第03講-定語(yǔ)從句(外研版2019選擇必修1)(解析版)

第03講定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法。掌握定語(yǔ)從句在閱讀寫(xiě)作的運(yùn)用。定語(yǔ)是什么？基本概念：(1)定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。(2)先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；B.必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份C,指代先行詞關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)which物或主句內(nèi)容主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)who人主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句三步曲：第一找出先行詞；第二找出定語(yǔ)從句第三看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）；結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞（先行詞）+關(guān)系代詞/副詞+定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞+不完整從句考向1：關(guān)系代詞基本用法指人時(shí)可以用who，也可用that。Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisinred?指物時(shí)可以用which，也可用that。Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.Whatdoyouthinkofthemoviethat/whichwasshownlastnight?活學(xué)活用：Ilovesingers.Singerswritetheirownsongs.改寫(xiě)：who在從句中用作主語(yǔ)。Heistheman.Imetthemanyesterday.改寫(xiě)：考向2：關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法1：先行詞是人，只能用who,不能用that的情況。指人的不定代詞做先行詞時(shí)，只能用who.Weshouldhelpanyonewhoisinneed.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，逗號(hào)與指人的先行詞隔開(kāi)的句子，只能用who.I’mLiHua,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.2：先行詞是物，只能用which，不能用that的情況。介詞+whichTherearetwochairsintheroom,bothofwhicharebroken.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，逗號(hào)與指物的先行詞隔開(kāi)的句子，只能用whichTheywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.3：先行詞是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情況。（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修飾時(shí)。1)Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2)Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.3)ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代詞時(shí)。Thegirlhandedeverythingthatshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandbooksthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?例1．1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.5.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.考點(diǎn)二：關(guān)系副詞+完整從句關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why三個(gè)，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般作狀語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞的作用關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因狀語(yǔ)例2．Thereason__________hediditisnotclear.Thereason__________hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.Iwillneverforgettheday_________Imet.Iwillneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.考點(diǎn)三：非限制性從句判斷下面兩個(gè)句子是限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Ilostallthemoneyyoulentmeyesterday.Ilostallthemoney,withoutwhichIhadtowalkhome.例3．1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

2.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

3.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.

【答案與解析】1.which分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,且從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故填which。2.who先行詞是Sarah,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)該用who。3.when由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是表示時(shí)間的mid-1980s,從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),因此填關(guān)系副詞when?？键c(diǎn)四：介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whomThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,allofwhomareverykindtohim.例4．【針對(duì)練習(xí)】1.

Doyoulikethebook___________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook___________shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook___________shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook______________sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope______________hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_____________standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_____________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.11.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.12.Istillremembertheday________IfirstgottoParis.答案：1.onwhich2.forwhich3.fromwhich4.aboutwhich5.throughwhichonwhich7.ofwhich8.onwhich9.towhom10.ofwhichwithwhich12.onwhich1.(2022年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____65____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.【答案】that考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：該計(jì)劃旨在為生活在GiantPandaRange的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞等于關(guān)系詞，設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語(yǔ)，先行詞為species，且先行詞前為all修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。2.(2022年全國(guó)甲卷)Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.【答案】who考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8歲時(shí)因一次車(chē)禍?zhǔn)鞯哪凶硬苁⒖荡┻^(guò)了三個(gè)省的40個(gè)城市和縣。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知，此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為CaoShengkang，指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。3.(2021新高考Ⅰ,39)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumopenedin1759.

【答案】which/that4.(2021課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ,63)Becausethemoonsbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

【答案】where5.(2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ,61)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.

【答案】whose6.(2020江蘇,21)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromstudentscanchooseforfree.

【答案】which7.(2020天津,6)Dr.Rowan,secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

【答案】whose8.(2021·北京市·期末考試)Itwasallhappeningtooquickly,

???????mademanypeoplefeelnervous.9.(2021·北京市·期末考試)Theuniversity,

manytopstudentsstudy,iscuttingitsenrollmentinhalfnextterm.10.(2023·安徽省·單元測(cè)試)Someoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.11.(2022·全國(guó)·月考試卷)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.12.(2020·全國(guó)·模擬題)Mygrandmawasbornatatime______mobilephoneswerenoteveninpeople'simaginations.13.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild14.Accordingtohistorians,therehasn'tbeenacountrywithsuchalargepopulationinhumanhistory______hasmadesuchprofoundchangesandimprovementswithinsuchashortspanoftime.15.(2022·江蘇省南京市·期末考試)Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod．8.【答案】which【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】句意：一切發(fā)生得太快，這使許多人感到緊張。分析結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞which.故填：which.9.【答案】where【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】句意：這所大學(xué)有許多尖子生在那里學(xué)習(xí)，下學(xué)期將減半招生。分析結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞university在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示在這個(gè)大學(xué)里，用關(guān)系副詞where.故填：where.10.【答案】which【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】句意：一些道路被淹，這使我們的旅程變得更加困難。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且先行詞為前面整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。11.【答案】when【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】句意：我有時(shí)間和我的孩子們一起度過(guò)一天的時(shí)候很少見(jiàn)。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是occasions，定語(yǔ)從句中不缺成分，缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故填when。12.【答案】when【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處需填入一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；本句中先行詞time表時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，故填when。13.【答案】where【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】句意：在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到了他小時(shí)候長(zhǎng)大的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。本句是關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是thesmalltown，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于inthesmalltown。故填where。14.【答案】which/that【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句、關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞country，指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which/that。故填which/that。15.【答案】as【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【解析】句意：正如人們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是在生命的第一年進(jìn)行的，所以在那個(gè)時(shí)期父母應(yīng)該多跟孩子說(shuō)話。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為一個(gè)句子（Alotoflanguagelearningishappening…），先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，常用as作主語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般用which作主語(yǔ)。故填as。語(yǔ)法填空InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysinarushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.____1____theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeat____2____costforthem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm（算法）.Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life____3____（situation）,suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,____4____（put）notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedandaskedtheplatformstoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.____5____response,Elemeannounceditwouldaddabuttontotheapp,____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore____7____（heat）debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiCustomerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould____8____（settle）betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability____9____（allow）moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot_____10_____（full）addresstheproblems.Although/Though/While2.a3.situations4.putting5.In6.which7.heated8.besettled9.toallow10.fully【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述快遞員由于受平臺(tái)時(shí)間限制經(jīng)常違反交通規(guī)則，威脅自己和他人的生命，許多人批評(píng)并要求快遞平臺(tái)完善規(guī)則，Eleme宣布將在應(yīng)用程序中添加一個(gè)按鈕，允許用戶延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間限制，引起更多熱議。1.考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然他們使我們的生活更方便，但他們要付出很大代價(jià)。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞，故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While。2.考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：同上。分析句子可知，短語(yǔ)atacost，意為“以......為代價(jià)”，根據(jù)句意，故填a。3.考查名詞。句意：但它沒(méi)有考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的情況，如紅燈和限速。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為consider的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞，描述的是各種現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填situations。4.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：所以他們加速，經(jīng)常違反交通規(guī)則，不僅把自己的生命置于危險(xiǎn)之中，也把他人的生命置于危險(xiǎn)之中。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，作狀語(yǔ)，和主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用put的現(xiàn)在分詞，故填putting。5.考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：作為回應(yīng)，Eleme宣布將在應(yīng)用程序中添加一個(gè)按鈕，允許用戶延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間限制。短語(yǔ)inresponse，意為“作為回應(yīng)”，根據(jù)句意，故填I(lǐng)n。6.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞，指代前面的句子，故填which。7.考查形容詞。句意：但這引發(fā)了更激烈的爭(zhēng)論，因?yàn)橐恍┤苏J(rèn)為該公司分散了人們的注意力。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處修飾名詞，應(yīng)用heat的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填heated。8.考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：上?？蛻魠f(xié)會(huì)評(píng)論說(shuō)，此舉不合理，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，問(wèn)題應(yīng)該在公司和員工之間解決。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)，接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填besettled。9.考查不定式。句意：此外，即使有能力允許更多的時(shí)間投遞，一些用戶認(rèn)為這不能完全解決問(wèn)題。theabilitytodosth“有做某事的能力”，故填toallow。10.考查副詞。句意：同上。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞address，應(yīng)用full的副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，故填fully。單句填空11.Hewrotealongletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.

12.WearehopingforsupportfromMrWebster,withoutsupportwecan’tmakeit.

13.SomeoftheteachersatthecollegeaskedDrNaismithtoinventagamecanbeplayedindoors.

14.SierraLeoneisacountrybasichealthfacilitiesarelackingandmanypeoplearestrugglingwithpoverty.

15.Thosemotorcycles,ahugeumbrellaisfixed,areahugethreattopeoplewalkinginthestreet.

16.I’msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier,for,Imustsay,Iapologize.

17.Almosteveryteenagerwillexperienceaperiodintheirlifetheyaren’tcontentwiththeirparents.

18.Oncetherelivedarichmanwantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.

19.We’vereachedtheNullaborPlainstretchesfor1,000kmandiscompletelyflat.

20.Withoutthinkingtoomuchaboutit,IwenttotheStudentAffairsOffice,IknewIcouldfindclothesinthe“LostandFound”box.

11.where先行詞是letter,從句意思完整,不缺少成分,所以此處填關(guān)系副詞where,表示“在信中”。12.whose先行詞是MrWebster,作support的定語(yǔ),所以用whose。13.that/which先行詞為game,關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),且指物,故用that或which引導(dǎo)。14.where先行詞為country,關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故答案為where。15.where先行詞為motorcycles,關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where引導(dǎo),表示“在摩托車(chē)上”。16.which從句中Imustsay為插入語(yǔ),可忽略不計(jì)。分析定語(yǔ)從句可知,關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞for的賓語(yǔ),故答案為which。17.when先行詞為period,將先行詞代入從句后為“Theyarentcontentwiththeirparentsinaperiod.”。由此可見(jiàn),關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故答案為when。18.who根據(jù)設(shè)空處前后的結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知,空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾man,由于先行詞指人且從句缺少主語(yǔ),故用who。19.which/that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處后面的句子是NullaborPlain的定語(yǔ),所填詞引導(dǎo)該從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ),先行詞表示物,故用which或that。20.where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的theStudentAffairsOffice,從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填where。不同語(yǔ)境中長(zhǎng)難句定語(yǔ)從句的使用邀請(qǐng)信I‘mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinahikingorganizedbyme，whichsomeofourclassmateswilltakepartin.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你參加下周六在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂(lè)節(jié)。仿寫(xiě)：____________________________________________________________________________________________申請(qǐng)信1IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit,whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________我英語(yǔ)很熟練，這使得我與外國(guó)人自由交談成為可能。仿寫(xiě)：____________________________________________________________________________________________申請(qǐng)信2I'mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)所提供的職位。仿寫(xiě)：____________________________________________________________________________________________通知1(1)ThemovieGrowingTogether,whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2:00to4：00intheafternoononJune17th.翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________________