2021年高考英語考點總動員系列-專題01-冠詞和名詞(解析版)

【母題再現(xiàn)】題型介紹：冠詞的用法和名詞詞義辨析考點，是英語高考命題的熱點之一。在高考中主要考查點有：定冠詞的用法、不定冠詞的用法、定冠詞和不定冠詞混合命題、名詞詞義辨析、名詞的單復數(shù)、名詞作定語、名詞的全部格等。命題形式：本考點在高考中的命題形式主要有：1.單選填空（毀滅在自主命題區(qū)）；2.語法填空（短文填空）（毀滅在全國卷中）3.短文改錯。高考選題：題型1：【2022·天津卷】8.Lifethelike________ocean;Only________strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.A.an;theB.the;aC.the;/D./;a題型2：【2022·新課標全國卷Ⅰ】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean-up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).點評：69空考查change的名詞復數(shù)形式；70空考查名詞patience的形容詞形式，題型3：【2022·全國新課標I】短文改錯（10分）Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedSomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethenforalltheseyearwehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!【小題4】依據(jù)時間狀語Sincethen可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。所以把had變成have。解題技巧：冠詞學問是高考中的必考內(nèi)容，也是教學的難點。由于英漢的差異，漢語中沒有冠詞的概念，導致同學把握起來較難。把握冠詞的用法關鍵把握以下幾點：1.理解特指和泛指；2.理解具體和抽象。名詞最?？嫉拿}形式是名詞詞義辨析，對應同義詞辨析，我們確定要平常留意積累。關鍵做題閱歷可知，同義詞辨析大多是在具體語境中，關鍵固定短語來推斷的。真正的詞義辨析題很少。其次，名詞的單復數(shù)的考查也是高頻考點。解答此類試題，可以從以下幾個方面著手考慮：名詞類試題應留意：1、名詞詞義辨析和習慣搭配。名詞詞義辨析包括同義詞辨析、近義詞辨析、同形詞辨析和不同詞義的名詞在語境中的辨析。另外,高考還考查簡潔混淆的名詞的辨形、辨義以及名詞慣用法等。2、名詞的數(shù)（可數(shù)與不行數(shù)、單數(shù)與復數(shù)）、名詞的全部格、抽象名詞的具體化、物質(zhì)名詞的量化、名詞和冠詞的搭配以及主謂全都等。3、名詞的“舊詞新意”和“名詞動化”現(xiàn)象。如：sheltern庇護，避難所→vt疼惜，躲避，避難；stormn.暴風雨；大動蕩→vi&vt橫沖直撞，

猛攻；shouldern.肩，肩膀，肩部→vt肩負，擔當；trailn.小徑，痕跡→vt追蹤。冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題，而且基本都設兩空。一般狀況下，試題的情景較為曲折,句式以復合句為主。另外,在短文改錯和語法填空中也經(jīng)常涉及冠詞的考查?？疾橐c主要包括：1、定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。2、定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用狀況、比較級前冠詞使用的幾種狀況。3、冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。4、零冠詞的運用。另外,還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。把握冠詞須把握好以下三個原則：（1）單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；（2）復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不行數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，其前不加冠詞；（3）無論可數(shù)名詞還是不行數(shù)名詞，表示特指其前都要加定冠詞the?！究键c揭秘】高頻考點一：考查短語中的冠詞【2022屆廣西桂林十八中第六次月考】Anewmanagerwillcometotake_____chargeofthiscompany,whichwasin_____chargeofMr.Wang.A．the;theB．/;/C．the;/D．/;the高頻考點二：抽象名詞具體化的冠詞【2022屆山東省煙臺市3月模擬】5．—HaveyougotnewsthataterroristincidentoccurredinKunmingtheotherday?—Yes，it’sshocktoallofus．A．the；theB．a(chǎn)；不填C．the；aD．不填；a高頻考點三：理解定冠詞的特指功能【2022屆陜西省西工大附中上學期第三適應性訓練】14.–Whichis_______moredevelopedcountry,theUnitedStatesorCanada?–Theformerin_______way.A.a;a B.the;the C.the;a D.a;the高頻考點四：深刻理解不定冠詞表泛指Anaccidenthappenedat________supermarketafewmetersawayfrom________park.A.a;aB./;aC./;theD.the;/高頻考點五：利用固定短語找到正確答案【2022屆廣西桂林十八中第三次月考】—Theschooliswellequipped.—Yes,andeverystudenthasfree________tothelibrary.A.chanceB.rightC.useD.access高頻考點六：留意考查句子的語境理念，四個選項不是同義詞或近義詞【2022屆浙江省臺州市一?！?.Afteralongdayofhardwork,myonlyistogetbackhomeandhaveagoodsleep. A.concern B.ambition C.reward D.burden【直擊高考】冠詞1.【2022·重慶卷】6.Ican’ttellyou_______waytotheWilsons’becausewedon’thave_______Wilsonhereinthevillage.A.the;aB.a;/C.a;theD.the;/2.【2022·浙江卷】2.Thepaperisduenextmonth,andIamworkingsevendays______week,oftenlonginto______night.

A.a;the

B.the;

不填

C.a;a

D.

不填；the3.【2022·江西卷】22.TheychoseTomtobe___captainoftheteambecausetheyknewhewas__smartleader.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4.【2022·陜西卷】19.________villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto________town.A.The;a B.A;the C.The;the D.A;a名詞1.【2022·天津卷】3.Windisnowtheworld’sfastestgrowing________ofpower.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root2.【2022·福建卷】26.—Couldyoutellmethe____ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectonsinthecookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick3.【2022·湖北卷】Her_____ forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.A.motivation B.qualificationC.talent D.technique4.【2022·湖北卷】WhenRichardsaid，“Youaremuchmoreagreeableandprettiernow，Joan’sfaceturnedredattheunexpected_____.A.command B.comparisonC.complimentD.contribution5.【2022·江蘇卷】27.Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutremainedapowerful________inlastyear’selection.A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statue6.【2022·安徽卷】29．—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That'sagood.A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account7.【2022·浙江卷】6.

Wemostprefertosayyestothe______ofsomeoneweknowandlike.

A.attempts

B.requests

C.doubts

D.promises【課后反饋】夯實基礎：1．【山東省郯城一中2022屆高三12月月考】WiththesuccessfullaunchofTiangong-l,whichwas_____breakthroughinspacefield,China'sspacedreamtookastepcloserto_____reality.Aa;/B.theaC.a;theDthe;/近現(xiàn)實。故A正確?？键c：考查冠詞2．【山東省試驗中學2022屆高三上學期其次次模擬考試】Onyourwayhome,you’dbettergetthemedicineatchemist’s;takethepillthreetimesadayaftermeals.A、the;the B、the,/ C、/,/ D、/,the3．【山東省試驗中學2022屆高三第一次模擬考試】—Whatabout__________lectureyesterday?—Well，__________mostboringoneindeed.A.／；theB.the；aC.the;theD.／；a4．【浙江省瑞安中學2022屆高三上學期期中考試】Fromthetopofthehill,wegotaspectacular____________ofSanFranciscoBayandthecity.A.view B.scene C.scenery D.sign5．【浙江省紹興市第一中學2022屆高三上學期回頭考】“Idon’tthinkit’smy_______thattheTVblewup.Ijustturnediton.That’sall.”saidtheboy. A.errorB.mistakeC.faultD.duty【答案】C力氣拓展：6．【浙江省溫州市十校聯(lián)合體2022屆高三上學期期中聯(lián)考】TropicalStormFitowonJuly7,2021hascausedserious_______toWenzhou’seconomy.A.damage B.injury C.wound D.ruin7．【浙江省臺州市2022屆高三下學期三月第一次模擬】Afteralongdayofhardwork,myonlyistogetbackhomeandhaveagoodsleep. A.concern B.ambition C.reward D.burden8．【2022屆四川省成都市樹德中學高三3月階段性考試試題】Nowadays,_____growingnumberofChinesestudentsaregoingabroadtoseek______betterfuture.The,aB.a,theC.a,aD.the,the9．【2022屆四川省成都外國語學校高三10月月考試題】Goingonatripinto______spacemustbequite______excitingexperience.A./;the B./;an C.the;an D.the;a10．【2022屆甘肅天水一中一診】閱讀下面短文,依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,要求在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空,并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為1-10的相應位置Withthe1____________(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause2___________airpollution.

Airpollutioniscausedbythefollowing3_________:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygiveoff4__________(poison)gases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Anotherfactoristhesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoesharmtotheirhealth5__________toothers.6_________these,about10%ofairpollutioniscausedbyotherreasons.

Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight7____________pollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtotake8___________placeofgas.Wecanplantmoretrees.Ifeverybodyrealizesthe9___________(important)ofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoppollution,theproblemwill10____________(solve).自我提升：11．【2022屆四川省成都外國語學校高三2月月考試題】Peopledevelop______preferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningat______earlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.A.a;an B.a;不填C.不填;the D.the;an12．【2022屆四川省宜賓市高中一診英語試題】China’sone-childfamilypolicywhichhashadgreateffectonthelivesofaquarteroftheworld’spopulationwillcometoend.A.a;an B.不填；an C.a;the D.a;不填13．【浙江省象山一般高中2022屆高三其次次模擬】Theteacherwantshisstudentstoknowmoreaboutmodernscienceandtrieshardtodevelopa（n）___aboutnatureamonghisstudents． A．curiosity B．habit C．a(chǎn)bility D．independence14．【2022屆貴州省六校聯(lián)盟二聯(lián)考】閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或者括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為41~50的相應位置上。AlfredAlder,afamouspsychiatrist,had1interestingexperience.Whenhewasasmallboyhegotofftoapoorstartinarithmetic(算術).Histeachergottheideathathehadnoabilityinarithmetic,andtoldhisparents2shethoughtinorderthattheywouldnotexpecttoomuchofhim.Inthisway,theytoodevelopedtheidea,“Isn’t3toobadthatAlfredcan’tdoarithmetic?”Heacceptedtheirmistakenestimateofhisability,4(feel)thatitwasuselesstotry,andthathewasverypooratarithmetic,justastheyexpected.Onedayhebecameveryangryattheteacherandtheotherstudentsbecausetheylaughedwhenhesaidhesawhowtodoaproblemwhichnoneoftheotherstudentshadbeenabletosolve.Adlersucceeded5solvingtheproblem.Thisgavehim6(confident).Herejectedtheideathathecouldnotdoarithmeticandwas7(determine)toshowthemthathecould.Hisangerandhisnewfoundfaithstimulatedhimtogoatarithmeticproble