【2022走向高考】高三英語一輪(外研版)復(fù)習(xí)：高考專項突破-閱讀2

其次部分高考專項突破(二)APerhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou'reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(力氣)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(沉沒)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.They_live_in_too_big_a_house_with_too_many_rooms,_yet_their_house_of_life_is_a_hut.Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyofhamandeggswhenyou'rehungry.Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestandrefreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichpersonisnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary.MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou'vebroughtthatspirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playabit.Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.語篇解讀：什么是真正的幸福和富有？不是更多的金錢和物質(zhì)，精神的富有才會真正使你幸福。真正的幸福不是住在一個多么大的房子里。人生的大房子應(yīng)當(dāng)是由藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、音樂、體育等各個“房間”組成的。1．Theauthorintendstotellusthat________.A．truehappinessliesinachievingwealthbyfairmeansB．bighousesarepeople'smostvaluedpossessionsC．bighousescaninasensebringrichnessoflifeD．truehappinesscomesfromspiritualriches答案：D推理推斷題。本文的主旨就是說明真正的幸福是精神的富足，財寶、大房子等物質(zhì)的擁有并不能帶來真正的幸福和富足。2．Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat________.A．howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB．howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoorC．thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD．thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。該句的字面意思是“他們住在一所擁有超多房間的超大房子里，然而他們的生命房間卻是一間陋舍?！保Y(jié)合本文主旨大意，可知此處應(yīng)是想說盡管他們物質(zhì)富有，但卻精神貧瘠，故B項正確。3．Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat________.A．moremoneybringsmorehappinessB．a(chǎn)rtisneededtomakeyourhousebeautifulC．literaturecanenrichyourspirituallifeD．sportscontributemainlytoyourphysicalfitness答案：C推理推斷題。A項意為“更多的金錢可以帶來更多的幸福”，明顯與文章主題不符；藝術(shù)(art)是使人精神生活充實，而非使房子更秀麗，排解B項；運動(sports)在生活當(dāng)中意義豐富，而非僅僅使你身體健康，排解D項。只有C項“文學(xué)可以豐富你的精神生活”符合本文的觀點。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HouseofLifeB．SecretofWealthC．RestandRefreshmentD．InterestandEnthusiasm答案：A主旨大意題。本文的主要意思就是說明物質(zhì)上的大房間并不是真正的富足，而是擁有藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、音樂、體育等“房間”的生命的房間(houseoflife)才是真正的富有，才能夠給你帶來更多的幸福。B(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，C)Atypicalliontamer(馴獸師)inpeople'smindisanentertainerholdingawhip(鞭)andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention,butit'smostlyforshow.Inreality,it'sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion'sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)—onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan'tfocusorthatwe'refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.Itdoesn'thavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo,somethingyouwanttoaccomplish,someoneyouwanttobecome...takeimmediateaction.Ifyou'reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.語篇解讀：本文通過馴獸時，獅子在面對椅子的四條腿時，不知道該作何選擇，聯(lián)系到我們。我們事實上跟獅子一樣，在面對多種選擇時會困惑，而此時最好的選擇就是快速作出打算。5．Whydoestheliontameruseachair?A．Totrickthelion.B．Toshowoffhisskills.C．Togetreadyforafight.D．Toentertaintheaudience.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段第三句信息“Inreality，itisthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.”以及本段后面的介紹可知，是椅子在訓(xùn)獅中起關(guān)鍵作用，故A項正確。6．Inwhatsensearepeoplesimilartoalionfacingachair?A．Theyfeelpuzzledoverchoices.B．Theyholdontothewrongthings.C．Theyfindithardtomakechanges.D．Theyhavetodosomethingforshow.答案：A推理推斷題。由文章第一段最終幾句話“Withitsfocusdivided，thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsurewhattodonext...”以及其次段第一句話“Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion？”可知，人經(jīng)常跟獅子一樣遇到同樣的情形，即：在面對多個選擇的時候很困惑，不知該作何選擇，故A項正確。7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParag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B．Doubtful.C．Respectful D．Supportive.答案：B推理推斷題。第三段的幾個信息“upsetsmetonoend，leftconfused”等等可推知，雖然專家在忙著辯論那個選擇最好，但是我們始終很困惑，由此可推知：作者對專家持懷疑態(tài)度，故B項正確。8．Whentheworldis“wavingachairinyourface”，you'readvisedto________.A．waitforabetterchanceB．breakyouroldhabitsC．makeaquickdecisionD．a(chǎn)skforclearguidance答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最終一段其次句信息“Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface，rememberthis：Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething，”即：快速作出打算該干什么，故C項正確。CThebehaviourofabuilding'susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissions(排放)by80percentby2050,partofwhichwillbeachievedbyallnewhomesbeingzero-carbonby2022.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown-thoughextremelyimportant—isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率)，whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.‘Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything，'explainsKatyJanda,aUKERCseniorresearcher，‘consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.'Inotherwords，oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home.Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbill-payersdon'thavetheknowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergy-usehabits.Withoutspecificinformation，it'shardtoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.Feedback(反饋)facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension(方面)，suggestingthatindividuals'behaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted—whetherpeoplethrowopentheirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat(恒溫器),forexample.Jandaarguesthateducationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammetoteachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheirownbehaviourinthem.語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文，大意是說明建筑物的使用者的行為至少和它的設(shè)計一樣的重要，即人們家庭對于能源的消費量直接影響我們的生活環(huán)境的質(zhì)量。9．Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof________.A．zero-carbonhomesB．thebehaviourofbuildingusersC．sustainablebuildingdesignD．thereductionofcarbonemissions答案：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章首句可知英國能源爭辯中心的爭辯表明白人們行為舉止對環(huán)境的重要性，故選B項。10．Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“________.”A．theways B．theirhomesC．developments D．existingefforts答案：D詞義猜想題。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是existingefforts，故選D項。11．WhatareKatyJanda'swordsmainlyabout?A．Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusers'habits.B．Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.C．Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.D．Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.答案：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三自然段中的“consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign”一句可知專家強調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)藗兊募彝ド盍?xí)慣的重要性，故選A項。D(2022·陜西·B)WhenItoldmyfatherthatIwasmovingtoDesMoines,Iowa,hetoldmeabouttheonlytimehehadbeenthere.Itwasinthe1930s,whenhewasaneditoroftheliterarymagazineofSouthernMethodistUniversity(SMU)inDallas,Texas.HealsoworkedasaprofessoratSMU,andtherewasagirlstudentinhisclasswhosufferedfromaseriousbackdisease.Shecouldn'taffordtheoperationbecauseherHermotherranaboardinghouseinGalveston,aseasidetownnearHouston,Texas.Shewascleaningouttheattic(閣樓)onedaywhenshecameacrossanolddustymanuscript(手稿).Onitstoppagewerethewords,“ByO.Henry”.Itwasanicestory,andshesentittoherdaughteratSMU,whoshowedittomyfather.Myfatherhadneverreadthestorybefore,butitsoundedlikeO.Henry,andheknewthatO.HenryhadoncelivedinHouston.SoitwaspossiblethatthefamousauthorhadgonetothebeachandstayedintheGalvestonboardinghouse,andhadwrittenthestorythereandleftthemanuscriptbehindbyaccident.MyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasMyfatherthensetouttosellit.Eventually,hefoundhimselfinDesMoines,meetingwithGardnerCowles,atopeditorattheDesMoinesRegister.Cowleslovesthestoryandboughtitonthespot.Myfathertookthemoneytothegirl.ItwasjustenoughforhertohavetheoperationshesoMyfathernevertoldmewhattheO.Henrystorywasabout.ButIdoubtthatitcouldhavebeenbetterthanhisownstory.語篇解讀：本文為記敘文。