B。7．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Csikszentmihalyi認(rèn)為，那些最容易進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)的人具有“自成性格”——一種尋求挑戰(zhàn)并進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)。A.fully充分地；B.really真地；C.readily快捷地，輕而易舉地；D.accidentally意外地。根據(jù)下文“hadan“autotelic(自成目的的)personality”—adispositiontoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow”可知，擁有“自成性格”的人更容易進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)。故選C。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于他們具有“無利害關(guān)系”的能力，這類人在發(fā)展其先天能力方面比其他人有很大優(yōu)勢。A.addiction癮，入迷；B.advance前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步；C.advantage優(yōu)勢；D.admiration欽佩。根據(jù)上文“Withtheircapacityfor“disinterestedinterest””可知，由于他們具有“無利害關(guān)系”的能力，這類人在發(fā)展其先天能力方面比其他人有很大優(yōu)勢，呼應(yīng)上文講這類人最容易進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)。故選C。9．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，對于我們這些不一定擁有自成性格的人來說，有證據(jù)表明，環(huán)境因素可以促進(jìn)心流狀態(tài)。A.forbidden禁止；B.operated操作；手術(shù)；C.fastened系牢；D.facilitated幫助，促進(jìn)。根據(jù)上文“Fortunatelyforthoseofuswhoaren’tnecessarilyblessedwithanautotelicpersonality”可知，雖然我們不一定擁有很容易進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)的自成性格，但是幸運的是，心流狀態(tài)可以由環(huán)境因素促進(jìn)。故選D。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過給自己無組織和開放的時間、最小的干擾和設(shè)置中等難度的任務(wù)，當(dāng)我們努力練習(xí)我們喜歡做的事情時，我們可能會愛上我們正在做的事情。A.temptation誘惑，引誘；B.charm魅力；C.attractions吸引人的事物；D.distractions讓人分心的事物，干擾。根據(jù)句中“unstructured,open-endedtime,minimal10,andatasksetatamoderatelevelofdifficulty”可知，此處是讓自己進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)的條件，結(jié)合“unstructured,open-endedtime”和“amoderatelevelofdifficulty”，因此要給自己最小的干擾。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Itturnsoutthattheoldcliche“apictureisworthathousandwords”istrue,atleastwhenitcomestoyoursocialmediaprofilepicture.Astudyreveals____11____yourprofilepicturesaysaboutyouandyourpersonality.Areyouanextrovert,conscientious,orneurotic?Itturnsoutthatyoursocialmediaprofilepictureknowsall.Althoughsocialmediaallowsauser____12____(shape)hisorherownpersonalityandidealizedview,evidenceshowsthatsocialmediabehaviorusually____13____(represent)anextensionofone’sself.【答案】11．that

12．toshape

13．represents【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了社交媒體頭像可以反映出一個人的個性。11．考查名詞性從句。句意：一項研究表明，你的頭像可以反映出你和你的個性。分析句子可知，空格后是賓語從句，從句句意完整且不缺成分，應(yīng)用連詞that引導(dǎo)該賓語從句。故填that。12．考查非謂語動詞。句意：盡管社交媒體允許用戶塑造自己的個性和理想化的觀點，但有證據(jù)表明，社交媒體行為通常代表著一個人自我的延伸。allowsb.todo...是固定搭配，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，意為“允許某人做某事”。故填toshape。13．考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：盡管社交媒體允許用戶塑造自己的個性和理想化的觀點，但有證據(jù)表明，社交媒體行為通常代表著一個人自我的延伸。分析句子可知，提示詞是賓語從句中謂語動詞，與主語socialmediabehavior之間是主動關(guān)系；結(jié)合句意和時間狀語usually可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，又因主語是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填represents。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AItechnologycanprove____14____(confuse).AScottishsoccerteamreplacedtheirhumancameraoperators____15____AI-operatedball-trackingcameras.Now,cameraswouldalwaysfollowtheactionbyautomaticallyfollowingtheball.Soundsgreat,butfanswhowerewatchingthegamesathomemissedmostofthescoringplays____16____theAI-operatedcamerasconstantlymistookthereferee’sbaldheadforthesoccerball.Scoresofviewerscalledtheteam____17____(complain).Oneevensuggestedsupplyingtherefereewithawig.【答案】14．confusing

15．with

16．because##as

17．tocomplain【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是人工智能技術(shù)可能會令人困惑。14．考查形容詞。句意：人工智能技術(shù)可能令人困惑。prove是系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語，主語AItechnology是物，因此用ing結(jié)尾的形容詞confusing修飾，意為“令人困惑的”，故填confusing。15．考查介詞。句意：一支蘇格蘭足球隊用人工智能跟蹤攝像機(jī)取代了他們的人類攝像師。replace...with...是固定短語，意為“用某物代替某物”，因此空格處是介詞with，故填with。16．考查連詞。句意：聽起來不錯，但在家觀看比賽的球迷錯過了大部分進(jìn)球比賽，因為人工智能操作的攝像機(jī)總是把裁判的光頭誤認(rèn)為足球。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“在家觀看比賽的球迷錯過了大部分進(jìn)球比賽，因為人工智能操作的攝像機(jī)總是把裁判的光頭誤認(rèn)為足球”，空格處意為“因為”，用because/as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，故填because/as。17．考查不定式。句意：許多觀眾給攝制組打電話投訴。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“許多觀眾給攝制組打電話投訴”，空格處用不定式表目的，故填tocomplain。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Sincethe1970s,scientists____18____(search)forwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterfacetechnologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanne,Switzerland,showedasmallroboticwheelchair____19____(direct)byaperson’sthoughts.Inthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguided____20____withhisthoughts.【答案】18．havebeensearching

19．directed

20．it【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家們一直致力于尋找將大腦與計算機(jī)聯(lián)系起來的方法，這種腦機(jī)接口技術(shù)可以幫助殘疾人向機(jī)器發(fā)送命令。最近，有兩名研究人員向公眾展示了使用這種技術(shù)的新型輪椅機(jī)器人。18．考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：自20世紀(jì)70年代以來，科學(xué)家們一直在尋找將大腦與計算機(jī)聯(lián)系起來的方法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前有時間狀語“Since+過去的時間點”，由后文可知“尋找大腦與計算機(jī)聯(lián)系起來的方法”這一動作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，而且還在不斷發(fā)展，表示一個動作從過去某一時間開始并持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，而且還會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，空格處的動詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。故填havebeensearching。19．考查非謂語動詞。句意：最近，來自瑞士洛桑聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的兩名研究人員何塞·米倫和米歇爾·塔維拉展示了一種由人的意念引導(dǎo)的小型機(jī)器人輪椅。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語是showed，所以空格處應(yīng)填一個非謂語動詞；空格處動詞direct與其邏輯主語asmallroboticwheelchair之間是被動關(guān)系，故空格處動詞應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作后置定語。故填directed。20．考查代詞。句意：他甚至可以在一邊看著車，一邊用自己的意念引導(dǎo)它的時候說話。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此空格指代前面提到的thevehicle，應(yīng)用代詞it做形式賓語。故填it。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AChineseDualLanguageImmersionProgram(CDLIP)WhatisDualLanguageImmersion?Duallanguageimmersionprovidesacademicinstructionintwolanguages.ThePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrictcurrentlyoffersaChinese-Englishimmersionprogram.WhyChoosetheCDLIP?Learningasecondlanguageawakenscuriosityandrespectforothernationsandtheircultures.Chineseisnotonlyarichlanguagewithalongliterarytradition,butithasalsoemergedasaninfluentialworldwidelanguage.OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.FornativeChinesespeakers,ourprogramensuresfulldevelopmentandmasteryofEnglishlanguageartswhilehelpingthembecomemorefluentintheirmothertongue.OurClassroomsTheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondgrade.Grades3,4and5willbeaddedinSeptemberof2022,2023and2024,respectively.TheprogramiscurrentlylocatedatLutherBurbankPrimarySchool.Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartenerscountingandsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments-allinChinese!HowDoestheProgramWork?CDLIPclassroomscombinenativeandnon-nativespeakerssothatallstudentsmaysucceedinbothChineseandEnglish.WeapplyaTwo-Way90:10Model.Inkindergarten,90%oftheday’sinstructionisinChineseand10%isdevotedtoimprovingEnglishorallanguageandtheabilitytoreadandwrite.Aschildrenprogressthroughgradelevels,thepercentageofEnglishinstructiongraduallyincreases,finallyachievinga50:50splitbyfifthgrade.ToRegisterYourChildLanguagelearningisalong-termprocess,soparentsareaskedtoregistertheirchildrenforthefullsixyears.●Registeronlineatwww.pusd.us/oebetweenJune13and23.●Theprogramisfree,supportedbythePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrict.●Forkindergarten,noknowledgeofChineseisnecessary.(SomeknowledgeofChineseisexpectedforstudentsenteringgrades1-3.)●Applicationswillbeacceptedafterthedeadlineifspacesarestillavailable.●Ifyouwouldlikeassistancecompletingyourapplication,pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimarySchool(626)396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.21．AfterattendingtheCDLIP,studentswillbeableto________.A．masterChinesearts B．understandworldhistoryC．handdowntraditionalliterature D．developcross-culturalawareness22．WhatcanyoufindinCDLIPclasses?A．Kindergartenersspendingmoretimepracticingreading.B．Studentslearningthroughsongsandactivities.C．Higher-gradestudentsusingmostlyChinese.D．Studentsfocusingonsciencevocabulary.23．Whatcanwelearnabouttheregistration?A．Parentsneedtopaytheprogramfee.B．Studentsmustberegisteredeveryyear.C．Spacesareusuallyavailableafterthedeadline.D．PUSDWelcomeCenteroffershelpwithregistration.【答案】21．D

22．B

23．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了中文雙語浸入式課程的相關(guān)信息。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhyChoosetheCDLIP?”中的“OurCDLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.(我們的中文雙語浸入式課程提高了跨文化的敏感度，這樣學(xué)生就可以了解全球化的世界。)”由此可知，參加了中文雙語浸入式課程后，學(xué)生將能夠培養(yǎng)跨文化意識。故選D項。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OurClassrooms”中的“Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullofkindergartenerscountingandsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments—allinChinese!(在任何一天，你都可能看到滿教室的孩子在數(shù)硬幣，一年級學(xué)生在唱“TheMoreWeGetTogether”，二年級學(xué)生在用中文描述物理實驗)”可知，你能在中文雙語浸入式課程發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生通過歌曲和活動學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ToRegisterYourChild”中的“Ifyouwouldlikeassistancecompletingyourapplication,pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimarySchool(626)396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.(如果您需要幫助完成您的申請，請聯(lián)系伯班克小學(xué)NettyLi老師，電話為(626)396-5760或訪問PUSD接待中心)”可知，PUSD接待中心提供注冊幫助。故選D項。BIalwaysimaginedI’dbeagoodbirderoneday.Butitwasnottobe.IfinallyhadtoacknowledgethisthedayImetarealbirder.Towardevening,abeautifulsongeruptedfromthewoods.“Oh!What’sthatone?”Iasked.Shelookedatmewithunbelievingeyesandsaid,“That’sstillacardinal(紅雀).”Nevertheless,afterdecades,I’vegottenprettygoodatthe20orsoregularbirdvisitorstomygarden.AndnowIhaveanewambition.Iwanttobeabletotellindividualbirdsapart.Youknow,mypersonalbirds.Ithoughtmyabilitytodistinguishourlocalhummingbirds(蜂鳥)wouldbelimitedtotellingthefemalesfromthemales,whichiseasy,becausetheirfeatherslookdifferent.Butthere’swaymoregoingonthanthat.Igetagoodlookbecause,likemanypeople,Iputoutanectar(花蜜)feeder.That’smainlyformybenefit,todrawthemclose.Hummingbirdsgetplentyofjuicefrommyflowers.Buttheyalsoeatinsectsandspiders.Somemorethanothers.Thehummingbirdthathasdominated(控制)ourfeeder—HannibalNectar—isoneround,spider-filledlittleball.Butthenthere’sNoodle.ShevisitsthefeederanytimeshesensesHannibalisn’tlooking.ShealwayspicksherplacecarefullysoshecanlookoutforHannibal.Shelooksright,left,up,down,andonlythenlowersandsuckseverythingshecan.Hannibalcomeswaymoreoftenanddrinkslessatatime,becauseheknowshe’stheboss.Buthe’salsotheonlyhummingbirdI’veseenthatmakesaregularhabitofcheckingoutthenectarfeederfromunderneath.Iknowwhathe’sdoing:Theremightbeants.PoorNoodle.She’llbeattackingspiderwebsformaterialforhernestoneofthesedays,andIhopeshe’srealcomfortableinthere,becausethat’soneplaceHannibalwillnotbeinvited.I’dlovetobringherahousewarminggift.Maybeanicespiderpotpie.24．Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterhearingtherealbirder’sanswer?A．Excited. B．Moved. C．Frightened. D．Embarrassed.25．Forwhatmajorpurposedidtheauthorsetupanectarfeeder?A．Tohunthummingbirds. B．Totrainhummingbirds.C．Toobservehummingbirds. D．Togivehummingbirdsahome.26．HowisHannibaldifferentfromNoodle?A．Heismorebattlesome. B．Heeatsinsectsandspiders.C．Hesucksmorenectaratatime. D．Heisparticularaboutthematerialforhisnest.27．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Thejoyofraisingbirds B．UsefuladvicefromarealbirderC．Therearebirds,andthenthere’sNoodle D．Hummingbirdsbringmusictomygarden【答案】24．D

25．C

26．A

27．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對蜂鳥的喜愛以及蜂鳥給作者的花園帶來的樂趣。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“IalwaysimaginedI’dbeagoodbirderoneday.(我一直幻想著有一天我會成為一名優(yōu)秀的觀鳥者)”以及““Oh!What’sthatone?”Iasked.Shelookedatmewithunbelievingeyesandsaid,“That’sstillacardinal(紅雀).”(“哦！那是什么？”我問。她用不相信的眼神看著我說“那還是紅雀?！?”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己是一名優(yōu)秀的觀鳥者，但是自己沒有辨認(rèn)出紅雀。由此推知，作者聽到真正的觀鳥者的回答后可能會感到尷尬。故選D。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Igetagoodlookbecause,likemanypeople,Iputoutanectar(花蜜)feeder.That’smainlyformybenefit,todrawthemclose.(我看得很清楚，因為，像許多人一樣，我放了一個花蜜喂食器。這主要是為了我好，為了把它們拉近)”可知，作者設(shè)置了一個花蜜喂食器，是為了觀察蜂鳥。故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Thehummingbirdthathasdominated(控制)ourfeeder—HannibalNectar—isoneround,spider-filledlittleball.Butthenthere’sNoodle.ShevisitsthefeederanytimeshesensesHannibalisn’tlooking.ShealwayspicksherplacecarefullysoshecanlookoutforHannibal.Shelooksright,left,up,down,andonlythenlowersandsuckseverythingshecan.(在喂食器中占主導(dǎo)地位的蜂鳥是HannibalNectar——一個圓形的、布滿蜘蛛的小球。但是還有Noodle。只要Hannibal不注意，她就會去拜訪喂食器。她總是小心挑選自己的位置這樣她就能觀察Hannibal。她左看右看，上看下看，然后才把所有東西都放下來吸)”可知，Noodle在吸食花蜜的時候，會提防Hannibal。由此推知，Hannibal更強(qiáng)壯、更具有戰(zhàn)斗力。故選A。27．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“IalwaysimaginedI’dbeagoodbirderoneday.(我一直幻想著有一天我會成為一名優(yōu)秀的觀鳥者)”及第二段“Nevertheless,afterdecades,I’vegottenprettygoodatthe20orsoregularbirdvisitorstomygarden.AndnowIhaveanewambition.Iwanttobeabletotellindividualbirdsapart.(盡管如此，幾十年后，我已經(jīng)很擅長接待那些經(jīng)常到我花園來的20只左右的鳥了?，F(xiàn)在我有了新的抱負(fù)。我想要能夠區(qū)分不同的鳥)”和后文作者對蜂鳥的觀察可知，文章主要講述了作者對蜂鳥的喜愛以及蜂鳥給作者的花園帶來的樂趣。由此可知，Hummingbirdsbringmusictomygarden(蜂鳥給我的花園帶來了音樂)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。CItseemsratherobviousthatfacialcharacteristicsaredeterminedbyourgenes.Butuntilrecentlygeneticists(遺傳學(xué)家)hadverylittleunderstandingofwhichpartsofourDNAwerelinkedtoourfacialappearance.Aninternationalteamofresearchersidentifiedmorethan130chromosomal(染色體的)regionsassociatedwithspecificaspectsoffacialshape.Thisisacriticalfirststeptowardunderstandinghowgeneticsimpactourfaces,LiveSciencenoted.ResearchersscannedtheDNAofmorethan8,000peopleandanalyzeddozensofshapemeasurementsfromtheir3Dfacialimagestolookatthestatisticalrelationshipsbetweenabout7milliongeneticmarkers—knownlocationsinthegeneticcodewherehumansvary—andthefacialfeatures.“Whenwefindastatisticalrelationbetweenafacialfeatureandoneormoregeneticmarkers,itpointsustoaverypreciseregionofDNAonachromosome.Thegeneslocatedaroundthatregionthenbecomeourprimecandidatesforfacialfeatureslikenoseorlipshape,”SethWeinberg,co-authorofthestudy,wroteonLiveScience.Researchersdiscoveredsomeinterestingpatternsafterlookingattheimplicated(牽涉其中)genesattheseDNAregions.Yournoseisthepartthatismostinfluencedbyyourgenes.Areaslikethecheeks,whicharehighlyinfluencedbylifestylefactorslikediet,showedthefewestgeneticassociations.Thereisalsoahighdegreeofoverlap(重合)betweenthegenesinvolvedinfacialandlimbdevelopment.Thisprovidesanimportantclueastowhymanygeneticsyndromes(綜合癥)arecharacterizedbybothhandandfacialmalformations(畸形).Somegenesinvolvedinfacialshapemaybeinvolvedincancer,too.Itexplainswhypeopletreatedforpediatric(小兒科的)cancershowsomedistinctivefacialfeatures.So,cansomeonetakeyourDNAandconstructanaccurateimageofyourface?It’sunlikely.The130-plusgeneticregionsthatwereidentifiedexplainlessthan10percentofthevariationinfacialshape.Butevenifweunderstoodallofthegenesimpactingfacialappearance,predictionwouldstillbeabigchallenge.That’sbecausefacialfeaturesareaffectedbyotherfactorsaswell,suchasage,diet,climateandsunexposure.Still,theknowledgeofpatients’geneticinformationcanbeaninvaluabletoolincreatingpersonalizedtreatmentplansinfieldslikeorthodontics(畸齒矯正學(xué))orreconstructivesurgery.Forexample,ifsomedaydoctorscanusegeneticstopredictwhenachild’sjawwillhititsgrowthpeak,itwillhelpthemdecidethebesttimetointervene.28．What’sthemainpurposeoftheresearch?A．Toexplainwhyhumansvarybasedonstatistics.B．Toidentifythefactorsimpactingfacialappearance.C．Todiscoverthelinkbetweengenesandfacialfeatures.D．Tostudytherelationshipbetweenfacialfeaturesandgeneticmarkers.29．Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A．Thenoseismostinfluencedbygenes.B．Facialmalformationsaffectlimbdevelopment.C．Thecheeksaremostcloselyassociatedwithage.D．Facialshapeandcancerareimpactedbyexactlythesamegenes.30．Howcouldtheresearchbenefitpeople?A．Itcouldimproveorthodontictreatments.B．Itcouldbeusefulforchangingfacialshapes.C．Itcouldhelprecreateone’sjawatanearlyage.D．Itcouldhelppredictfacialappearancewithease.【答案】28．C

29．A

30．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章首先提出一個研究現(xiàn)狀，即遺傳學(xué)家對我們的DNA的哪些部分與我們的面部外觀有關(guān)知之甚少，隨后通過一系列的研究結(jié)果得出結(jié)論——預(yù)測長相仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Itseemsratherobviousthatfacialcharacteristicsaredeterminedbyourgenes.Butuntilrecentlygeneticists(遺傳學(xué)家)hadverylittleunderstandingofwhichpartsofourDNAwerelinkedtoourfacialappearance.(面部特征似乎很顯然是由基因決定的。但直到最近，遺傳學(xué)家對我們的DNA的哪些部分與我們的面部外觀有關(guān)知之甚少。)”可知，后文的研究是為了找到基因和面部特征之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。故選C項。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Yournoseisthepartthatismostinfluencedbyyourgenes.(鼻子是受基因影響最大的部位。)”可知，鼻子被基因影響最大。故選A項。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Still,theknowledgeofpatients’geneticinformationcanbeaninvaluabletoolincreatingpersonalizedtreatmentplansinfieldslikeorthodonticsorreconstructivesurgery.Forexample,ifsomedaydoctorscanusegeneticstopredictwhenachild’sjawwillhititsgrowthpeak,itwillhelpthemdecidethebesttimetointervene.(盡管如此，對患者基因信息的了解，對于在正畸或重建外科等領(lǐng)域制定個性化治療計劃來說，仍然是一個無價的工具。例如，如果有一天醫(yī)生可以利用遺傳學(xué)預(yù)測孩子的下巴何時會達(dá)到生長高峰，這將幫助他們決定干預(yù)的最佳時間。)”可知，遺傳學(xué)可以幫助醫(yī)生在病人年輕時重建下巴。故C項正確。A項為迷惑項，該段只提到遺傳學(xué)可以幫助正畸制定個性化治療，并不一定能提高正畸治療的效果。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“That’sbecausefacialfeaturesareaffectedbyotherfactorsaswell,suchasage,diet,climateandsunexposure.(這是因為面部特征也會受到其他因素的影響，比如年齡、飲食、氣候和日照。)”可知，面部特征收到各種因素影響，所以遺傳學(xué)不能幫助人們改變臉型，排除B項。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“So,cansomeonetakeyourDNAandconstructanaccurateimageofyourface?It’sunlikely.(那么，有人能提取你的DNA并構(gòu)建出你面部的精確圖像嗎？這幾乎是不可能的。)”可知，研究結(jié)果并不可以幫助輕松預(yù)測面部外觀，排除D項。故選C項。DTheenvironmentalpracticesofbigbusinessesareshapedbyafundamentalfactthatoffendsoursenseofjustice.Abusinessmaymaximizetheamountofmoneyitmakesbydamagingtheenvironmentandhurtingpeople.Whengovernmentregulationiseffective,andthepublicisenvironmentallyaware,environmentallycleanbigbusinessesmayout-competedirtyones,butthereverseislikelytobetrueifgovernmentregulationisineffectiveandthepublicdoesn’tcare.Itiseasytoblameabusinessforhelpingitselfbyhurtingotherpeople.Butblamingaloneisunlikelytoproducechange.Itignoresthefactthatbusinessesarenotcharitiesbutprofit-makingcompanies,andtheyareunderobligationtomaximizeprofitsforshareholdersbylegalmeans.Ourblamingofbusinessesalsoignorestheultimateresponsibilityofthepublicforcreatingtheconditionsthatletabusinessprofitthroughdestructiveenvironmentalpolicies.Inthelongrun,itisthepublic,eitherdirectlyorthroughitspoliticians,thathasthepowertomakesuchdestructivepoliciesunprofitableandillegal,andtomakesustainableenvironmentalpoliciesprofitable.Thepubliccandothatbyaccusingbusinessesofharmingthem.Thepublicmayalsomaketheiropinionfeltbychoosingtobuysustainablyharvestedproducts;bypreferringtheirgovernmentstoawardvaluablecontractstobusinesseswithagoodenvironmentaltrackrecord;andbypressingtheirgovernmentstopassandenforcelawsandregulationsrequiringgoodenvironmentalpractices.Inturn,bigbusinessescanexertpowerfulpressureonanysuppliersthatmightignorepublicorgovernmentpressure.Forinstance,aftertheUSpublicbecameconcernedaboutthespreadofadisease,transmittedtohumansthroughinfectedmeat,theUSgovernmentintroducedrulesdemandingthatthemeatindustryabandonpracticesassociatedwiththeriskofthediseasespreading.Butthemeatpackersrefusedtofollowthese,claimingthattheywouldbetooexpensivetoobey.However,whenafast-foodcompanymadethesamedemandsaftercustomerpurchasesofitshamburgersdropped,themeatindustryfollowedimmediately.Thepublic’staskisthereforetoidentifywhichlinksinthesupplychainaresensitivetopublicpressure.SomereadersmaybedisappointedoroutragedthatIplacetheultimateresponsibilityforbusinesspracticesharmingthepubliconthepublicitself.Ialsobelievethatthepublicmustacceptthenecessityforhigherpricesforproductstocovertheaddedcostsofsoundenvironmentalpractices.Myviewsmayseemtoignorethebeliefthatbusinessesshouldactinaccordancewithmoralprinciplesevenifthisleadstoareductionintheirprofits.ButIthinkwehavetorecognizethat,throughouthumanhistory,governmentregulationhasarisenpreciselybecauseitwasfoundthatnotonlydidmoralprinciplesneedtobemadeexplicit,theyalsoneededtobeenforced.Myconclusionisnotamoralisticoneaboutwhoisrightorwrong,admirableorselfish.Ibelievethatchangesinpublicattitudesareessentialforchangesinbusinesses’environmentalpractices.31．ThemainideaofParagraph3isthatenvironmentaldamage__________.A．istheresultofignoranceofthepublicB．requirespoliticalactionifitistobestoppedC．canbepreventedbytheactionofordinarypeopleD．canonlybestoppedbyeducatingbusinessleaders32．InParagraph4,thewriterdescribeswaysinwhichthepubliccan__________.A．reducetheirownindividualimpactontheenvironmentB．learnmoreabouttheimpactofbusinessontheenvironmentC．raiseawarenessoftheeffectsofspecificenvironmentaldisastersD．influencetheenvironmentalpoliciesofbusinessesandgovernments33．WhatpressurewasgivenbybigbusinessinthecaseofthediseasementionedinParagraph5?A．Meatpackersstoppedsupplyinghamburgerstofast-foodchains.B．Meatpackerspersuadedthegovernmenttoreducetheirexpenses.C．Afast-foodcompanyforcedtheirmeatsupplierstofollowthelaw.D．Afast-foodcompanyencouragedthegovernmenttointroduceregulations.34．Whatwouldbethebestheadingforthispassage?A．Willtheworldsurvivethethreatcausedbybigbusinesses?B．Howcanbigbusinessesbeencouragedtobelessdrivenbyprofit?C．Whatenvironmentaldangersarecausedbythegreedofbusinesses?D．Arebigbusinessestoblameforthedamagetheycausetotheenvironment?【答案】31．C

32．D

33．C

34．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了企業(yè)通過破壞環(huán)境和傷害人們來獲得利益，這是很正常的，但僅僅指責(zé)企業(yè)是沒用的，還需發(fā)揮公眾的作用和影響力。31．主旨大意題。由第三段“Ourblamingofbusinessesalsoignorestheultimateresponsibilityofthepublicforcreatingtheconditionsthatletabusinessprofitthroughdestructiveenvironmentalpolicies.Inthelongrun,itisthepublic,eitherdirectlyorthroughitspoliticians,thathasthepowertomakesuchdestructivepoliciesunprofitableandillegal,andtomakesustainableenvironmentalpoliciesprofitable.(我們對企業(yè)的指責(zé)也忽視了公眾的最終責(zé)任，是他們創(chuàng)造出相應(yīng)的條件，讓企業(yè)可以通過破壞環(huán)境的政策來賺取利潤。長期來看，無論是直接參與也好，通過政客也好，只有公眾才有權(quán)力讓這些破壞性的政策變得無利可圖或者違背法律，讓可持續(xù)的環(huán)保政策能夠盈利)”可知，公眾能創(chuàng)造相應(yīng)條件讓企業(yè)通過破壞環(huán)境的政策來賺取利潤，公眾也可以通過行動讓企業(yè)從