專(zhuān)題-05-氣候變化-零碳排放-2023年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文精讀精練

2023年高考英語(yǔ)外刊時(shí)文精讀精練(5)Climatechange氣候變化Heatisland熱島主題語(yǔ)境：人與自然主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容：人與環(huán)境【外刊原文】（斜體單詞為超綱詞匯，認(rèn)識(shí)即可；下劃線(xiàn)單詞為課標(biāo)詞匯，需熟記。）OnMarch

13th,as

commuters（每日往返上班者）

streamed

outofChhatrapatiShivajiTerminus,a

gothic

revival

masterpiece（哥特式復(fù)興建筑——賈特拉帕蒂·希瓦吉終點(diǎn)站）

inMumbai,India’s

commercial

capital,theywere

confronted

withtemperaturesapproaching

40°C,nearly

7°Cabovenormalforthetimeofyear.Thecityisinthemidstofadebilitating

heatwave,its

13thinthepastfivedecades,nearlyhalfofwhich

occurred

inthepast

15

years.Mumbai’saveragetemperaturehasincreasedbyover

1°Cinthatperiod.Hadthose

commuters

crossed

thestreetfromthe

station

andenteredthecity’s

grand

headquartersthatday,theymighthavefoundcausefor

optimism.Thatafternoonpoliticiansfromthe

authorityandthestateofMaharashtra,ofwhichMumbaiisthe

capital,had

gathered

to

unveil

（揭露）a“climateactionplan”.Thecityaimstoreachnet-zero

emissions

by

2050,twodecadesearlierthanthe

target

setbythenationalgovernment.Mumbaiis

extremely

vulnerable

toclimatechange.A

narrow

and

densely

populated（人口密集的）

island,surroundedonthreesidesbytheArabianSea,itis

attacked

by

monsoon(季候風(fēng))

rainsforfourmonthsayearand

routinely

subjectto

flooding,especiallyduringhightide.Thatisbadenoughforthecity’s

apartment-dwellers（公寓居民）.Butitisevenworseforthe

42%ofthepopulationwholivein

slums（貧民窟）,whicharelikely

tobewashedawayor

buried

by

landslides（山體滑坡）.

The

key

oftheplanisa

proposal

todecarbonise（去碳化）Mumbai’senergy.Generatingthecity’selectricity,whichproducesnearlytwo-thirdsofthecity’s

emissions,

relies

mostlyon

burning

fossilfuels,

particularly

coal.Thecitywantstoincreasetheshareofrenewables（可再生資源）.Itislooking,forinstanceinto

installing

solar

panels（裝太陽(yáng)能電池板）

on

rooftops.Another

priority

istoimprovethequalityandefficiencyofthecity’sbuildings.

Slums,especially,areheatislands.Madeofwhatever

materials

areathandorcheaplyavailable,theyarefiveorsixdegreeshotterthan

structuresofgoodquality,makingthem,asthereportputsit,“uninhabitable(不適于居住的)”onhotdays.Moreover,theheat,

damp

and

cramped(狹窄的)

conditionsmake

slum

residentsmore

vulnerable

todisease—alessobviousriskofclimatechange.

Theplanis,however,

short

ondetailsofhowtoachieveitsambitions.Still,in

publishing

oneatallMumbaihasledthewayamongSouthAsian

metropolises(大都市).Othercitiesare

keen

tofollow

suit,saysShrutiNarayanofC40,whohelpedwiththereport.ChennaiandBangaloreinthesouthhavestartedworkontheirplans.Others,includingDelhiandKolkatainIndia,DhakainBangladeshandKarachiinPakistanhaveexpressedinterestindoingsomethingsimilar.ThereisplentyinMumbai’s

240documentto

inspire

them.Oneisthefactthatitdoesnot

rely

onusing

technologies

thatdonotyetexist,a

criticism

atmanycountries’national

proposals.Anotheristheattentiongivento

adaptation

(coping

withallthebadthingsalreadyhappening)andnotjust

reducingfuture

emissions.

?Detailsmayanywaybebesidethepoint.TherealvalueofMumbai’splanisasasignalling

device(信號(hào)裝置)

that“focusestheattentionofpolicymakers”,statesAbhasJha,aclimate

specialist

attheWorldBank.TheParisAgreement,which

committed

theworldtothegoalofkeepingtheriseintemperaturestolessthan

2°Cabovepre-industrial

levels,workedinmuchthesameway,leavingcountriesto

hash

outdetailslater.Time,though,isgettingevershorter.【課標(biāo)詞匯】stream（一群人，東西）涌，涌動(dòng)；流動(dòng)Hewaswatchingthetaxisstreamingpast.他看著出租車(chē)一輛接著一輛地駛過(guò)。Myeyeswerestreaming.我淚水漣漣。commercial商業(yè)的；商務(wù)的；貿(mào)易的?acommercialorganization/venture/success商業(yè)組織／企業(yè)／成功Whethertheprojectwillbeacommercialsuccessisstilluncertain.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是否賺錢(qián)還是個(gè)未知數(shù)。confront面對(duì)，面臨；遭遇；直面，正視It'sanissuewe'llhavetoconfrontatsomepoint,nomatterhowunpleasantitis.不管它有多討厭，我們終究要面對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。IthoughtIwouldremaincalm,butwhenIwasconfrontedwith/bytheTVcamera,Ibecameverynervous.我以為我會(huì)保持鎮(zhèn)靜，可是面對(duì)電視鏡頭，我卻變得緊張萬(wàn)分。approach靠近；接近；臨近Wecouldjustseethetrainapproachinginthedistance.我們剛好能看到火車(chē)從遠(yuǎn)處駛來(lái)。Thetotalamountraisedsofarisapproaching(=almost)$1000.目前籌集到的金額總數(shù)將近1000美元了。normal普通的；平常的；通常的Livelybehaviourisnormalforafour-year-oldchild.四歲的孩子好動(dòng)是正常的。It'snormalforcouplestoarguenowandthen.夫妻之間偶爾發(fā)生口角是很平常的。occur發(fā)生Anaccidentinvolvingovertenvehicleshasoccurredintheeast-boundlane.在東向車(chē)道上發(fā)生了一起涉及十多輛汽車(chē)的交通事故。Violenceofsomesortseemstooccurineverysociety.每個(gè)社會(huì)似乎都會(huì)存在某種形式的暴力。average平均的;普通的；平常的；中等的；一般的averageearnings/income/rainfall平均工資／收入／降雨量Theaveragepersoninthestreetisalotbetteroffthantheywerefortyyearsago.再普通再一般的人也要比40年前富裕多了。Thecarswerebeingsoldatanaveragepriceof$11000.這批汽車(chē)的平均售價(jià)是1萬(wàn)美元。cross越過(guò)；橫穿；橫渡；橫跨It'snotagoodplacetocrosstheroad.這里不適宜穿越馬路。Lookbothwaysbeforeyoucrossover(=crosstheroad).過(guò)馬路前先要左右看看。grand壯麗的；堂皇的；重大的:

It'snotaverygrandhouse.這房子并不是十分富麗堂皇。

Theweddingwasaverygrandoccasion.婚禮場(chǎng)面非常隆重。optimism樂(lè)觀；樂(lè)觀主義Therewasanoteofoptimisminhisvoiceashespokeaboutthecompany'sfuture.談到公司的未來(lái)，他語(yǔ)氣里帶著樂(lè)觀情緒。Therewasoptimismthatanagreementcouldbereached.有一種樂(lè)觀情緒，認(rèn)為能夠達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。gather收集，搜集；聚集，集攏Iwenttoseverallibrariestogatherinformationaboutthescheme.我去了數(shù)家圖書(shū)館去搜集有關(guān)這一計(jì)劃的資料。Wegatheredourthingstogetherandleftquickly.我們收拾好自己的東西趕快離開(kāi)了。emission氣體、熱量、光線(xiàn)等的）排放，散發(fā)，射出?carbondioxideemissions二氧化碳的排放Theemissionofgasessuchascarbondioxideshouldbestabilisedattheirpresentlevel...二氧化碳等氣體的排放應(yīng)該穩(wěn)定在當(dāng)前水平。target

（想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的）目標(biāo)HigherdegreesinEnglishareatargetforforeignstudents.獲得更高的英語(yǔ)學(xué)位是外國(guó)學(xué)生的目標(biāo)。Thegovernmentmayfailtomeet(=achieve)itstargetofrecycling25%ofdomesticwaste.政府可能完不成回收利用25%的生活垃圾的目標(biāo)。extremely

非常；極端；極其Theyplayedextremelywell.他們演奏得非常精彩。She'sextremelybeautiful.她非常美麗。vulnerable受傷的；易受影響（或攻擊）的；脆弱的Ifeltveryvulnerable,standingtherewithoutanyclotheson.一絲不掛地站在那里，我感覺(jué)自己非常脆弱，不堪一擊。HetookadvantageofmewhenIwasatmymostvulnerable.他在我最脆弱的時(shí)候利用了我。narrow狹窄的;狹隘的;勉強(qiáng)的；差距微小的anarrowbridge/passage/gap狹窄的橋梁／通道／縫隙Theyareunabletoseebeyondthenarrowworldofthetheatre.他們看不到狹小的戲劇界以外的天地。Wewonanarrowvictory.我們險(xiǎn)勝。routinely

日常地，常規(guī)地Healthandsafetyrulesareroutinelyflouted/ignored.衛(wèi)生和安全法規(guī)經(jīng)常被忽視。Thisvaccineisalreadyroutinelyused.這種疫苗已經(jīng)作為常規(guī)使用。besubjectto受…的，常受…的；易患…的?Inrecentyears,shehasbeensubjecttoattacksofdepression.近年來(lái)，她一直飽受憂(yōu)郁癥的折磨。Flightsaresubjecttodelaybecauseofthefog.由于有霧，航班可能延誤。bury掩埋，埋藏Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandbegantosob.她雙手掩面開(kāi)始啜泣。Theskierswereburiedunderthesnow.滑雪者被埋在了積雪的下面。proposal

建議；計(jì)劃；提案Congresshasrejectedthelatesteconomicproposalputforwardbythepresident.議會(huì)否決了總統(tǒng)最近提出的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃。Thecommitteeputforwardaproposaltoreducethetimelimit.該委員會(huì)提出了一個(gè)縮短時(shí)限的建議。generate（以某種形式）產(chǎn)生，發(fā)生（能量等）Windturbinesgenerateelectricityforthelocalcommunity.風(fēng)輪機(jī)為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)發(fā)電。Thecompany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoalto

generate

power.新英格蘭電力公司用煤發(fā)電。particularly特別，尤其，異乎尋常地Stevewasinaparticularlybadmoodwhenhegotback.史蒂夫回來(lái)時(shí)情緒特別不好。Therestaurantisparticularlypopularwithyoungpeople.那家餐廳尤其受到年輕人的歡迎。Wearehopingtoexpandourbusiness,particularlyinEurope.我們希望擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)，尤其是在歐洲。install安裝，設(shè)置〔設(shè)備〕:

Securitycamerashavebeeninstalledinthecitycentre.

在市中心已安裝了一些監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)。Theyhadinstalledanewphonelineintheapartment.他們已經(jīng)在公寓里裝上了新的電話(huà)線(xiàn)。priority優(yōu)先考慮的事Mendingthelightsisaprioritytask(=moreimportantthanotherjobs).修燈這個(gè)任務(wù)更重要。Banksnormallygiveprioritytolargebusinesseswhendecidingonloans(=Theydealwiththemfirstbecausetheyconsiderthemmostimportant).銀行在發(fā)放貸款時(shí)通常優(yōu)先考慮大企業(yè)。efficiency效率；效能Whatissoimpressiveabouttheirsocietyistheefficiencyofthepublicservices.他們的社會(huì)給人留下最深刻印象的是其高效率的公共服務(wù)。Therearemanywaystoincreaseagriculturalefficiencyinthepoorerareasoftheworld.有很多方法能夠提高世界貧困地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)效率。athand（時(shí)間上）臨近；在附近Recenteconomicperformancesuggeststhatamajorcrisisisathand.最近的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)預(yù)示著一場(chǎng)重大的危機(jī)可能即將到來(lái)。Peterturnedhisattentiontothetaskathand.彼得將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到手頭的工作上。available可利用的；可獲得的;可取得聯(lián)系的；有空的Fundsareavailabletoassistteacherswhowanttoattendtheconference.想?yún)⒓哟髸?huì)的教師可獲得資助。Parkingisreadilyavailablenearthestationentrance.車(chē)站入口附近停車(chē)很方便。damp潮濕的，濕淋淋的Thegrassisstilldamp.草還有些潮濕。Itwasadamp,mistymorning.那是一個(gè)潮濕而又霧氣蒙蒙的早晨。ambition強(qiáng)烈欲望，野心；雄心，抱負(fù)，志向Herambitionwastobecomeamodel.她的志向是要成為時(shí)裝模特。Heachievedhisambitionofmakingafortune.他已實(shí)現(xiàn)了發(fā)財(cái)?shù)男坌?。publish公布；出版；發(fā)表ThenamesofthewinnersofthecompetitionwillbepublishedinJune.競(jìng)賽優(yōu)勝者名單將于六月份公布。Shewasonly19whenherfirstnovelwaspublished.她的第一部小說(shuō)出版時(shí)她年僅19歲。keen熱衷的；熱心的；渴望的She'sakeentennisplayer她熱衷于打網(wǎng)球。She'skeenon(playing)tennis.她很喜歡打網(wǎng)球。follow

suit跟著做，照著做，仿效:Budgetcompanieshavebeensosuccessfulthatotherairlineshavehadtofollowsuitandlowertheirfares.

廉價(jià)航空公司很成功，其他航空公司只得仿效，降低票價(jià)。inspire激勵(lì)，鼓舞;喚起，激起;賦予靈感；激發(fā)（想法）AfterhertriptoVenezuela,shefeltinspiredtolearnSpanish.委內(nèi)瑞拉之行促使她下定決心學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語(yǔ)。Thedesignofthecarhasinspiredmanyimitations.受這款車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)的啟發(fā)出現(xiàn)了很多模仿品。technology技術(shù)（學(xué)）；應(yīng)用技術(shù)；（尤指）工業(yè)技術(shù)?computertechnology電腦技術(shù)Advancesintechnologyhaveimprovedcropyieldsbyover30%.科技的進(jìn)步使莊稼的產(chǎn)量提高了30%以上。Therehavebeenmajornewdevelopmentsinsatellitetechnology.衛(wèi)星技術(shù)有了重大的新發(fā)展。adaptation適應(yīng)

Mostlivingcreaturesarecapableofadaptationwhencompelledtodoso.大多數(shù)生物都能在迫于壓力的情況下適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。cope

with（人）應(yīng)付；（妥善）處理Itmustbedifficulttocopewiththreesmallchildrenandajob.要照顧三個(gè)小孩還要工作肯定不容易。

Localauthoritieshavetocopewiththeproblemsofhomelessness.

當(dāng)局需要解決人們無(wú)家可歸的問(wèn)題。commit承諾，保證；（使）忠于；（使）致力于；投入（時(shí)間或金錢(qián)）Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.政府必須致力改善醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。TheycalledonWesternnationstocommitmoremoneytothepoorestnations...他們呼吁西方國(guó)家向極端貧困國(guó)家投入更多的錢(qián)。hash

out詳細(xì)討論ThereorganizationplanwashashedoutSeptember16.重組計(jì)劃在9月16號(hào)進(jìn)行了充分討論?！菊n標(biāo)詞匯精練】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，從上面的“課標(biāo)詞匯”和“重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)”中選用合適的單詞及其正確形式將句子補(bǔ)充完整。Ifanyofthesesymptomswhileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.TheageoftheUSsoldierswhofoughtintheVietnamWarwas19.thebridgeandturnrightatthefirstsetoftrafficlights.Thecompany'sgrandwastobecomethefirstandbiggestglobalairline.Judgingfromyourexaminationresults,Ithinkyouhavecause/grounds/reasonforcautiousaboutgettingauniversityplace.Sheupthenewspapersthatwerescatteredaroundthefloor.TheGreenPartyhavecalledforasubstantialreductionintheofgreenhousegasesbytheUK.Iwokeupinthenight,withsweat.Thefutureofthecompanylooksverypromising.Iwasimpressedbythewithwhichshehandledthecrisis.Wewanttoensurethathelpis(=easilyavailable)forallchildrensufferingabuse.Meetingswereheldtoupdateemployeesassoonasnewinformationbecame.

VitaminKisgiveninthefirstweekoflifetopreventbleeding.?Alltraintimesarechangeinbadweatherconditions.Touristsaremoretoattack,becausetheydonotknowwhichareasofthecitytoavoid.Awomanhadaescapeyesterdaywhenhercarlefttheroad.Shefearedshewouldn'tbeabletotwonewbabies.Oncewetothiscourseofactionthereisnogoingback.Assheleftthecourt,shebyangrycrowdswhotriedtoblockherway.Ifyoulookoutofthewindowontheleftofthebus,you'llseethatwe'renowtheTowerofLondon.Thegovernment'sof3.5%annualgrowthseemseasilyattainable.Earthquakesaredifficulttopredict.Wesomeofthedetailsoftheplan.They'vethenewcomputernetworkatlast.Britishfarmers,thoseproducinglamb,areveryworried.Evolutionoccursasaresultoftonewenvironments.Thisshirtstillfeelsabit.Lifeofferedfewopportunitiesforyoungpeoplewith.TheGovernmentfigureseverysixmonthsshowinghowmanypeopleareunemployed.Theywereverytostartworkassoonaspossible.Thecaptain'sheroiceffortthemwithdetermination.Whatthiscountryneedsisalong-termpolicyforinvestmentinscienceand.Themanagementdidnotseemtoconsiderofficesafetytobea.He'dhadtohispainovertheyears.Therehasbeenanangryreactiontothegovernment'storeduceunemploymentbenefit.Thewindfarmmaybeabletoenoughelectricity/powerfor2000homes.Keys:occur服藥期間如果產(chǎn)生了這些癥狀中的任何一種，要立即就醫(yī)。average參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的美國(guó)士兵平均年齡是19歲。Cross過(guò)橋后在第一個(gè)紅綠燈處右拐。ambition公司的遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)是要成為全球首位的，也是最大的航空公司。optimism從你的考試成績(jī)來(lái)看，我認(rèn)為你有理由對(duì)在大學(xué)得到一席位持謹(jǐn)慎的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。gathered她把散落在地板上的報(bào)紙收拾起來(lái)。emission綠黨要求英國(guó)切實(shí)減少溫室氣體的排放量。streaming我夜里醒來(lái)，渾身冒汗。commercial這家公司的商業(yè)前景看起來(lái)非常光明。efficiency她應(yīng)變效率之高給我留下了深刻的印象。athand我們想確保所有遭受虐待的兒童都能隨時(shí)得到幫助。available

一有新的信息就開(kāi)會(huì)告訴了員工routinely出生后第一周通常要服用維生素K，以防止出血subjectto在惡劣的天氣狀況下，所有列車(chē)時(shí)刻都常有變動(dòng)。vulnerable游客更容易受到攻擊，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢莱抢锬男┑胤讲辉撊?。narrow昨天一名女子的汽車(chē)沖出公路，險(xiǎn)些釀成大禍。copewith她擔(dān)心自己無(wú)法應(yīng)付兩個(gè)剛出生的寶寶。havecommitted一旦我們承諾采取這個(gè)行動(dòng)，就沒(méi)有回頭路。wasconfronted她離開(kāi)法庭時(shí)，憤怒的人群試圖攔住她的去路。approaching如果你從公車(chē)左側(cè)的視窗望出去，就可以看到我們正在駛向倫敦塔。target政府制定的3.5%的年增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)似乎很容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。extremely預(yù)測(cè)地震極其困難。hashedout我們?cè)敿?xì)討論確定了計(jì)劃的一些細(xì)節(jié)。installed他們終于安裝了新計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。particularly英國(guó)農(nóng)夫，尤其是養(yǎng)羊羔的農(nóng)夫，非常擔(dān)憂(yōu)。adaptation進(jìn)化是生物適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的結(jié)果。damp這件襯衫摸上去還有點(diǎn)濕的。ambition生活給予雄心勃勃的年輕人的機(jī)會(huì)很少。publishes政府每半年公布一次失業(yè)人數(shù)。keen他們渴望盡早開(kāi)始工作。