2021貴陽(yáng)市高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)、閱讀類(lèi)訓(xùn)練(6)及答案

2021貴陽(yáng)市高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)、閱讀類(lèi)訓(xùn)練（6）及答案語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡括號(hào)為16-25的相應(yīng)位置上。Therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.Wecanseealotofpeoplesleepingonthebusortrainontheirwayhome__16__workintheevening.Amanwillbereadingthenewspaper,andsecondslateritappearsasifheistryingtoeatit.Orhewillfallasleepontheshoulderofthestrangersittingnexttohim.Anotherplacewhere__17__(plan)shortsleepgoesonisinthelecturehall__18__astudentwillstartsnoringsoloudlythattheprofessorhastoask__19__studenttoshakethesleeperawake.Amore__20__(embarrass)situationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepand__21__weightoftheheadpushesthearmoffthedesk,andthemovementcarriestherestofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithnomemoryofgettingthere.The__22__(bad)timetofallasleepiswhendriving.Policereportsarefullofaccidentsthatoccurwhenpeoplefallintosleepandgoofftheroad.__23__thedriversarelucky,theyarenotseriouslyhurt.Onewoman’scar,forexample,wentintotheriver.Shewokeupinfourfeetofwaterandthoughtthatit__24__(rain).Whenpeoplearereallytired,__25__willstopthemfromfallingasleep—nomatterwheretheyare.【參考答案】語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）16.from/after 17.unplanned 18.where 19. another 20.embarrassing21.the 22.worst 23.If 24.wasraining 25.nothing（任何與答案不相符的都不對(duì)，包括字母的大小寫(xiě)。）【2021屆廣東省高三上期末華附、省實(shí)、廣雅、深中四校聯(lián)考】完形填空(共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，然后從16—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Wecannotescapehearingandseeingbrokennessinthisworld.Weareremindeddailythatashumanswearemorefragilethanwewouldwantto16,andareexposedtobeingbrokenonadailybasisor17othersdirectlyorindirectly.We’veall18someformofbrokenness,andweknowofotherswhohave.Forsomepeople,brokennesshasbeenablessingindisguise.Though19itmakesthemweak,thelong-termstrengthisincreased,whichmakesthema20person.Forsome,ittakesthemdownhard,pushingthemto21fromsocietyandsometimesself-destructivehabitsareformed.Mental,emotional,financial,spiritualandphysicalbrokennessaffectseveryoneatsomepointonourjourneyoflife.The22backtowholenessafteranencounterwithbrokennesscanbepositiveornegative,bitterorbetter.Sodoesthismeanthemeasureofrecoveryfromthebrokenness23onthetypeofbrokenness?Myanswerisno.NelsonMandelawaskeptinprisonfalselyfor27yearsintotal---butlookattheendofhislife.Hemusthave24someformofbrokennessatsomepointbuttodayhislifespeaksofwholeness.Hisabilitytocomebackasa25personspeaksforitself.Therearemenandwomenwhohavereturnedfromwarwithlimbs26,mental,socialandemotional27,buttodaythey’restillwhole.Inrelationships,heartsarebrokenbutpeopledealhealthilywiththeirbrokennessand28toletwhathasbrokenthemkeptthembroken.They’ve29.Sure,it’sa(n)30tosurviveanyformofbrokennessbutbelievingyouareworthbetterandwiththerightsupportsystem,wecanbemadewholeagain.16.A.conclude B.expect C.admit D.prove【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。conclude推斷；expect期望；admit牽強(qiáng)承認(rèn)；prove證明。依據(jù)wearemorefragile可知，此處是指人類(lèi)比我們所情愿承認(rèn)的更脆弱，故選C。17.A.breaking B.wounding C.interrupting D.affecting【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。breaking破壞，挫傷；wounding損害；interrupting打斷；affecting影響。由空前的beingbroken和空后的others可知，此處應(yīng)填breaking。此處論述了我們每天都面臨著被挫傷或挫傷別人。18.A.finished B.experienced C.shared D.changed【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。finished完成；experienced經(jīng)受；shared共享；changed轉(zhuǎn)變。由下文的論述可知，此處指我們?cè)谏钪卸肌敖?jīng)受”過(guò)某種形式的挫折，我們也知道其他人患病過(guò)的挫折。19.A.inconveniently B.slowly C.dangerously D.temporarily【答案】D【解析】考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。inconveniently不便利的；slowly慢地；dangerously危急地；temporarily臨時(shí)地。由上句中的ablessingindisguise和空后的thelong-term可知，對(duì)于有些人來(lái)說(shuō)，遇到挫折就像塞翁失馬，焉知非福，因此脆弱只是臨時(shí)的，故選D。20.A.richer B.busier C.calmer D.better【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。richer更豐富的；busier更忙的；calmer更安靜的；better更好的。實(shí)力增加自然會(huì)使他們成為更加優(yōu)秀的人，故選D。21.A.survive B.withdraw C.suffer D.stop【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。survive存活；withdraw收回，退出，撤退；suffer患??；stop停止。由空前的takesthemdownhard和空后的self-destructive推斷，這里說(shuō)明的是那些無(wú)法承受打擊的人的狀況。由此推斷，他們遇到打擊后會(huì)一蹶不振，漸漸脫離社會(huì)。22.A.road B.signal C.idea D.direction【答案】A【解析】考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。road道路；signal信號(hào)；idea想法；direction方向，指導(dǎo)。由空后的backtowholeness推斷，此處應(yīng)用road，表示由殘缺恢復(fù)到完滿(mǎn)之“路”，故選A。23.A.insist B.turn C.look D.depends【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。insist堅(jiān)持；turn轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；look看；dependson依靠，取決于。前面說(shuō)到，恢復(fù)的過(guò)程可能是樂(lè)觀的也可能是消極的，可能是苦痛的，也可能是幸福的，可能是健康的也可能是不健康的。由此作者提出問(wèn)題：那么這是否意味著從挫折中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)的方法取決于我們遇到的挫折的類(lèi)型呢？24.A.accepted B.faced C.predicted D.remembered【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。accepted接受；faced面臨，面對(duì)；predicted猜想；remembered記住。由于曼德拉一生坎坷，他確定在某個(gè)時(shí)候患病過(guò)某種形式的挫折，所以才會(huì)以他為例。25.A.whole B.political C.clever D.healthy【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。whole完滿(mǎn)的，整個(gè)的；political政治的；clever聰慧的；healthy健康的。依據(jù)上文todayhislifespeaksofwholeness(現(xiàn)在他的人生堪稱(chēng)完滿(mǎn))可知，作者認(rèn)為他現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)完滿(mǎn)的人，故選A。26.A.shaking B.missing C.stretching D.growing【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。shaking搖動(dòng)；missing殘缺的；stretching伸長(zhǎng)；growing生長(zhǎng)。依據(jù)常識(shí)可知從戰(zhàn)斗中回來(lái)的一些男女他們的四肢殘缺，故選B。27.A.powers B.abilities C.challenges D.failures【答案】C【解析】考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。powers權(quán)利；abilities力氣；challenges挑戰(zhàn)；failures失敗。從戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上退下來(lái)的人，除了肢體的殘缺外，應(yīng)當(dāng)還會(huì)遇到精神、社會(huì)和情感上的問(wèn)題，因此此處用challenge（挑戰(zhàn)）合適，故選C。28.A.choose B.hesitate C.mean D.refuse【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。choose選擇；hesitate遲疑；mean打算，意味著；refuse拒絕。由buttodaytheyarestillwhole可知，他們并沒(méi)有任由這種殘缺連續(xù)下去，而是以健康的方式對(duì)待，拒絕讓那些損害他們的人或事使他們一蹶不振。故選D。29.A.movedon B.litup C.givenin D.calmeddown【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。movedon連續(xù)向前；litup點(diǎn)火；givenin屈服；calmeddown安靜下來(lái)。由上文可知，他們撫平了過(guò)去的創(chuàng)傷，不拋棄、不放棄，勇往直前。故選A。30.A.opportunity B.process C.fight D.attempt【答案】C【解析】考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解的力氣。opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；process過(guò)程；fight戰(zhàn)斗，斗志；attempt嘗試。依據(jù)上文和空后的tosurviveanyformofbrokenness可知，從任何形式的挫折中生存下來(lái)都是一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗（fight）。故選C。閱讀理解閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引發(fā))thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR,近紅外線(xiàn))onthedruginthecapsule. Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外線(xiàn))orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges. ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR-absorbinggroupcalledo-nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso-soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer. SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反應(yīng)的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight-absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.2.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.3.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?eq\x(BhcsabsorbNIR.)?eq\x(Partofthecresolis.)?eq\x(Polymerbreaksdown.)?eq\x(Drugisreleased.)A.protectedB.formedC.exposedD.combined【要點(diǎn)綜述】這是一篇科技文。怎樣使用膠囊？如何讓吃藥更加平安、療效更好？文章對(duì)此做了介紹。1.B信息理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR，近紅外線(xiàn))onthedruginthecapsule.”可知答案。 2.D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段最終兩句“…ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.”和“…anditcouldbepoisonoustocells…”可知答案。 3.C信息理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第五句“WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.”可知此處用exposed，即C項(xiàng)正確。模擬短文改錯(cuò)Usuallymostdiversdon’tgoverydeep.Mainlytheydiveto 1．a(chǎn)depthofabout20meter.Thentheyswamaroundastheyslowly 2．returntothesurface.Everyonewantstodivemustfirsthavediving 3．lesso