2020年英語真題和答案

2020研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試試題（英語二）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordfs)fareachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(1()points).

Beingagoodparentisofcoursewhateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwha

titmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery_1_,particularlysincechildrenrespond

differentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-fbllowingchildmightrespondbetter

toadifferentsortofparentingthan,_2_,ayoungersibling.

―3_,there'sanothersortofparentthat'sabiteasierto_4_:apatientparent.Childre

nofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,_5_everyparentwouldliketobepat

ient,thisisnoeasy_6—.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunablet

omaintaina_7_andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan_8—youjustalittletoofar.Andth

enthe_9_happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomething

thatwasabittoo_10—anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould_11—theclo

ckandstartover.We'veallbeenthere.

_12—,eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemome

ntoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay_13—fbralongtime.This

maynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso_14_yourchild'ss

elf-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour_15_withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodeling

alackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe_1

6_ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefbrtheyoungergeneration,thisisaskillthatwillhe

Ipthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotional

controlwhen_17_bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.

Certainly,it'sincredibly_18—tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Am

orepracticalgoalistotrytothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyo

ucanwhenfacedwith_19—situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:A

saresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand_20_from

stressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.

1.A.pleasantB.tediousC.trickyD.instructive

2.A.forexampleB.inadditionC.atonceD.byaccident

3.A.EventuallyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Fortunately

4.A.amuseB.describeC.assistD.train

5.A.onceB.becauseC.unlessD.while

6.A.taskB.answerC.choiceD.access

7.A.formalB.tolerantC.rigidD.critical

8.A.moveB.pushC.dragD.send

9.A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.inevitableD.suspicious

10.A.boringB.harshC.naiveD.vague

11.A.takeapartB.turnbackC.setasideD.coverup

12.A.OverallB.InsteadC.OtherwiseD.However

13.A.believeB.missC.regretD.like

14.A.affectB.raiseC.justifyD.reflect

15.A.bondB.timeC.coolD.race

16.A.natureB.secretC.contextD.importance

17.A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confrontedD.confused

18.A.hardB.terribleC.strangeD.wrong

19.A.excitingB.changingC.surprisingD.trying

20.A.emergeB.hideC.withdrawD.escape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Mark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycan

identifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-living

beings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhether

ratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial-forfour

days.Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewith

wheelstomovearoundandcolourfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesame

toys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymoved

forwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytorelease

thembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyon

averagetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthe

socialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseit

displayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetter

rememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,

saysQuinn."Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,

includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocity-wherearatwillhelpanotherratthathas

previouslyhelpedthem,"saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.

Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels."We'd

assumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeit

smelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'tnecessary,“saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandin

Australia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.

Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonly

simplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsare

too,"saysWiles.

21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.

A.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

B.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

C.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellows

22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

A.Itplayedwithsometoys.

B.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

C.Itmovedaroundalone.

D.Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.

A.expectedittodothesameinreturn

B.consideredthataninterestinggame

C.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

D.triedtopracticeameansofescape

24,JanetWilesnotesthatrats.

A.respondmoretoactionsthantolooks

B.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

C.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

D.canrememberotherrats*facialfeatures

.IAtcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.

Bappeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

caremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

D.behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup--toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkers

onaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,

byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnow

makesabout$18.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentina

worldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica's

highest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snot

populartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheir

gamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.

Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeing

ableto"runthecompany/'CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhow

thecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheir

predecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlarge

Americancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossa

largernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.

Plus,vinuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,oftenwiththeirown

researchanddevelopment.Andbeyondthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-daywork

theyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn*texplainhistory

verywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussince

the1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhigh

andrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesfbr

increasinglytoughjobs.

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsider

picks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestof

thecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stock

prices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfbrtheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

A.Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms.

B.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies.

C.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy.

D.Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessor,today'sCEOsarerequiredto.

A.establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

B.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

C.financemoreresearchanddevelopment

D.fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite.

A.continualinternalopposition

B.conservativebusinessstrategies

C.repeatedgovernmentwarnings

D.strictcorporategovernance

29HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps.

A.confirmthestatusofCEOs

B.increasecorporatevalue

C.boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

D.motivateinsidecandidates.

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

A.CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

B.CEOPay:PastandPresent

C.CEOsAreNotOverpaid

D.CEOs'ChallengesofToday

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthguidinglightlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitious

restrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservative

citycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibletermination.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacenterpieceofhiselection

campaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecision

tostoplevyingfines,orderingthemrestored.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone*sfuturelooks

uncertainatbest.

Madrid'sbackandforthoncleanairisapointedreminderofthelimitstothepatchwork,

city-by-cityapproachthatcharacteriseseffortsonairpollutionacrossEurope,Britainverymuch

included.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheir

ownarepoliticallycontroversial,andthereforevulnerable.That'sbecausetheyinevitablyputthe

costsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers---whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles-rather

thanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.It'snothard

toimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikely

tobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorth

andSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefar

largernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusing

theleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents1healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.The

zonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealth

benefits.

Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyone

cityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments-Britain'sandothersacrossEurope-have

failedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres,“schoolstreets",

evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexisting

regulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance,Waleshasintroduced

speciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.We'redoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturers

cleanuptheircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?

A.Itseffectsarequestionable.

B.Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.

C.Itsfateisyettobedecided.

D.Itneedstougherenforcement.

32.Whatisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?

A.Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

B.Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

C.Theyaredeemedtoomildbypoliticians.

D.Theyputtheburdenonindividualmotorists

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill.

A.arousestrongresistance

B.ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess

C.improvethecity'straffic

D.discouragecarmanufacturing

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?

A.Localresidents.

B.Mayors.

C.Councillors.

D.Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

A.willraiselow-emissioncarproduction.

B.shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations.

C.willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

D.shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring-themost

commonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear-the

attentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforwork

inalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout

17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurvey

conductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhow

thepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebefore

them.

If"entitled"isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thoseborn

between1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingto

thecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economic

pragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhatan

economictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,when

manyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren'tinterestedintakingany

chances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerational

senseofanxiousurgency,especiallyfbrthosewhohavecollegedebt.Collegeloanbalancesinthe

U.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.

OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheir

majorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareer

officefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment

(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityor

stabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedby

asenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.

Thafsabigchangefromthepreviousgeneration."Millennialswantedmoreflexibilityintheir

lives,"notesTanyaMichelsen,AssociateDirectorofYouthSight,aUK-basedbrandmanagerthat

conductsregular60-daysurveysofBritishyouth,infindingsthatmightjustaswellapplyto

Americanyouth."GenerationZsarelookingformorecertaintyandstability,becauseoftheriseof

thegigeconomy.Theyhavetroubleseeingafinancialfutureandtheyarequiteriskaverse.'1

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring..

A.arerecognizedfortheirabilities

B.areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

C.areinfavorofofficejoboffers

D.aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.

A.whattheirparentsexpectofthem

B.howvaluableacounselor'sadviceis

C.whatatougheconomicsituationislike

D.howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

38.Theword“assuage”(Line9,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto..

A.deepen

B.define

C.maintain

D.relieve

39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs..

A.givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

B.haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejobs

C.carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

D.thinkithardtoachievework-lifebalance

40.Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare..

A.lessadventurous

B.lessrealistic

C.moregenerous

D.morediligent

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthe

listA-Gforeachofnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudo

notneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

B.Putonagoodface,always.

C.Tailoryourinteractions.

D.Spendtimewitheveryone.

E.Reveal,don'thide,information.

F.Slowdownandlisten.

GPutyourselvesinothers1shoes.

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOffice

Isitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15

people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.You

workwiththemeveryday,andyoudependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomeways

thatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyourside.

41._________________________________________

Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrytostaytight-lipped

aroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfound

thatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowerefrankaboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethose

whohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonisnotthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,

butrather,whengiventheoptiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforpainstakinglyconcealthem,

youshouldjustbehonest.

42.________________________________________

JustasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothersWeoftenfeelthe

needtotellothershowwefeel,whetherifsaconcernaboutaproject,astraythought,ora

compliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketimetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,

rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon'tvaluetheiropinions.

Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,back-and-fbrthconversation,ratherthanprioritizing

yourownthoughts.

43.________________________________________

It'scommontohavea“cubiclemate"orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.Butinadditionto

thosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindoutaboutallthepeoplearound

you.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwithcolleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findout

abouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthejob.Itrequiresminimaleffbnandgoesalongway.This

willhelptogrowyourinternalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.

44._________________________________________

Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobesomeone'sbossto

tellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.Thiswillhelpengendergoodwillin

others.Butdon'toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbestto

commentsthatshiftedfromnegativetopositive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwon

somebodyover.

45._________________________________________

Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwaytoachievingresults.

Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefromaninteraction.Watchoutfor

howtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmalltalkinameetingbeforedigginginto

imponantmatters,whileothersaremorestraightforward,jokesthatworkononepersonwon't

necessarilylandwithanother.So,adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthat

you'redealingwithinadvanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesiredoutcome.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWER

SHEET,(15points)

It'salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindoffailure.But,

thewonderfulthingaboutfailureisthatit'sentirelyuptoustodecidehowtolookatit.

Wecanchoosetoseefailureas"theendoftheworld."Or,wecanlookatfailureasthein

crediblelearningexperiencethatitoftenis.Everytimewefailatsomething,wecanchoose

tolookfbrthelessonweTemeanttolearn.Theselessonsareveryimportant;they'rehow

wegrow,andhowwekeepfrommakingthatsamemistakeagain.Failuresstopusonlyif

weletthem.Failurecanalsoteachusthingsaboutourselvesthatwewouldneverhavelear

nedotherwise.Forinstance,failurecanhelpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.Fail

ingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelpyoufindunexpectedmot

ivationtosucceed.

SectionIVWriting

47.Directions:Supposeyouareplanningatourofahistoricalsiteforagroupofinternational

students.Writethemanemailto

l)tellthemaboutthesite,and

2)givethemsometipsfbrthetour

Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsontheanswersheet.

Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing“instead.(10points)

48.Directions:

Writeanessayofnolessthan15()words.Youaresupposedto

1)Describethegraph,and

2)Drawaconclusion.

某高校學生手機閱讀目的調(diào)查

■學習版識