專(zhuān)題02-必修三Unit2知識(shí)梳理【牛津譯林(2020)版】

專(zhuān)題02必修三Unit2知識(shí)梳理-2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)【牛津譯林（2020）版】期末復(fù)習(xí)方向：1.重點(diǎn)詞匯詞性拓展2.重點(diǎn)單詞講解3.語(yǔ)法講解重點(diǎn)詞匯詞性拓展injurevt.傷害,使受傷;損害→injuredadj.受傷的一injuryn.傷害,損害reactv.起反應(yīng);(對(duì)…)作出反應(yīng);回應(yīng)→reactionn.反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)；抗拒；化學(xué)反應(yīng)signalvi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào),示意;標(biāo)志n.信號(hào),暗號(hào);標(biāo)志;信號(hào)燈------signalled（過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞）---------signalling（現(xiàn)在分詞）occurvi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于→過(guò)去分詞:occurred→現(xiàn)在分詞:occurring→sthoccurstosb.想法等浮現(xiàn)在某人腦海中→不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及進(jìn)行時(shí)reliefn.寬慰,輕松;減輕,消除;救濟(jì)→relievevt.使減輕destructive_adj.引起破壞(或毀滅)的，破壞(或毀滅性)的→destructv．破壞→destructionn．破壞informvt.通知；了解,熟悉→informedadj.見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的,消息靈通的shockvt.使震驚;使氣憤n.震驚,驚愕;劇烈震動(dòng)shockedadj.感到震驚的;shockingadj.令人震驚的scarevt.&vi.驚嚇,害怕n.恐慌;驚嚇→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的,嚇人的powern.電,電力；權(quán)力；政權(quán);控制力;能力;能量;力量→powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)有力的,效力大的→powerlessadj.無(wú)力的;無(wú)權(quán)的supplyn.補(bǔ)給,補(bǔ)給品;供應(yīng);供應(yīng)量→supplyanddemand供應(yīng)與需求→supply...with...向...提供某物eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→eruptionn．爆發(fā)donatevt.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)→donationn.捐贈(zèng)一donorn.捐贈(zèng)者,贈(zèng)送者curiousadj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosityn.好奇心→curiouslyadv.好奇地對(duì)……好奇preservevt.保存；保護(hù)；維護(hù);貯存,保鮮;保留n.保護(hù)區(qū)→preservationn.維護(hù)；保護(hù)；保持；保養(yǎng)importn.進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品,輸入的產(chǎn)品;輸入vt.進(jìn)口,引進(jìn)→exportn.出口產(chǎn)品,輸出的產(chǎn)品;出口,輸出vt.出口,輸出unbearableadj.難耐的，無(wú)法忍受的→bearableadj.可以忍受的→bearvt.忍受distancen．遙遠(yuǎn)，久遠(yuǎn)；距離；差異；疏遠(yuǎn)→distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的sharpadj.靈敏的;鋒利的;急劇的;明顯的;尖銳的;強(qiáng)烈的→sharplyadv.急劇地;明顯地;尖銳地;強(qiáng)烈地------sharpenv.(使)變鋒利locatevt.找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→locationn.地方；地點(diǎn)→locatedadj.位于→belocatedin位于；坐落在rescuen.＆vt.救援，營(yíng)救，搶救→rescuern.救助者→cometoone’srescue來(lái)營(yíng)救某人→rescue...from...把...從...中營(yíng)救出來(lái)retirevi.＆vt.退休，退職→retirementn.退休詞組集錦escapefrom 逃脫atlarge 整個(gè);全部holdonto 緊握incase 以防remainstill 保持不動(dòng)safeandsound 安然無(wú)恙toone’srelief 使人安心的是blowaway 吹走;驅(qū)散tiedown 約束;栓系floodin 大量的涌入Keepone’shead (在困境中)保持冷靜重點(diǎn)單詞講解injurevt.傷害,使受傷;損害→injuredadj.受傷的一injuryn.傷害,損害嚴(yán)重受傷___be/getbadly/seriouslyinjured_________傷害某人的自尊/情感___injureone'spride/feelings____Luckily,the_____injured_______(injure)weresoontakentothehospital.reactv.起反應(yīng);(對(duì)…)作出反應(yīng);回應(yīng)→reactionn.反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)；抗拒；化學(xué)反應(yīng)作為對(duì)……的反應(yīng)___inreactionto_________連鎖反應(yīng)___achainreaction_________對(duì)…起反應(yīng);對(duì)…作出回應(yīng)___reactto________反抗，反對(duì)___reactagainst________crashn.碰撞聲,破裂聲;碰撞;崩潰vi.&vt.碰撞,撞擊;崩潰撞上某物___crashintosth.________碰撞……到……上___crashsth.into.sth.________車(chē)禍____acarcrash_______signalvi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào),示意;標(biāo)志n.信號(hào),暗號(hào);標(biāo)志;信號(hào)燈示意某人做某事___signal(to)sb.todosth.____發(fā)出信號(hào)__sendoutasignal_________接收信號(hào)__receive/pickupasignal_____我媽媽在示意我將桌子移開(kāi)Mymother___issignalling(to)metoremovethetable___hugvt.擁抱，摟抱；抱緊n.擁抱；摟抱給某人一個(gè)擁抱___hugsb.=givesb.ahug________熱烈地?fù)肀橙薩___givesb.abighug_______熊抱某人__givesb.abearhug/giveabearhugtosb._________occurvi.發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);存在于→occurrencen.發(fā)生;發(fā)生的事情Itseldomoccurred____to____himtostopandenjoythescenery.Hewassooccupied.當(dāng)一些學(xué)生身上發(fā)生不愉快的事情的時(shí)候,我們的老師鼓勵(lì)他們要保持良好的心態(tài)。(occur,keepup)Whensomethingunhappyoccurstosomestudents,ourteachersencouragethemtokeepupagoodstateofmind.__reliefn.寬慰,輕松;減輕,消除;救濟(jì)→relievevt.使減輕如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣____inrelief_______做某事令人欣慰。___Itisarelieftodosth.________終于放心了！__Whatarelief!___使某人欣慰的是____toone'srelief_______informvt.通知；了解,熟悉→informedadj.見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的,消息靈通的→informationn.信息;消息;情報(bào);資料通知某人某事__informsb.ofsth.__隨時(shí)告知某人某事____keepsb.informedof/aboutsth.____與informsb.ofsth.結(jié)構(gòu)相同的短語(yǔ)還有:治好某人的病___curesb.ofsth.______使某人相信某事__convincesb.ofsth.____提醒某人某事_remindsb.ofsth__________搶某人的某物__robsbofsth_________使某人擺脫某事__ridsbofsth_________指控某人犯有…罪__accusesbofsth_____懷疑某人某事____suspectsbofsth_______shockvt.使震驚;使氣憤n.震驚,驚愕;劇烈震動(dòng)shockedadj.感到震驚的;shockingadj.令人震驚的處在震驚中____inshock___陷入休克狀態(tài)___sufferfromshock____極大的震驚___abig/greatshock____震驚某人__givesb.ashock______令某人震驚的是__toone'sshock____scarevt.&vi.驚嚇,害怕n.恐慌;驚嚇→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.恐怖的,嚇人的恐嚇某人做某事___scaresb.intodoingsth.____把……嚇跑___scare...off/away________把……嚇?biāo)繽___scare/frighten...todeath_______害怕(做)某事___bescared/frightened/afraidof(doing)sth.________害怕做某事___bescaredtodosth.________恐怖的一刻___ascarymoment________恐怖片__ascarymovie_____powern.電,電力；權(quán)力；政權(quán);控制力;能力;能量;力量→powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)有力的,效力大的→powerlessadj.無(wú)力的;無(wú)權(quán)的斷電_powerfailure___核能/風(fēng)能/太陽(yáng)能__nuclear/wind/solarpower____為某人能力所不及__beyondone'spower________在某人的能力(權(quán)力)之內(nèi)__withinone'spower___執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))____beinpower_______supplyn.補(bǔ)給,補(bǔ)給品;供應(yīng);供應(yīng)量,儲(chǔ)備v.供應(yīng),供給，提供食物/水/煤氣/電供給___food/water/gas/electricitysupply______供求關(guān)系___supplyanddemand________供給不足___inshortsupply_______一批；許多____asupplyof________為某人提供某物____supplysb.withsth./supplysth.tosb./providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.__donatevt.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)→donationn.捐贈(zèng)一donorn.捐贈(zèng)者,贈(zèng)送者向某人/某機(jī)構(gòu)捐贈(zèng)某物____donatesth.tosb./sth._______地震發(fā)生后,全世界的人向地震災(zāi)區(qū)捐款捐物。Aftertheearthquakehappened,peopleallovertheworlddonatedmoneyandmaterialstothequake-strickenareas.floodn.洪水,水災(zāi);大量vt.&vi.(被)淹沒(méi),泛濫;大量涌入；(感覺(jué)或回憶)涌上心頭,充滿(mǎn)(河水)泛濫___beinflood________大量……__afloodof..._________從……蜂擁而出__floodoutofsth._________(感覺(jué)或回憶)突然涌現(xiàn)___floodback________大量收到某物____befloodedwithsth._______curiousadj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosityn.好奇心→curiouslyadv.好奇地對(duì)……好奇好奇做某事____becuriousabout..._______……真是奇怪。__Itiscuriousthat...______喚起某人對(duì)……的好奇___arouseone'scuriosityabout...____出于好奇心_outofcuriosity_______帶著好奇心；好奇地____withcuriosity=curiously_______preservevt.保存；保護(hù)；維護(hù);貯存,保鮮;保留n.保護(hù)區(qū)→preservationn.維護(hù)；保護(hù)；保持；保養(yǎng)保護(hù)……免受__preserve...from/against(doing)sth._________為……而保存某事物__preservesth.for..._________被保存得很好___bepreservedwell________成立這個(gè)組織是為了保護(hù)瀕危物種不致滅絕。Theorganizationwassetupto_preserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.___importn.進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品,輸入的產(chǎn)品;輸入vt.進(jìn)口,引進(jìn)→exportn.出口產(chǎn)品,輸出的產(chǎn)品;出口,輸出vt.出口,輸出進(jìn)口稅_____importduty______出口許可證____anexportpermit_______從……向……出口某物____exportsth.from...to..._______beyondadv.在(或向)較遠(yuǎn)處；在另一邊prep.在(或向)更遠(yuǎn)處；超出；晚于；無(wú)法；超出……之外為某人能力所不及____beyondone'spower_______某人無(wú)權(quán)/沒(méi)有能力做某事__beyondone'spowertodosth._________某人做夢(mèng)也想不到__beyondone'swildestdreams_________難以置信的__beyondbelief_________超過(guò)限度____beyondthelimit_______超出某人的理解范圍____beyondone'scomprehension_____distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷漠的→distancen.遙遠(yuǎn)，久遠(yuǎn);距離；差異；疏遠(yuǎn)→distantlyadv.遙遠(yuǎn)地；冷漠地從遠(yuǎn)處，離一段距離___at/fromadistance________在……遠(yuǎn)的地方__atadistanceof_________在步行距離之內(nèi)__withinwalkingdistance_________(與……)保持距離___keepone'sdistance(from..)________與某人保持一定距離____keepsb.atadistance______rescuen.&vt.救援，營(yíng)救,搶救救援隊(duì)__arescueteam_________來(lái)搭救某人____cometothe/one'srescue_______從……中/處救……__rescue...from..._________幸運(yùn)的是，多虧了來(lái)救援他們的士兵，他倆都幸免于難。Fortunately,bothofthemsurvived_thankstothesoldierswhocametotheirrescue.____sharpadj.靈敏的;鋒利的;急劇的;明顯的;尖銳的;強(qiáng)烈的→sharplyadv.急劇地;明顯地;尖銳地;強(qiáng)烈地sharpenv.(使)變鋒利言語(yǔ)犀利__asharptongue____公路上的急轉(zhuǎn)彎___asharpbendintheroad____他膝蓋上的劇痛__sharppaininhisknee______"Whatdoyoumeanbythat?"Paulasked___sharply____(sharp).Anne__sharpened___(sharp)herpencilandstartedtodoherhomework.locatevt.找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置;把安置在(建造于)→locationn.地點(diǎn),位置__Located__(locate)inShandongProvince,MountTaiisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.中國(guó)位于亞洲的東部，陸地面積約為960萬(wàn)平方千米。ChinaislocatedintheeastofAsiawiththeareaofabout9,600,000squarekilometres.語(yǔ)法講解動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分。1）作主語(yǔ)Tohearfromyouisnice.Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而不定式置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。It’snicetohearfromyou.It’snoteasytobeagoodteacher.2）作賓語(yǔ) 通常用于afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,love,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,prove,refuse,seek,threaten,trouble,wait,want,wish等動(dòng)詞后面。Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.記憶口訣：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)（hope，wish，want，agree，promise）一個(gè)要求莫拒絕（demand，refuse）設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定（manage，decide）不要假裝在選擇（pretend，choose）3）作表語(yǔ)Myjobistopickupletters.Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.4）作定語(yǔ)在thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast等之后通常接不定式作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在被修飾的名詞之后：Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.Ihaveafewwordstosayonthisquestion.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義：Ihaveabooktoread.Itiseasytoread.Haveyouanythingtosend?比較：Haveyouanythingtobesent?Sheisthelasttocome.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5）作賓補(bǔ) 通常用于advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,convince,enable,encourage,expect,forbid,force,instruct,invite,order,permit,persuade,recommend,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,urge,want,warn等詞后。Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.Hewasforcedtoobeyhismother’sorder.6）作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示目的，不定式用作目的狀語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，用于句首屬于強(qiáng)調(diào)性用法，即強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞的目的。也可用于“beadj.todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Tofinishthetaskontime,wehavetoworkhard.I’mhappytohearthenews.I’msurprisedtoseehimhere.onlyto...往往表示“意想不到”的結(jié)果；neverto...可以接后續(xù)的結(jié)果。so...asto...,such...asto...,enoughto...,onlyto...以及too...to...等結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式也表結(jié)果：Herfatherdisappeared,nevertobeheardagain. Iwenttothebankonlytofinditwasclosed.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

1.作目的狀語(yǔ)。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，帶有很強(qiáng)的目的性，有時(shí)可以把(inorder)todo置于句首。而現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，目的和伴隨兼而有之。多放于句末，與主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。(Inorder)toensuresuccess,wemustmakeacompleteandthroughplan.Youshouldkeepitasecret,tryingtoprotecttheplan.2.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示意外的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示自然的結(jié)果。Hereturnedhomemanyyearslater,onlytofindthateverythinghadchanged.(意外的結(jié)果)Itrainedheavilylastnight,causingtherivertorise.(自然的結(jié)果)7）作獨(dú)立成分tobehonest,tobeginwith,tostartwith,totellyouthetruth,tomakealongstoryshortTotellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.Tobegin/startwith,let’ssingasong.Tomakealongstoryshort,hesucceededinpassingtheexam.8）不定式特殊用法用it作形式主語(yǔ)或者形式賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，將真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)釉~不定式后置。ForustolearnEnglishwellisnecessary.→ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果將句子變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句，應(yīng)使用it作形式主語(yǔ)。Towalktothestationtakestwentyminutes.→Doesittaketwentyminutestowalktothestation?9）動(dòng)詞不定式