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第三部分任閱提升任務(wù)型閱讀通常接受一篇300~500詞左右的短文,以表格的形式考查,所選取的短文通常是英語文學(xué)作品、科普文章、公告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章。其表格呈現(xiàn)形式經(jīng)常為:對(duì)比推動(dòng)式的表格類或先總后分式的樹狀類??忌喿x后應(yīng)能對(duì)文中的有效信息進(jìn)行篩選、整合和綜合概括,然后精確?????、有序地完成表格的空缺(依據(jù)說明,一空只填一詞)。這不僅要求考生具有較好的語篇理解力量,同時(shí)還必需具有獵取有效信息、把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的力量;在解題過程中,考生還必需具備較扎實(shí)的詞法和句法學(xué)問,由于所填寫的單詞不僅要精確?????表達(dá)意思,還必需在詞性和詞形上與上下文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)保持全都或匹配。任務(wù)型閱讀題型的消滅不僅有利于考查同學(xué)把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、綜合處理信息的力量,體現(xiàn)出了新課改通過增加客觀表達(dá)題作出的努力,同時(shí)也對(duì)英語教學(xué)和高考復(fù)習(xí)提出了極高的要求。1.題型分類(1)原詞重現(xiàn):比較題干和原文所供應(yīng)的信息,通過定位該題在文章中的位置即可找到答案,該答案一般為原詞?!菊骖}回放】①(2021·江蘇卷)原文:Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabourtosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization:thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.→Conscientiousemployeesatthelowerlevelsgiveoutstanding(75)________【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)文中“Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabourtosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.”可知答案為performance(s)。②(2021·江蘇卷)原文:Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.→Possible(77)________withconscientiousness【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解可知答案為problems/troubles。③(2021·江蘇卷)原文:Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers'evaluationsoftheirwork,givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.→Employers'evaluationsoftheworkofconscientiouspeoplecanbe(78)________【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)文中“givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.”可知答案為higher。④(2022·江蘇卷)原文:Butbecausesuccessisamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.→Asamatteroffact,your(77)________won'tkeepyourhappinesslong【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)文中“thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong”可知答案為success/achievements。(2)詞性轉(zhuǎn)化:分析題干,確定該空詞性,然后依據(jù)信息源,找出所需轉(zhuǎn)化的詞匯,最終通過語法、結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的要求提煉出新詞?!菊骖}回放】①(2021·江蘇卷)原文:Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It'stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.→Conscientiouspeoplearevery(71)________toothers【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)文中“It'stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdates...”可知,盡職盡責(zé)的人對(duì)別人都是有掛念的。故填helpful/good。②(2022·江蘇卷)原文:Inananalysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevidenceofcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.→The“happinessadvantage”effectis(78)________provedbyresearchfindings【點(diǎn)撥】文章中用形容詞strong來修飾名詞evidence,試題中要求同學(xué)將strong轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞來修飾過去分詞proved,故此處答案為strongly。③(2022·江蘇卷)原文:Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.→Itworksinnearlyeveryoneofus,and(72)________usinonewayoranother,goodorbad【點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)比信息可知,此空得解的關(guān)鍵是:Itisastronginfluenceofagroup...,意指同齡人壓力對(duì)每個(gè)人都有影響,原文中influence是名詞,轉(zhuǎn)化為表格中的動(dòng)詞并與謂語動(dòng)詞works并列,故答案為influences。(3)固定搭配:依據(jù)題干和原文的語境和句意,通過語法、結(jié)構(gòu)、搭配等方面的分析,對(duì)答案加以推斷?!菊骖}回放】①(2021·江蘇卷)原文:Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(認(rèn)真盡責(zé))—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一絲不茍的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.→Conscientiouspeoplearevery(71)________withthemselves【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)文中“beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,scrupulousinattendingtoresponsibilities”可知盡職盡責(zé)的人對(duì)自己嚴(yán)格要求。故此處考查固定搭配bestrictwith(對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格)。②(2022·江蘇卷)原文:Burt'sBees'then-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,he'dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.He'dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteamsaboutthecompany'svalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathree-h(huán)oursessionwithemployeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort...→JohnWolfgangwas(73)________ofhisassistants'feelings【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)文中“Burt'sBees'then-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.”及后面提及的具體做法,可以歸納出JohnWolfgang設(shè)法去了解助手的那種感覺。故此處考查搭配beawareof,意為“意識(shí)到,了解到”,所以答案可為aware/considerate/conscious。③(2022·江蘇卷)原文:...andencouragethantopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.→...,andsay(80)________toanythingthatiswrongorillegal【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)原文描述及題干部分say________to,可知此處考查短語搭配saynoto,表鼓舞孩子對(duì)錯(cuò)誤或非法的事說不,所以答案為no。(4)總結(jié)概括:做該類型題時(shí),需依據(jù)表格中所對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)信息,結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容來進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),概括出答案,要求較高?!菊骖}回放】①(2021·江蘇卷)原文:Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabourtosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization:thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(緩沖)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday'sconstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers'evaluationsoftheirwork,givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.→(73)________ofconscientiousness【點(diǎn)撥】這是一條高度的歸納題。依據(jù)文章這三段敘述了盡職盡責(zé)的好處和重要性,特殊是首句的概括句“Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.”可知答案為Importance/Functions/Roles/Significance。②(2021·江蘇卷)原文:Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves,theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards,andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon'tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehaviour.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized.→Conscientiouspeoplewithoutsocialskillstendtohave(79)________relationswiththeirfellowworkers【點(diǎn)撥】由原文中的“overlyjudgmental”和“tendedtocriticizeco-workers”可知他們對(duì)同事苛求,可能更簡潔批判同事,從而造成關(guān)系緊急。故答案為poor/bad/damaged/tense。③(2022·江蘇卷)原文:...inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangs...→Negativeinfluencesincludelackof(76)________sense,criminaloffencesandover-consumption【點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)比表格與原文語境,尤其是句中的“toabandon...andwrong.”,與其后的舉例可知,同齡人壓力對(duì)個(gè)體的消極影響包括使人缺乏是非感,吸毒或其他犯罪,概括為缺乏道德觀(moralsense),故此空答案為moral。2.解題思路第一步:讀懂短文主要意思、了解文章大意。這是解題的第一環(huán),也是關(guān)鍵的一步。只有讀懂了文章,才能順當(dāng)?shù)卦诒砀裰刑畛鱿嚓P(guān)的信息。值得留意的是:假如表格前供應(yīng)了小標(biāo)題,要特殊留意小標(biāo)題,它通常是段落和表格的主題句。讀懂了標(biāo)題有助于理解短文和表格的大意和結(jié)構(gòu)。其次步:理清短文主體結(jié)構(gòu)、了解短文的寫作思路和線索結(jié)構(gòu)。這有助于加深對(duì)篇章內(nèi)容的理解,同時(shí)短文的結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是很重要的命題線索,表格項(xiàng)目基本上就是依據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)計(jì)的。第三步:分析完表格后細(xì)讀文章,確定答案。認(rèn)真閱讀文章,查找相關(guān)信息及關(guān)鍵詞。學(xué)會(huì)推理推斷,力爭返回原文,找出文章哪一部分與題目相關(guān),抓住關(guān)鍵詞語,以此為線索,在文中找出相關(guān)的詞、句、句群,進(jìn)行歸納,奇妙運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)換,進(jìn)而推出答案。第四步:檢查答案。主要檢查詞數(shù)是否符合要求,所填內(nèi)容與原文意思是否保持通順全都,句意是否連貫,是否符合語法規(guī)章等。3.技巧突破四種變化:(1)詞性變化:【真題回放】(2022·江蘇卷)原文:Infact,itworkstheotherwayaround:Peoplewhohaveapositivemind-setperformbetterinthefaceofchallenge.→Researchfindings:Peopleperformbetterwhenthinking(76)________【點(diǎn)撥】此處將形容詞positive轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞positively。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)變化:【真題回放】①(2022·江蘇卷)原文:Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.→Itisalsomisunderstandingthathowhappyweareis(79)________byourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwo【點(diǎn)撥】該題由主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):...determineshowhappyweare轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)形式:...howhappyweareis________by...,所以此處需要填入答案determined/decided?!镜湫皖}例】②原文:Atfirst,thegovernmenthaddifficultyinpersuadingpeopletoleaveRioandtosettleinBrasilia.→Atfirst,thegovernmentfoundit________topersuadepeopletoleaveRioandtosettleinBrasilia【點(diǎn)撥】該題考查結(jié)構(gòu)havedifficultyindoingsth.與finditdifficulttodosth.的相互轉(zhuǎn)化,所以此處需要填入答案difficult。(3)表達(dá)變化:【真題回放】(2022·江蘇卷)原文:Wolfgang'semphasisondevelopingpositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone.→Themanagersremained(74)________tothecompany【點(diǎn)撥】該題考查同義句的相互轉(zhuǎn)化,即一種意思接受兩種不同的表達(dá)方式,故該題答案為loyal/faithful/devoted/committed。(4)段落變化:一般來說,表格內(nèi)容的呈現(xiàn)與文章內(nèi)容的先后是全都的,但有時(shí)會(huì)有所不同,即文章前面的內(nèi)容消滅在表格的后面,而文章后面的內(nèi)容消滅在表格的前面,即表格內(nèi)容的呈現(xiàn)與文章內(nèi)容的呈現(xiàn)消滅了段落位置的變化。四種補(bǔ)充:解題時(shí)需依據(jù)表格所呈現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容對(duì)所填答案的形式加以完善,即:(1)假如是名詞,需依據(jù)其內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充出該名詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式?!菊骖}回放】(2022·江蘇卷)●Positiveinfluencesaregoodgrades,team(77)spirit,_andthebuilding-upofgood(78)________,etc.【點(diǎn)撥】當(dāng)我們概括出該部分的含義為良好習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成時(shí),要留意原文中雖用的是單數(shù)形式“takeupagoodhabit”,但此表格中可數(shù)名詞前沒有冠詞,故需用復(fù)數(shù)形式:habits。(2)假如是動(dòng)詞,需依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、語境補(bǔ)充出該動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式,是謂語的單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式;是非謂語的現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞?!菊骖}回放】Communication(75)______everywhere●Wearecommunicatingwithourselvesbythinking,planningandreactingtotheoutsideworld●Wearealways(76)________otherpeoplebyobservingeveniftheydonotintendanymessageforyou●Weareconstantlycollectingmeaningsfromothers'(77)________●Weareconstantly(78)________meaningsbywhatwedo【答案】75.occurs/happens/exists/arises76.reading/understanding/knowing77.behaviours/acts/action(s)/activities78.conveying/expressing【點(diǎn)撥】依據(jù)該段的內(nèi)容可以歸納出“通過觀看別人的言行舉止,你就會(huì)理解別人所要傳遞的信息”。據(jù)此可知(76)空需用動(dòng)詞read,或understand,know。由于該空前有are,故該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,即reading/understanding/knowing。(3)假如是形容詞、副詞,需依據(jù)其使用的范圍確定該形容詞、副詞是用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、還是最高級(jí)?!镜湫皖}例】原文:MyshoesareverytightandIcan'twalkcomfortably.→Ifmyshoesareabit________,Icanwalkcomfortably.【點(diǎn)撥】認(rèn)真分析原句,且比較轉(zhuǎn)換句,可知本題關(guān)鍵是If條件句,需要找出tight的反義詞,而且需要比較級(jí)。所以正確的答案應(yīng)為looser。(4)同時(shí)需要依據(jù)該單詞的位置補(bǔ)充出該單詞是大寫,還是小寫。【典型題例】Intheafternoon●(75)________inthewoods,intoxicatehereyesonthebeautiesoftheworldofnatureandabsorbinafewhoursthevastbrillianceoftheworld●Walk(76)________afarm,seethepatienthorsesploughinginthefieldandthepeacefulcontentofmenlivingclosetothesoil●Prayforthegloryofacolourfulsunset【點(diǎn)撥】當(dāng)我們依據(jù)內(nèi)容推出(75)空需填入動(dòng)詞wander時(shí),就需考慮用該動(dòng)詞的什么形式;因表格中下面并列的兩句使用的是動(dòng)詞原形(Walk,Pray),且單詞首字母大寫,故(75)空的動(dòng)詞正確形式應(yīng)為Wander??傊?,只要考生留意平常多做任務(wù)型閱讀的題目,多總結(jié)各種表格的特點(diǎn),留意常用詞匯的積累及轉(zhuǎn)換,做題時(shí)細(xì)心并適時(shí)隨機(jī)應(yīng)變,完全可以游刃有余地應(yīng)對(duì)任務(wù)型閱讀這種題型。(2022·江蘇卷)★★★★Theexpression,“everybody'sdoingit”,isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct(天性)iswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople'slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswer“fine”whenastrangerasks“Howareyou?”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis:ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to-dayinteraction.Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction;inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan'taffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses”.However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly,itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups.WhatisPeerPressurePeerpressurereferstothestrong(71)________thatyoumustdothingsthewayotherpeopleofyouragedoConceptofpeerpressureItworksinnearlyeveryoneofus,and(72)________usinonewayoranother,goodorbadA(73)________functionofpeerpressuretosocietyBeingsocialcreatures,peopleexpecttheapprovalfromtheirfellowmembersPeoplearoundwillaffecthowonelives(74)________PeerpressurehelpssocietyfunctionefficientlyInfluencesofpeerpressureon(75)________Thedesiretobesociallyacceptedbyone'speersislikeadrugNegativeinfluencesincludelackof(76)________sense,criminaloffences,andover-consumptionPositiveinfluencesaregoodgrades,team(77)________,andthebuilding-upofgood(78)________,etc.Toavoidthedangerofnegativepeerpressure,kidsshouldlearntobe(79)________whennecessary,andsay(80)________toanythingthatiswrongorillegal【答案】71.feeling72.influences73.practical74.unconsciously75.individuals76.moral77.spirit78.habits79.independent80.noA.詞意轉(zhuǎn)換1.However,thetravelrushusuallybeginsuptotwoweeksbeforethat,andwilllast40daysbeginningfromJanuary11toFebruary19.→ThetravelbeginsfromJanuary11andendsonFebruary19,________40days.2.Earlierthisyear,thechaoswasdramaticallymixedwithunusuallyseriouswintericestormsthatspreadsufferingacrossahugelandofthecountryjustasthemigrationwasgettingunderway.→Earlierthisyear,theunusualwintericestorms________largeareasofthecountry,causingthemigrationtobebadlyheldup.3.WorldSleepDay,observedonMarch21,wascreatedtobringattentiontothegrowingnumberofsleepproblemsworldwide.Sleepisanaturalpartofhumanlife,butmanypeopleinthemodernworldignoreitsimportance.Asaresult,sleepproblemsareincreasinglycommon.→Dueto________ofsleepproblems,peopleobservedMarch21,WorldSleepDay,bringingattentiontotheimportanceofsleep.4.Themainfactorscausingtheseproblemsarepressurefromschoolorworkandafastpaceoflife,butnoisepollutionandlightpollutionalsointerferewithsleepandcontributetopoorqualitysleep.→Poorqualitysleepsalso________fromnoiseorlightpollution.5.MostAsian-AmericanstudentsowetheirsuccesstotheinfluenceofparentswhoaredeterminedthattheirchildrentakefulladvantageofwhattheAmericaneducationalsystemhastooffer.→Asian-Americanstudentsachievesuccess,________byparentsandAsianculture.6.Abilingualeducationoffersbettercurriculum(課程)results.Thebilingualstendtoshowahigherperformanceinexaminationsandtests.→Enableapersonto________betterinexaminationsandtests.7.However,weshouldencouragepeopletoknowtheimportanceofbeingcaringandgenerousandtobuildamutuallybeneficialrelationshipwithothers.→Arelationshipwhichcan________twosidesshouldbeestablished.8.In1969,ApolloⅡtookthreementothemoonsuccessfully.→TheUnitedStates________inputtingapersononthemoon.9.Whenequals(同輩)meet,apersonwhoisfiveminuteslateisexpectedtomakeashortapology.→Apersonwhoisfiveminuteslatewill________totheothersbriefly.10.Itseemstousthatitisuptotheyoungtodotheirsmallparttostopsuchloweringofmoralstandards.→Youngpeoplemakean________tostopsuchloweringofmoralstandards.【答案】1.lasting2.hit/struck3.ignorance4.arise/result5.influenced/affected6.perform/do7.benefit8.succeeded9.apologize10.effortB.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換1.Withoutthetwokeyelements,youwillprobablyfindbuildingyourcontactlistdifficultandslow-going.→Focusonthetwoelements,oryourlistwillbedifficultandslowto________.2.Newresearchsays35percentofchilddeathsworldwidearecausedbyhunger.Theresearchcomesfrompoortomiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.→________ischildren'sbiggestkiller.3.Sincetimehassuchdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures,communicationisoftendifficult.Wewillunderstandeachotheralittlebetterifwecankeepthisfactinmind.→It'sdifficulttocommunicate________understandingthedifferentmeaningsoftimeindifferentcultures.4.Thisdreambegantoseempossiblewhenhigh-flyingrocketswerebuiltintheearly1900s.→Itmadetheancientdreamofgoingtospacepossibletocome________.5.Wehavetoputdowntheburdensperiodically,sothatwecanberefreshedandareabletocarryon.→Putdownourburdenstoget________.【答案】1.build2.Hunger3.without4.true5.refreshedC.信息轉(zhuǎn)換1.Expertssayinfectionsfromdirtywaterkillseveralthousandchildrenindevelopingcountrieseveryday.→Drinkingdirtywater________severalthousandchildrentheirlivesindevelopingcountrieseveryday.2.AccordingtotheChinaDaily,theweatherforecastduringtheSpringFestivalisthatmostofthecountrywillexperiencenormaltemperaturesforthattimeofyear,butheavysnowsareexpectedinsomeregions.→ThisSpringFestivaltransportationpeakseasonwillseenormaltemperatures,in________ofheavysnowsinsomeregions.3.Inthe1930sand1940s,manyfamiliesfacedseriousfinancial,ormoneyproblemsduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplelosttheirjobs.Womenweresuddenlychoosingtogotocollegeandtakejobsoutsidethehome.→Manyofthewomenhadtoworkoutsideduetothe________ofmoney,thuscausingthefallofbirthrateandtheriseofdivorcerate.4.Thesurvey'sfindingsareparticularlytroublingbecauselargenumbersofpeoplewerefoundtohavedifficultysleepingatnight.Theshort-termeffectsofthisaretirednessandtroubleconcentrating.Ifthishappensforalongtime,theriskofgainingweightandhavingaheartattackmayincrease.→Thereismuch________thatsleeplesspeopleeasilygainweightandhaveaheartattack.5.Collectingmidwritingnewsislikeresearchinginhistory:thebestinformationcomesfromthosewhowerethereatthetime.SoifwewanttostudythehistoryofChinainthesixthcenturyAD,welookatthewritingsofthepeoplewholivedthen.Theyarecalledtheprimarysourcesbecausetheytelluswhatitwasliketolivethen.Peopleatamuchlaterdatewhowriteaboutthesameeventsarecalledthesecondarysources.→Secondarysourcesarethewritingsofthepeoplewhowriteaboutthesameeventsatamuchlaterdatewithexplanationandanalysis________onprimarysources.【答案】1.costs2.spite3.lack4.possibility/chance5.basedD.總結(jié)概括:依據(jù)所給內(nèi)容,總結(jié)其概括性詞匯1.Soitcanbeconcludedthatweshouldtryourbesttolearnandmastertwomorelanguages.→________2.Bilingualmeansthattheytrytohavetheknowledgeoftwomorelanguages.→________3.Asian-Americanstudentsprefermathematicsandscienceandtheyachievesuccess,influencedbyparentsandAsiancultures.→________fortheirachievements4.Qualityafter-schoolprogrammesaredesignedtoimproveacademicperformance,decreaseyouthcrimesandotherhigh-riskbehaviours,andhelpyoungpeoplegrowintohealthy,successfuladults.→________oftheprogrammes5.IC(IntegratedCircuit)MicroprocessorCardsMicroprocessorCards(chipcards)offeralargermemoryandbettersecuritythanthetraditionalmagneticstripecardsdo.Chipcardscanalsoholddata.Thesecardsareusedformanythings.Thus,chipshavebeenthemainplatformforcardsthatholdasecuredigitalidentity.Someexamplesofthesecardsare:Cardsthatholdmoney.Cardsthatprovidesafeaccesstoanetwork.Cardsthatallowsettingstopboxesontelevisionstoremainsafefromprivacy.→________ofcards6.DoctorBlacksayshungrychildrenarealsomorelikelytohaveconditionslikehighbloodpressureandheartdiseaseasadults.Hesaysthestudiesshowthatfoodprogrammesneedtoplacethegreatestimportanceonthefirsttwoyearsoflife.Hungrychildrencansuffertheirwholelifedamagefromagetwo.Itishightimetheirdietswereimproved.DietsshouldincludefoodsrichinvitaminAandotherusefulvitaminsandminerals.Theresearcherssayearlyhelpsuchasthiscouldreducechilddeathsby25%.→The________tosavechildren7.Additionally,morethan40percentoftheparentsdidn'tknowhowtohelptheirchildrentopreparewellforsportsactivities.Forinstance,theydon'tknowhowtohavetheirchildrenwarmuporrealizetheimportanceofaplayground-checkbeforesportsactivities.→________ofsportsactivities8.Tohelpcorrecttheproblems,SJJPandSafeKidsWorldwideChinahavebeentranslatingandeditingsafetyeducationmaterials,sendingthemtoparentsfreeofcharge,anddeliveringfreelecturesinkindergartens,schoolsandresidentialcommunitiesforthelast10years.Currently,aspecialteamhasbeensetupandtravellingaround12keycitiesofChinatopopularizechildsportssafetyknowledgeandofferfreetrainingforyoungparents.→________9.Peopleappeartobemoreself-centredthanthoseinthepastduetostrongoutsidepressure.However,weshouldencouragepeopletoknowtheimportanceofbeingcaringandgenerousandtobuildamutuallybeneficialrelationshipwithothers.→Theauthor's________towardstopic10.AIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)isamedicalconditioncausedbyHIV(HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus),aviruswhichdamagespeople'snaturaldefensesagainstdisease.Sofar,nocurehasbeenfoundforit.→The________ofAIDS11.Literatureisatermusedtodescribewrittenaswellasspokenmaterial.Generallyspeaking,itisoftenusedtodescribeanythingfromcreativeimagination,includingworksofpoetry,dramaandfiction.→________ofliterature12.Attitudeisaninternalstatethatinfluencesthechoicesofpersonalactionmadebytheindividual.Someresearchersconsiderthatattitudescomefromdifferencesbetweenbeliefsandideas;othersbelievethatattitudescomefromemotionalstates.→________ofattitude13.Mainfactorscausingtheseproblemsarepressurefromschoolorworkandafastpaceoflife,butnoisepollutionandlightpollutionalsointerferewithsleepandcontributetopoorqualitysleep.Thesurvey'sfindingsareparticularlytroublingbecauselargenumbersofpeoplewerefoundtohavedifficultysleepingatnight.Theshort-termeffectsofthisaretirednessandtroubleconcentrating.Ifthishappensforalongtime,theriskofgainingweightandhavingaheartattackmayincrease.→________causingsleepproblems14.Therearemanythingsyoucandotoimprovethequalityofyoursleep.First,youshouldhaveregularsleephabits.Trytogotobedandwakeuparoundthesametimeeachday.Youalsoneedtomakeyourbedroomacool,dark,quietplacetosleepsothatheat,lightandnoisedonotdisturbyou.Atnight,youshouldalsoavoidthingsthatcontaincaffeine,suchaschocolate,coffee,teaandmanysoftdrinks,ascaffeinemaykeepyoufromsleeping.→________totaketoimprovesleepquality15.Theeffectofqualityafter-schoolprogrammesonacademicperformanceisclear.Studiesshowthatstudentswhotakepartinsuchprogrammesshowbetterworkhabits,higherratesofhomeworkcompletion,improvedgrades,andhigherscoresonachievementtests.Theyalsohavefewerabsencesandarelesslikelytoblame.After-schoolprogrammesalsoinfluencehigh-riskteenbehaviour.Variousstudiesshowdecreasedratesofcrime,drug-taking,andteensexamongyouthwhojoininwell-runafter-schoolprogrammeswhencomparedtosimilaryouthwhodonot.Finally,after-schoolprogrammesplayanimportantroleinsupportingdifferentkindsoffieldsofdevelopment:physicaldevelopment,mentaldevelopmentandsocialdevelopment.Thus,onecansafelysaythatafter-schoolprogrammingisaneffectivemethodtohelpyoungpeoplebecomecontributingmembersofsociety.→________onacademicperformance【答案】1.Conclusion2.Concept3.Reasons4.Purpose5.Advantages6.ways7.Problems8.Solutions9.attitudes10.cause11.Definition12.Concept13.Factors14.Measures15.Effect(s
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