經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程（第四版-上）課件：What Is Economics

《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程（第四版·上）》

Introduction1.Framework2.Contents1.Framework14units,andeachunitincludesonetextandoneadditionaltextUnits1-6concernmicroeconomics,andUnits7-14concernmacroeconomics2.ContentsUnit1Text:WhatIsEconomics?（什么是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)？）AdditionalText:TheEconomicProblem（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的問(wèn)題）Unit2Text:DemandandSupply（需求與供給）AdditionalText:UtilityandConsumerChoice（效用與消費(fèi)者選擇）Unit3Text:PriceElasticitiesofDemandandSupply（需求與供給的價(jià)格彈性）AdditionalText:TheFactorsInfluencingthePriceElasticitiesofDemandandSupply（影響需求與供給價(jià)格彈性的因素）Unit4Text:CostofProduction（生產(chǎn)成本）AdditionalText:EconomiesandDiseconomiesofScale（規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)與規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)）Unit5Text:Monopoly（壟斷）AdditionalText:PerfectCompetition（完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）Unit6Text:Oligopoly（寡頭壟斷）AdditionalText:MonopolisticCompetition（壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）Unit7Text:GrossDomesticProduct（國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）AdditionalText:TwoAlternativeApproachesofMeasuringGDP（衡量國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的兩種可供選擇的方法）Unit8Text:EconomicGrowth（經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)）AdditionalText:SourcesofEconomicDevelopment（經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的源泉）Unit9Text:Inflation（通貨膨脹）AdditionalText:Unemployment（失業(yè)）Unit10Text:MoneyandBanking（貨幣與銀行）AdditionalText:TheU.S.CentralBank:TheFederalReserveSystem（美國(guó)的中央銀行：聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備制度）

Unit11Text:ForeignExchangeandExchangeRate（外匯與匯率）AdditionalText:TheEffectsofExchangeRatesontheEconomy（匯率對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響）Unit12Text:TheBalanceofPayments（國(guó)際收支）AdditionalText:InternationalMonetarySystems（國(guó)際貨幣體系）Unit13Text:FiscalandMonetaryPolicy（財(cái)政政策與貨幣政策）AdditionalText:LagsintheEconomy’sResponsetoMonetaryandFiscalPolicy（經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)財(cái)政與貨幣政策的反應(yīng)滯后）Unit14Text:RoleofGovernmentintheEconomy（政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用）AdditionalText:Government’sPoliciesTowardExternalities（政府針對(duì)外部性的政策）

Text:WhatIsEconomics?

（什么是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)？）1.Keywords2.Definitionofeconomics3.Economicsisascience4.Importanceofeconomics5.Economicsystem6.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese7.Questions1.Keywordsdecision-makingmaterialwell-beingincessantchangelaboratoryspecimensvaluejudgmentavailabilityofjobssatisfyone’swantseconomicinstitutionsframeworkoforganizationwelfarestatestandardoflivingstabilityofprices2.Definitionofeconomics2.1Economicsisthestudyofmankindintheordinarybusinessoflife;itexaminesthatpartofindividualandsocialactionwhichismostcloselyconnectedwiththeattainmentandwiththeuseofthematerialrequisitesofwell-being.2.2Economicshasalsobeendefinedasthestudyofdecision-making;decisionswhichinvolvechoosingbetweenalternativesintherelatedactivitiesofearning,spending,producingandconsuming,allwiththeobjectofachievingmaterialwell-being.3.EconomicsisascienceEconomicsisoftenthoughtofasascience.However,itisaveryinexactsciencebecauseitisasocialscience,andisaffectedbythemanyinfluencesthatleadtoincessantchange.4.ImportanceofeconomicsAknowledgeofeconomicswillallowustoanalyzeandassessthevaluesofpoliciesanddecisionsmadebypoliticians.Anditwillhelpustobecomemoreawareofthecurrentandfutureproblemsofoursocietyandthereforebetterabletocopewiththem.5.Economicsystem5.1Aneconomicsystemismadeupofthecollectionofrelationships,customs,institutions,lawsandarrangementsthatarecombinedtosatisfytheeconomicwantsofthecommunity—todeterminewhatandhowproductiontakesplace,andwhoreceivestheoutput.5.2Theeconomicsystemofasocietydoesgrowor,rather,develop,becausethetypeofsystemacountryhasdependedonitshistoricalbackgroundanditspoliticalforces.5.3Thewayitdoesthisdependslargelyonthetypeofsociety.IntheUSAthereisstillabeliefinthevalueoffreeenterpriseandtheabilityofindividualstosucceediftheyworkhardenough.Insomecountries,suchasEnglandandpossiblySweden,thereisabeliefinthewelfarestate,thatitisuptothegovernmenttolookafterthecitizensfromthecradletothegrave,althoughtherehavebeencriticismsofthisapproachbecauseofcost.CountrieslikeAustraliaseemtorepresentamixtureofboththeseattitudes.5.4Nationalcharacteristicsandbeliefsystemshaveledtomanydifferencesbetweeneconomicsystems.6.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(1)Economicsisthestudyofmankindintheordinarybusinessoflife;itexaminesthatpartofindividualandsocialactionwhichismostcloselyconnectedwiththeattainmentandwiththeuseofthematerialrequisitesofwell-being.(2)Evenourownpersonaldecisionsareoftenaffectedbythestateoftheeconomy,sowecouldmakebetterchoicesifweunderstoodthewaytheeconomyoperates.(3)Theprinciplesandmotivesfromwhichpeopleactarenotnecessarilyeconomicinorigin,andareoftenbasedonnon-economicvalues.(4)Aneconomicsystemismadeupofthecollectionofrelationships,customs,institutions,lawsandarrangementsthatarecombinedtosatisfytheeconomicwantsofthecommunity—todeterminewhatandhowproductiontakesplace,andwhoreceivestheoutput.7.Questions(1)Whatisthedefini