高二英語(yǔ)選修一考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)-專(zhuān)題04 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

高二英語(yǔ)選修一復(fù)習(xí)——專(zhuān)題04動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Part1將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)1.定義：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)是指將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+willbe/begoingtobe+doingIwillbesleepingat12:00p.m.十二點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我將在睡覺(jué)。Iwillbestudyinginuniversityattheageof20.我20歲的時(shí)候我將會(huì)在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。3.用法：（1）表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般帶狀語(yǔ)。WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?下周一的這個(gè)時(shí)候你會(huì)做什么？Whenhecomestomyhousetomorrow,Iwillbewritingthereport.明天他來(lái)我家時(shí)，我將在寫(xiě)報(bào)告。（2）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)延續(xù)到將來(lái)。Iwonderifitwillstillberainingthisafternoon.我想知道今天下午是否還會(huì)一直下雨。Ithinkthatshewillbeworkingonthisexperimentuntilnextmorning.我想她會(huì)一直在做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)直到第二天早上。（3）表示預(yù)定的將來(lái)動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的預(yù)測(cè)。TomorrowIwillbeflyingtoBombay.明天我將飛往孟買(mǎi)。Afteryoutakethemedicine,youwillbefeelingmuchbetter.吃完藥后，你會(huì)感覺(jué)好很多。（4）表示委婉的請(qǐng)求。Whenshallwebemeetingagain?我們什么時(shí)候能再見(jiàn)面？（5）表示原因。Pleasecometomorrowafternoon.TomorrowmorningI’llbehavingameeting.請(qǐng)明天下午過(guò)來(lái)。明天早上我將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。（6）表示結(jié)果。Stopthechildorhewillbefallingover.快阻止那個(gè)孩子，要不然他會(huì)摔跤的。（7）表示對(duì)將來(lái)的打算（區(qū)別于對(duì)將來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)）MydutieswillendinJuly,andI’llbereturningtoBeijing.七月我將結(jié)束工作，返回北京?！靖櫟淅繂尉湔Z(yǔ)法填空1.He________________(play)basketballat5tomorrow.2.They_______________(go)onatripnextmonth.3.I_______________(read)abookthistimetomorrow.4.She_______________(cook)dinnerat6tonight.5.We_______________(have)ameetingnextweek.6.She_______________(dance)happilyatthepartytomorrownight.7.Willyou_______________(have)dinnerwithustomorrow?8.He_______________(give)aspeechinthehallnextFriday.9.At7o'clocktomorrowmorning,I_______________(run)inthepark.10.They_______________(talk)andlaughingloudlyattheconcerttonight.答案：1.Hewillbeplaying(play)basketballat5tomorrow.2.Theywillgo(go)onatripnextmonth.3.Iwillbereading(read)abookthistimetomorrow.4.Shewillbecooking(cook)dinnerat6tonight.5.Wewillhave(have)ameetingnextweek.6.Shewillbedancing(dance)happilyatthepartytomorrownight.7.Willyoubehaving/have(have)dinnerwithustomorrow?8.Hewillgive(give)aspeechinthehallnextFriday.9.At7o'clocktomorrowmorning,Iwillberunning(run)inthepark.10.Theywillbetalking(talk)andlaughingloudlyattheconcerttonight.Part2過(guò)去完成時(shí)一、基本概念在英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)中,“時(shí)”指動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,“態(tài)”指動(dòng)作的樣子和狀態(tài)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):1.肯定句:主語(yǔ)+had+done+其他.2.否定句:主語(yǔ)+had+not+done+其他.3.一般疑問(wèn)句:Had+主語(yǔ)+done+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+had.否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+hadn’t.4.特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+had+主語(yǔ)+done+其他?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had(not)+been+done+其他.三、基本用法1.表示“在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,可以用by,before等介詞(短語(yǔ))或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示,如:Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到從宇宙飛船發(fā)來(lái)的200張圖片。2.表示“從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”,常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:Ihadwaitedatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當(dāng)一輛公共汽車(chē)終于到來(lái)時(shí),我在公共汽車(chē)停靠站已等了20分鐘。3.先敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,在此之后追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:MrSmithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。我已歸還了我借的書(shū)。4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)還常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(或間接引語(yǔ))中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。如:Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說(shuō)他很了解她。5.用在狀語(yǔ)從句中:描述在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作,發(fā)生在前的,用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后的,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句。如:WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。注意:如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí),特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中,因?yàn)閺木涞膭?dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在“hardly…when…”“nosooner…than…”scarcely...when..“Itwasthefirst(second…)time(that)…”等固定句型中。如:Nosoonerhadhearrivedherethanhewentawayagain.他剛到這兒就又走了。四、語(yǔ)法區(qū)別1.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響;過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),以過(guò)去的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí),才用到它。如:Ihavelearned1,000Englishwordssofar.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。Ihadlearned1,000Englishwordstillthen.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。2.與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同:過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。如:Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.【跟蹤典例】Ⅰ單句填空1.Yesterdayshesaidthatherlostkey(find).

2.Ialmostknewnothingaboutthesubject,forI(notstudy)mylessonattentively.

3.Hesaidhe(work)inthatfactorysince1949.

4.Ithoughtthattheletter(send)aweekbefore.

5.Shedidn’tgobackhomeuntilthework(finish).

6.Hardlyhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

7.Robert(want)toattendPeter’sbirthdayparty,butanunexpectedvisitorruinedhisplan.

8.Itwasthethirdtimethathe(be)outofworkthatyear.

9.We(learn)overtwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.

10.Sixhundredtrees(plant)beforelastWednesday.

11.Hardly______________(he,get)intotheroomwhenthetelephonerang.12.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_______________(trap)inthemountainsfortowdays.●Ⅱ句型訓(xùn)練Itwasbecausetheworkers_____________thattheyaccomplishedthetaskinhalfthetimescheduled.正是因?yàn)楣と藗儽缓芎玫亟M織了起來(lái),所以他們用了計(jì)劃時(shí)間的一半就完成了任務(wù)。hadbeenfound【解析】主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)said，從句動(dòng)作“找到鑰匙”發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，且key和find之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。hadn'tstudied【解析】根據(jù)前半句的時(shí)態(tài)以及句意可知，此處描述過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前沒(méi)有認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)功課，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。hadbeenworking【解析】主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)said，從句中有since1949（表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間點(diǎn)），所以用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去一直在做某事。hadbeensent【解析】主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)thought，從句動(dòng)作“寄信”發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，且letter和send之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。hadbeenfinished【解析】主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)didn'tgo，從句動(dòng)作“完成工作”發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，且work和finish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。had【解析】Hardly...when...是固定句型，意為“一……就……”，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，且部分倒裝，所以填had。hadwanted【解析】根據(jù)后面的butanunexpectedvisitorruinedhisplan可知，“想?yún)⒓泳蹠?huì)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在計(jì)劃被破壞之前，也就是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。hadbeen【解析】Itwasthethirdtimethat...句型中，that從句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為止是第幾次做某事。hadlearned【解析】bytheendoflastterm（到上學(xué)期末為止）表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。hadbeenplanted【解析】beforelastWednesday（在上周三之前）表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，且trees和plant之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。hadhegot【解析】Hardly...when...句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)且部分倒裝，所以填hadhegot。12.hadbeentrapped

【解析】根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)risked可知，從句中“被困在山里”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，且tourists和trap之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Ⅱ句型訓(xùn)練答案：Itwasbecausetheworkershadbeenwellorganizedthattheyaccomplishedthetaskinhalfthetimescheduled.

Part3過(guò)去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.結(jié)構(gòu)：hadbeendone（及物動(dòng)詞）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+hadbeen+done+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+hadnotbeen+done+其他一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+been+done+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+had+主語(yǔ)+been+done+其他？Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.Theclassroomhadnotbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.Hadtheroombeencleanedbeforetheteachercame?Howmanyroomshadbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame?2．過(guò)去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)的用法①在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即某事已經(jīng)被做。句中常有by,before，until,for/since等詞。Bytheendoftheexhibition，nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensoldout.Themanhadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodaysbeforetherescuerarrived.②在told，said，knew，heard，thought，reported等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。Themoderatorreportedahugeamountofmoneyhadbeenraisedinthecampaign.Theboywasremindedthathishomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.③根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)意能判斷動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Wehadtoleavehishousebecauseithadbeenflooded.5,000Englishwordshadbeenlearntwhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.④在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Ifthepreparationhadbeenmadebetter,Iwouldhavegotahighscore.【跟蹤典例】單句語(yǔ)法填空Bythetimewearrivedthere,allthetickets____________(sell)out.Theforest____________(destroy)justbeforethelawwaspassed.Thebridge____________(damage)severaltimesbytheenemybeforeitwasfinallybuilt.Itwasreportedthatthesale____________(advertise)forseveraldays.Ifthenewsafetysystem_____________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.ItwasthethirdtimethatI_____(catch)readingfictionnovelonclass.Itwasthefirsttimeshe_________(allow)tomeettheseniorrepresentative.Weweretoldallthetasks______(complete)bynow.Thesurvivor________(trap)intheriverforfourhours,sohelookedpaleandexhausted.Muchlaborwouldhavebeensavediftheelectronicdevices__________(invent)before.Participantsattheconferenceweregratefulfortheinformationthat__________(provide)forthem.Hebegantolosehiscouragebecauseeverymeans__________(try)already.答案：hadbeensold?！癰ythetime+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，tickets和sellout是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。hadb