語(yǔ)音學(xué)Phonetics外語(yǔ)系張Andy上課講義

ChapterⅡ

Phonetics外語(yǔ)系張Andy1/14/20251Linguistics:ACoursebookChapterⅡ

Phonetics

1.Definition

2.Branches

3.PhoneticDescription

4.PhoneticTranscription5.PhoneticClassification

1/14/20252Linguistics:ACoursebook1.Definition

Phoneticsisthestudyofspeechsoundsastheyareandmethodsfortheirdescription,transcriptionandclassification.1/14/20253Linguistics:ACoursebook2.BranchesThestudyfallsintothreemainareas:articulatoryphonetics,acousticphoneticsandauditoryphonetics.SpeechproductionSpeechperceptionSpeechtransmissionFigure1Theprocessofspeechtransmission1/14/20254Linguistics:ACoursebook4.PhoneticTranscriptionSegmentanddivergenceInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)Coarticulation1/14/20256Linguistics:ACoursebook4.1SegmentanddivergenceSegment:anylinguisticunitinasequencewhichmaybeisolatedfromtherestofthesequence,e.g.asoundinanutteranceoraletterinawrittentext.(Feasibility)Divergence:betweensoundsandsymbols(necessity)1/14/20257Linguistics:ACoursebook4.2InternationalPhonetic

Alphabet(IPA)Historyanddevelopment:1886,1888,1897,1920s,1993,1996.Mainprinciple:thereshouldbeaseparateletterforeachdistinctivesound,andthesamesymbolshouldbeusedforthatsoundinanylanguageinwhichitappears.TableofIPA(onPage38ofthetextbook)1/14/20258Linguistics:ACoursebook4.3CoarticulationCoarticulation:theinfluenceonasoundbyitsneighborse.g.cap[kap]can[kan]Thevowelinthesecondwordisnasalized,thusmarkedwith“”above.Broadandnarrowtranscriptions:withoutorwithdiacriticse.g.can[kan](broad)can[kan](narrow)_

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1/14/20259Linguistics:ACoursebook5.PhoneticClassificationVowelsandconsonantsClassificationofconsonantsClassificationofvowels1/14/202510Linguistics:ACoursebookPlacemanner

Bilabial

Labiodental

DentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarGlottalStoppb

td

kg

Nasalm

n

η

Fricativefv

θe

sz

∫3

h

Approximantw

r

j

Laterall

Affricatet∫d3

5.2Classificationofconsonants

Table1AchartofEnglishconsonants1/14/202511Linguistics:ACoursebook5.3ClassificationofvowelsMonophthongs(purevowels)anddiphthongs(vowelglides)Tonguerising:open(low),half-open(mid-low),half-close(mid-high),closeRaisedpart:front,central,backTenseness(length):tense(long),lax(short)Liprounding:rounded,unrounded1/14/202512Linguistics:ACoursebook5.3Classificationofvowels1/14/202513Linguistics:ACoursebookReferencesRoach,P.EnglishPhoneticsandPhonology.2nded.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1991.Robins,R.H.GeneralLinguistics.4thed.London:Longman,1989.Saussure.F.de.CourseinGeneralLinguistics.(tr.W.Baskin)Glasgow:Collins,1989.何善芬.《實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音》.北京:北京師范大學(xué)出版,1992.胡壯麟.《語(yǔ)言學(xué)