05（科技部重組人工智能讀取大腦常溫超導(dǎo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌）-沖刺2023年中考英語時事熱點必讀（解析版）2

2023年中考英語必讀時事熱點(5)文章導(dǎo)讀一、閱讀理解：中國重組科學(xué)技術(shù)部，大力支持基礎(chǔ)研究二、閱讀理解：直播教室畫面引熱議。三、閱讀理解：全球熱議的“常溫超導(dǎo)體”到底是什么？四、閱讀理解：人工智能讀取大腦，重現(xiàn)你所見。五、閱讀回答問題：你也在用社交媒體搜索信息嗎？六、閱讀理解：談網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌及心里因素。七、書面表達:真誠的朋友是我們?nèi)松飞系囊槐K燈.講述一位好友的故事。一、閱讀理解Math,physics,chemistry...thesesubjectsmightoftengetyoufrustratedasthey’renoteasytolearn.However,theyareveryimportant.Basicresearchfocusesonthesesubjectsandmore.ChinaannouncedplansonMarch10toreorganize(重組)theMinistryofScienceandTechnology,makingitbettersupportbasicsciences.Aftertheplaniscarriedout,theministrywilltakeonkeydutiessuchasmanagingthenation’sbasicresearch,Statelaboratoriesandbigscientificprojects.

ThisisinlinewithChina’sgreateremphasis(重視)onbasicresearchinrecentyears.Chinahasdoubleditsspendingonbasicresearchoverthepastfiveyears,accordingtothisyear’sGovernmentWorkReport.Basicresearchprovidesthebasefordevelopingnewtechnologies,productsandservicesthatbenefiteconomicdevelopmentandpeople’slives.Forexample,progressinphysicshasledtomanytechnologicalinnovations,includinglasersandGPSsystems.“Withoutbreakthroughsinbasicsciences,therewon’tbeapplications(應(yīng)用),”ShenRenfang,thedirectoroftheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofSoilScience,toldChinaDaily.However,Chinaisfacingkeybottleneck(瓶頸)challengesinfieldssuchastheintegratedcircuit(集成電路)andartificialintelligence.That’sbecauseitlacks(缺乏)somebasicresearchneededtosolvekeyscientificproblems.Inthefuture,theministrywillmakeuseofresources(資源)acrossthecountryandfocusonsolvingkeybottleneckproblems.ThiswillhelpChinamovefastertowardgreaterself-reliance(自立)inscienceandtechnology.1.Fromthearticle,weknowthat_________doesn’tbelongtobasicsciencesubject.A.mathB.physicsC.chemistryD.history2.WhydoesourgovernmentplantoreorganizetheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,A.Toimprovethequalityofoureducation.B.ToincreaseeducationfundsC.Topaymoreattentiontothestudyofbasicscience.D.Toimprovepeople'sawarenessofscienceandtechnology3.Whatdothefourth,fifthandsixthmainlyparagraphstalkabout?A.Theimportanceofbasicresearch.B.Weshouldbreakthroughsomebottlenecks.C.Chinaisfacingagreatchallenge.D.integratedcircuitandartificialintelligenceareourbottlenecks.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.ThenewministrywilltakeonStatelaboratoriesandbigscientificprojects.B.Withoutdoublingthespendingonbasicresearch,therewon’tbescienceimprovement.C.integratedcircuitandartificialintelligenceareourbottlenecksatthepresent.D.Thenewministrywillbehelpfultosolveourkeybottleneckproblems.【答案】DCAB【解析】本文著重介紹中國政府重組科學(xué)技術(shù)部的原因。1.D細節(jié)理解題。從文中提到的科目可知物理，化學(xué)，數(shù)學(xué)都是基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)學(xué)科。歷史沒有提及，答案選D2.C細節(jié)理解題。從第二段makingitbettersupportbasicsciences.和ThisisinlinewithChina’sgreateremphasis(重視)onbasicresearchinrecentyears可知重組科學(xué)技術(shù)部重要是加強基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科的學(xué)習。答案選C3.A主旨大意題。從三個方面介紹基礎(chǔ)研究的重要性。一是，為新技術(shù)發(fā)展提供了基礎(chǔ)，二是，沒有基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的突破就沒有新的應(yīng)用，三是，解決中國瓶頸問題需要基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)。4.B細節(jié)理解題。從第二段敘述中可知A正確。B的敘述與原文不相符。從倒數(shù)第二段敘述可知C正確。從最后一段敘述可知D正確。二、閱讀理解Alivestreamingplatform(直播平臺)oncetriedtobroadcast(播出)classroomsituationslive,includingstudentshavingclassesorself-studying.Itraisedaheateddiscussion.Herearesomestudents’opinions.StudentA:

Iagreewithit.WhenIwatchedthevideos,Isawsomecommentsfromadultslike“Itremindsmeofmyschoollife”and“Iadmirethewaytheyfocusonstudying.Iwanttogobacktomyschooltime.”Itistruethatweshouldhaveourprivacy(隱私)butthelivestreamingshowremindsadultsoftheirwonderfulmemoriesofschool.It’sagoodthing.StudentB:

Isupporttheidea.Students’parentscanseewhattheyaredoingatschool.Itwillhelpthemknowtheirchildrenbetter.What’smore,Ithinkifstudentsknowtheyareonaliveshow,theywillbehavethemselves.Teacherswilltrytomaketheirclassesmoreinteresting.StudentC:

Inmyopinion,it’sbadtoshowstudents’performancesintheclassroomontheinternet.It’saviolation(侵犯)ofprivacy.Notonlycantheparentsofthesekidswatchitontheircomputersormobilephones,butalsootherpeopleinsociety.It’sasafetythreat(威脅),becausebadpeoplemaymakeuseofthevideosillegally(非法地)andhurtthesestudents.StudentD:

Thisactdoesn’trespectstudents.Throughthelivebroadcast,peopleacrossthecountrycanseethestudents’actswithoutthosestudentsevenknowingaboutit.Ifitisanopenclassandtheschoolhasgotthestudents’permission(允許),itwillbefine.Butnowitseemsthattheplatformisdirectlyputtingthevideosontheinternetwithoutpermission,whichisnotappropriate(合適的).

1.Howmanystudentsclearlysupportthelivestream?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.2.Withthelivestream,studentBthinksthat_____.A.studentswillvaluetheirschoollifemoreB.teachersdon’tneedtomonitortheclassroomC.parentswillknowtheirkidsbetterD.studentsmightfeelverystressed

3.Whichstudentthinksthatthevideosmightbeusedinabadway?A.StudentAB.StudentBC.StudentCD.StudentD4.WhatrightdoesstudentDthinklivestreamingviolates?A.Therighttofreedomofexpression.B.Therighttoeducation.C.Therighttoequality.D.Therighttoprivacy.【答案】BCCD【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，討論學(xué)生對課堂直播的看法。1.B細節(jié)理解題。通讀全文，studentA和studentB支持課堂直播。答案選B2.C細節(jié)理解題。從Students’parentscanseewhattheyaredoingatschool.Itwillhelpthemknowtheirchildrenbetter.可知答案選C3.C從studentC的觀點中It’sasafetythreat(威脅),becausebadpeoplemaymakeuseofthevideosillegally(非法地)andhurtthesestudents.答案選C4.D推理判斷題。Throughthelivebroadcast,peopleacrossthecountrycanseethestudents’actswithoutthosestudentsevenknowingaboutit，通過直播，整個國家人都能看見學(xué)生的行為并且不知，沒有經(jīng)過學(xué)生允許將視頻放在平臺上，是不合時宜的?？芍`反學(xué)生的隱私權(quán)。答案選D三、閱讀理解Imaginetryingtorunthroughafield,buttherearealotofthingsinyourway.Youhavetoslowdowntogetthrough.Butifthefieldiscleared,youcouldrunasfastasyouwant.

Thisishowelectricitygoesthroughasuperconductor(超導(dǎo)體).Whileinnormalconductorstheelectrons(電子)maycomeacrossmanyotherparticles(粒子),theyhaveaclearpathinasuperconductor.Thismeanstheelectricitycantravelwithnoresistance(電阻)inasuperconductorandwastesnoenergy.

Recently,scientistssaidtheyhadcreatedasuperconductorthatcanworkatroomtemperature.Ifproventrue,itcouldbecomeoneofthe“greatestscientificachievementsofthe21stcentury”,wrotePhysicsmagazine.

Thefirstsuperconductorwasdiscoveredin1911byDutchscientistHeikeOnnes.Hefoundthatmercury(汞)cooledto-269Cwouldloseallresistancetoelectricity.Sincethen,scientistshavebeentryingtousesuperconductorsindifferentareas.

Onecoolestuseisinthemaglev(磁懸浮的)trains.Themagneticfields(磁場)andsuperconductorinteract(相互作用),creatingaforcethatpushesthemagnetup.

Butcurrently,thesuperconductoronlyworkswhenthetemperatureisverylow.Itmeansthepriceishighanditcannotbewidelyused.Thenewstudy,donebyscientistsfromtheUniversityofRochester,US,createdthesuperconductorwithhydrogen(氫),nitrogen(氮)andlutetium(镥)at21C.Itstillrequiredapressureofabout10,000timesthatofEarth’satmosphere.Butthat’sfarlowerthanthepressuretypicallyrequiredforsuperconductors.Ifthisnewmaterialcanbeusedinthecitygrid(電網(wǎng)),“alotofenergycanbesaved,”saidLuoHuiqianattheChineseAcademyofSciences.Themaglevtrainswouldbecomefaster,reaching800to1000kilometersperhour.Thematerialcouldalsoleadtofastercomputers,andthusdevelopmentinAIandotherareasthatneedfastcomputing.1.Whatisasuperconductor?A.Itallowselectricitytoflowwithnoresistance.B.Itisthewireweusetotransmitelectricity.C.Itisaconductorwithhighresistancetoelectricity.D.Itisadeviceusedtocoolmercuryto-269C.2.Whyisitdifficulttowidelyusesuperconductorscurrently?A.Becausetheycanreleasehighairpressure.B.Becausetheyonlyworkatthetemperatureof21C.C.Becausetheycanproducelotsofheat.D.Becausetheyworkonlyinlowtemperatures.3.Theunderlined“it”inParagraph6refersto_____.A.themaglevtrainB.thecurrentsuperconductorC.thefirstsuperconductorD.thenewlyfoundmaterial4.Comparedtothecurrentsuperconductor,thenewoneinthestudy_____.a.canworkatahighertemperatureb.costslesstoproducec.requiresmuchlowerairpressured.needsfewermaterialstoproduceA.abB.bcC.acD.bd5.Iftheroom-temperaturesuperconductorcomestrue,_____.A.wewon’tlackelectricityanymoreB.technologiesinmanyareascanbeimprovedC.themaglevtrainswillmovewithoutresistanceD.thetransmissionofelectricitycanbemomentary【答案】ADBBB【解析】本文介紹超導(dǎo)的發(fā)展情況。1.細節(jié)理解題。通過第一段的描述，和第二段Thismeanstheelectricitycantravelwithnoresistance(電阻)inasuperconductorandwastesnoenergy.可知答案選A2.D細節(jié)理解題。第六段

Butcurrently,thesuperconductoronlyworkswhenthetemperatureisverylow.Itmeansthepriceishighanditcannotbewidelyused.但目前，超導(dǎo)體只有在溫度非常低的情況下才能工作。這意味著價格很高，不能廣泛使用。答案選D3.B字義猜測題。It指代前文的當前的超導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象。答案選B。4.B細節(jié)理解題。從第六段Butthat’sfarlowerthanthepressuretypicallyrequiredforsuperconductors.可知c正確。從前文敘述普通超導(dǎo)花費高，可判斷這種超導(dǎo)成本要低些。答案選B5.Ｂ細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段敘述，磁浮列車，電腦，人工智能技術(shù)都會得到提高可知答案選B四、閱讀理解Haveyoueverwantedtoseeyourdreamsafteryouwokeup?Artificialintelligence(AI)technologymayhelpyoudothisinthenearfuture!ResearchersfromOsakaUniversityinJapanhavetrainedanAIsystemtorecreateimages(重現(xiàn)圖片)inpeople’sheads.ThepicturesAIhascreatedincludeateddybear,anairplaneandaclocktower.Thetechnologyis80percentaccurate(準確的),reportedSciencemagazine.Previously(之前)therehavebeenAImodelsthatcanturnawordorphraseintoimages.TheAIhasstudiedlotsofimagesandtheirtextdescriptions.Overtime,theAIcanfindpatternsandrecreatepicturesifyoufirstinput(輸入)text.Thistime,theresearcherstookastepfurther.TheytrainedtheAItolinkpeople’sbrainscandata(掃描數(shù)據(jù))withimages.Theyaskedfourpeopletolookat10,000differentimages,andlettheAIfindpatternsofbloodflowinthebrain.Thenthepatternscanberelatedtotheimages.

Ifpeoplelookedatanairplane,theAIwouldusethebrainscandatatocreateanimageofaverycloudyairplane.Then,itwouldturnontheprevious“text-to-image”model.Byfeedingthekeyword“airplane”,theAIwouldimprovetheimageandmakeitmorereal.“It’sanewmethodthatcombinestextualandvisualinformationto‘decipher(破譯)thebrain’,”ArielGoldsteinfromPrincetonUniversitytoldSciencemagazine.Researcherssaidthetechnologycouldsomedayhelppeoplewithparalysis(癱瘓)tocommunicate.Itmightalsohelpscientistsunderstanddreamsorevenhowotheranimalsseetheworld.

1.WhatdoweknowabouttheAIsystemmentionedinParagraph2?A.Itcanhelptrainpeople’sminds.B.Itwascreatedfordrawingpeople’sheads.C.Itcanrecreatepicturesinpeople’sheads.D.Itcanfullypresentpeople’sdreams.

2.HowdidthepreviousAImodelsturnphrasesintoimages?A.Bydrawingpicturesaccordingtousers’orders.B.Byunderstandingthemeaningofthewords.C.Byfindingdifferentphotosfromtheinternet.D.Byfindingpatternsinimagesandtheirtextdescriptions.

3.WhatistheworkingprocessofthenewAIsystem?A.relatewithimage→scanbloodflow→improvethetext→turnintotheimageB.relatewithimage→turnintotext→scanbloodflow→improvetheimageC.scanbloodflow→relatewithimage→turnintotext→improvetheimageD.scanbloodflow→turnintotext→relatewithimage→improvetheimage

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howtoknowthewayanimalsseetheworld.B.Howpeoplewithparalysistalkwithothers.C.WhatthenewAItechnologycouldbeusedfor.D.HowAItechnologyaffectspeople’sdreams.【答案】CDAC【解析】１細節(jié)理解題。ResearchersfromOsakaUniversityinJapanhavetrainedanAIsystemtorecreateimagesinpeople＇sheads.答案選C２．細節(jié)理解題。從.TheAIhasstudiedlotsofimagesandtheirtextdescriptions.可知答案選D３.細節(jié)理解題。通讀第四段和第五段。先是將大腦數(shù)據(jù)與圖像關(guān)聯(lián)起來，掃描血流，。。。答案選A４.主旨題。這一段主要介紹這一技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。答案選C五、閱讀回答問題Recently,aDouyininfluencer(網(wǎng)紅)named“Xiaozhangtheworker”wentviral(走紅)becauseofher“How-to”videoseries.Inthevideos,sheteachesthemostbasiclifeskills,suchashowtoseeaconcertandhowtotakethesubway.Shehasquicklygainedover2millionfollowersonDouyin.Insomeway,therisingpopularityof“How-to”videosmirrorsthefactthatyoungpeople’ssearchhabitshavechanged.They’reincreasinglyturningtosocialmediaplatforms(平臺)likeDouyinandBilibiliforinformation.

LiZhouzi,a14-year-oldfromShanxi,likestosearchonBilibili.Shesaidthatbydoingthis,shegetsinformationmorequicklyandeasily.Forexample,whenusingtraditionalsearchengines(搜索引擎)foraconcept(概念)ofphysics,shewouldalwaysloseherwayinaseaofhard-to-getterms.Instead,videosbycreatorsonBilibilicanofferdetailed(詳細的)explanationsthatareoftenclearerthanthoseshecanfindelsewhere.Beingabletoformlinkswithrealpeoplecanalsogivesearchersastrongsenseoftrust.HuTianisa13-year-oldgirlfromSichuan.Shelikessearchingforhowtodoresin-dripping(滴膠)onXiaohongshu,alifestyle-sharingplatform.Shecanseenoteswithphotosandtextspostedbypeoplewhoalsohavealikingforit.“Itrustthemmorethansomerandomcomments(隨機的評論)fromunknownpeopleonsearchengines,”shesaid.

LikeHu,manyGenZerssearchforlightertopicsonsocialmediaplatforms.Meanwhile,theyleavetheheaviertopicstotraditionalsearchengines.ZhouYaokai,aSenior3studentfromSichuanisoneofthem.Whenforminghispersonalopinionsonheatedtopics,hepreferstoturntoofficialwebsitesoforganizationsorwell-thought-ofmediasources.“Inthisway,theinformationcanbethemostreliable(可靠的),”hesaid.

1.Howdid“Xiaozhangtheworker”goviral?

2.Whattrenddoesthepopularityof“How-to”videosreflect?

3.WhydidLiZhouzifindtraditionalsearchengineshardtouse?

4.What’simportanttoHuTianwhensearchingforinformation?

5.WhendoesZhouYaokaiusetraditionalsearchengines?【答案】1.ByteachingbasiclifeskillsthroughvideosonDouyin.2.Nowyoungpeopleareturningtosocialmediaplatformsforinformation.3.Becauseittakesmoretimetofindclearanddetailedanswersonthem.4.Thelinkandtrustbetweenherandtheinformationprovider.5.Whenhelooksforinformationaboutheaviertopicsonthem.六、閱讀理解Ataneventmarkingthe100-daycountdowntothegaokaoheldinlateFebruary,astudentgaveaspeechtomotivateherschoolmates.However,afterthevideoofthespeechwaspostedonline,someviewersleftoffensive(冒犯的)comments,attackingherappearance.

Fortunately,asofFeb28,116postshadbeendeletedand87accountshadbeensuspended(暫停)duetotheirattacksonthegirl,accordingtoSinaWeibo.Whydopeoplecyberbully?Bydefinition,cyberbullyingreferstotheactofpostingmean-spirited(刻薄的)messagesaboutaperson–sometimeswithoutthedirectintentionofinsulting(侮辱)others,accordingtoVeryWellMindwebsite.Thescapegoat(替罪羊)theorymaybeoneexplanation.Peopletendtoblamesomeoneelsefortheirownproblems.Bydoingthis,theytrytokeepapositiveviewofthemselves.Forexample,whenapersonishavingahardtimeatwork,heorsheismorelikelytobeangrywhencheckingsocialmedia.Thepersonmayleaveanoffensivecommentwithouttheintentionofbullyinganyoneonline.Somepeoplemaybelievethatcyberbulliesare“badpeople”.However,asKirstyEntwistle,apsychologist(心理學(xué)家)inPortugal,wrotetoonlinepublishingplatformMedium,peoplewhoparticipateincyberbullyingjusthave“moresevere(嚴重的)emotionsthantherestofus”,suchasjealousy(嫉妒).Cyberbulliesmayalsobe“peoplewhoareunabletoformapositiveconnectionwithothers”,wroteEntwistle.Forthem,negativecommunicationcanbringmoreattentionthanbeingalone.Theinternetinawayhidesouridentities–manypeoplewon’tbeblamedforleavingoffensivecommentsevennow.Whenillwordsbecomeatrend,peoplemaythinkwhattheyseeonlineistrue,andthatthevictims(受害者)arejust“gettingwhattheydeserved(該受)”,accordingtoYixinli,apsychologywebsiteinChina.Tokeepawayfromcyberbullying,weshouldhaveaclearmindandreportoffensivecommentsorvideoswhennecessary.1.What’sthepurposeofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Toreportacyberbullyingevent.B.Toleaduptothetopicofcyberbullying.C.Todiscusstheimpactofcyberbullying.D.Toshowdifferentattitudestowardcyberbullying.2.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofcyberbullying.B.Atypicalexampleofcyberbullying.C.Oneofthereasonsforcyberbullying.D.Whoaremorelikelytocyberbullyothers.3.AccordingtoEntwistle,whydosomepeopleparticipateincyberbullying?A.Theyarejealousofothers.B.Theyareeagertobepraised.C.Theyusedtobebullied.D.Theyarebadpeoplebynature.4.Whatcanwedotokeepawayfromcyberbullying,accordingtothetext?A.Don’tpostanyvideosonline.B.Don’tbeeasilyinfluencedbyothers.C.Hideourrealidentitiesonline.D.Avoidleavingnegativecomments.【答案】BCAB【解析】本文介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的一些心里因素。１．B寫作目標題。通過高考百日倒計時的活動在演講視頻發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上后，一些觀眾留下了冒犯的評論，攻擊她的外表這件事，來導(dǎo)出話題－網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌。答案選B２.C主旨大意題。第四段主要介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的一個心里原因。答案選C３.A細節(jié)理解題。參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌的人比別人更加情緒化。比如嫉妒。所以答案選A４.B推理判斷題。從最后一段Tokeepawayfromcyberbullying,weshouldhaveaclearmindandreportoffensivecommentsorvideoswhennecessary.我們應(yīng)該有清醒的頭腦，并在必要時報告攻擊性的評論或視頻。所以要求我們不受別人影響。答案選B七、書面表達真誠的朋友是我們?nèi)松飞系囊槐K燈，在我