2022年黑龍江大學英語考試模擬卷四

2022年黑龍江大學英語考試模擬卷四

（本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。）

單位：姓名：考號：

題號單選題多項選擇判斷題綜合題總分

分值

得分

一、單項選擇題(共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項中，只有一個最符合題意)

1.Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcarmakers,cost$2000andup.

Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,Iike

Lexus,BMWandAudi.ButitisadevelopingtechnoIogy-meaningprices

shouIdeventuaIlydrop-andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Even

atcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive,Itcanguideyou

frompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturnby-turn

directionsspokenbyaclearhumansoundingvoice,andwrittenonascreen

infrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakes

signaIsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24GIobaIPositioningSystem(GPS)

sateIIites.BymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaItotraveIbetween

thesateIIitesandtheantenna,thecar''sIocationcanbepinneddown

within100meters.ThesateIIitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeed

fromawheeIspeedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar''

spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamap

database.Streets,IandmarksandpointsofinterestareincIuded.Most

systemsarebasicallyidenticaI.Thedifferencescomeinhardware-the

waythecomputeracceptsthedriver''srequestfordirectionsandthe

wayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverenters

adesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouch

screenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpoint

toanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW''ssystem

offerssetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhave

severalChoicesofmapseaIe)topickapointyou''dliketogetto.

Audi''sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthat

recitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemsIikeBMW''sand

Lexus''shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavaiIabIein

French,German,Spanish,DutcharidyItaiianfasweIIasEnglish.The

drivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,

shortestornofreeways,forexample.

Welearnfromthepassagethatnavigationcomputers.

A.willgreatlypromotesalesofautomobiles

B.mayhelpsolvepotentialtrafficproblems

C.arelikelytobeacceptedbymoredrivers

D.willsoonbeviewedasasymbolofluxury

2.TheUnitedStatesisweII-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighways

designedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortest

possibletime.[B1]thesewidemodemroadsaregenerally[B2]and

weIImaintained,with[B3]sharpcurvesandmanystraight[B4],a

directrouteisnotalwaysthemost[B5]one.Largehighwaysoftenpass

(B6]seenicareasandinterestingsmalItowns,Furthermore,these

highwaysgenerally[B7]largeurbancenters,whichmeansthatthey

becomecrowdedwith[B8]trafficduringrushhours,[B9]the"fast,

direct11routebecomesaveryslowmute.However,thereis[B10]aIways

anotherroutetotakeLB11]youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe

LB12]new"superhighways'',thereareoftenolder,[B13]heavily

traveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.IB14]oftheseare

goodtwo-1aneroads;othersareunevenroadsLB15]throughthecountry.

Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh[B16],or

downfrighteninghiIIsidestotowns[B17]indeepvalleys,Throughthese

lessdireefroutes,IongerandsIower,theygeneraIIygotopIaces[B18]

theairiscleanandthesceneryisbeautifuI,andthedrivermayhave

a[B19]togetafresh,clean[B50]oftheworld.

A.rocks

B.cliffs

C.roads

D.paths

3.Whataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearly

America-breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandthe

weavingmachineAmongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleout

thecountry1'sexceIIenteIementaryschooIs;aIaborforcethatweIcorned

thenewtechnoIogy;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;and

abovealItheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,11spatiaI"thinkingabout

thingstechnological.WhymentiontheelementaryschoolsBecause

thankstotheseschooIsourearIymechanics,especiallyintheNewEngIand

andMiddleAtIanticstates,weregenerallyIiterateandathomein

arithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.Acute

foreignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenessto

thiseducationaIadvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisiting

herein1853reported,nWithamindpreparedbythoroughschooIdiscipline,

theAmericanboydeveIopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.nAfurther

stimulustoinventioncamefromthe"premium"system,whichprecededour

patentsystemandforyearsranparalleiwithit.Thisapproach,

originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandother

incentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornew

deviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajor

cities.AmericansfIockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesand

thustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.

Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmerican

workertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequired

inmechanicaItechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,11A

technologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguous

verbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,

nonverbalprocess.ThedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembIe

andmanipuIateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.nThis

nonverbal"spatialnthinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingand

writing.RobertFultononcewrote,MThemechanicshouldsitdownamong

levers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,Iikeapoetamongthelettersof

theaIphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhich

anewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.nWhenaIItheseshaping

forces-schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusfor

spatialthinking-interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainiand,

theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emuIation.Todaythatword

impIiesmereimitation.ButinearIiertimesitmeantafriendlybut

competitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.

ItisimpIiedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmerican

mechanics.

A.benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge

B.shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement

C.wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining

D.owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment

4.Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcarmakers,cost$2000andup.

Nosurprisetthen,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,Iike

LexusyBMWandAudi.ButitisadevelopingtechnoIogy-meaningprices

shouldeventuallydrop-andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Even

atcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive,Itcanguideyou

frompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturnby-turn

directionsspokenbyaclearhumansoundingvoice,andwrittenonascreen

infrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakes

signaIsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24GIobaIPositioningSystem(GPS)

sateIIites.BymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaItotraveIbetween

thesateIIitesandtheantenna,thecar''sIocationcanbepinneddown

within100meters.ThesateIIitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeed

fromawheelspeedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar15

spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamap

database.Streets,IandmarksandpointsofinterestareincIuded.Most

systemsarebasicallyidenticaI.Thedifferencescomeinhardware-the

waythecomputeracceptsthedriver''srequestfordirectionsandthe

wayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverenters

adesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouch

screenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpoint

toanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW''ssystem

offerssetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhave

severalChoicesofmapseaIe)topickapointyou''dliketogetto.

Audi''sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthat

recitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemsIikeBMW''sand

Lexus''shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavaiIabIein

French,German,Spanish,Dutcharid,ItaiianrasweIIasEnglish.The

drivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,

shortestornofreeways,forexample.

Withanavigationcomputer,adriverwiIIeasilyfindthebestrouteto

hisdestination

A.byinputtingtheexactaddress

B.byindicatingthelocationofhiscar

C.bycheckinghiscomputerdatabase

D.bygivingvocalorderstothecomputer

5.Whataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearly

America-breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandthe

weavingmachineAmongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleout

thecountry''sexceIIenteIementaryschooIs;aIaborforcethatweIcomed

thenewtechnoIogy;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;and

abovealItheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,nspatiaI"thinkingabout

thingstechnological.WhymentiontheelementaryschoolsBecause

thankstotheseschooIsourearIymechanics,especiallyintheNewEngIand

andMiddleAtIanticstates,weregenerallyIiterateandathomein

arithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.Acute

foreignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenessto

thiseducationaIadvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisiting

herein1853reported,"WithamindpreparedbythoroughschooIdisciplinef

theAmericanboydeveIopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.11Afurther

stimulustoinventioncamefromthe"premium“system,whichprecededour

patentsystemandforyearsranparalleiwithit.Thisapproach,

originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandother

incentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornew

deviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajor

cities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesand

thustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.

Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmerican

workertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequired

inmechanicaItechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,MA

technologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguous

verbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,

nonverbalprocess.ThedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembIe

andmanipuIateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.MThis

nonverbal"spatialr,thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingand

writing.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamong

levers,screws,wedges,wheeIs,etc.,Iikeapoetamongthelettersof

theaIphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhich

anewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.11WhenalItheseshaping

forces-schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusfor

spatialthinking-interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainIand,

theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emuIation.Todaythatword

impIiesmereimitation.ButinearIiertimesitmeantafriendlybut

competitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.

AtechnoIogistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause.

A.theyarebothwinnersofawards

B.theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking

C.theybothabandonverbaldescription

D.theybothusevariousinstruments

6.Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcarmakers,cost$2000andup.

Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,Iike

Lexus,BMWandAudi.ButitisadevelopingtechnoIogy-meaningprices

shouIdeventuaIIydrop-andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Even

atcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive,Itcanguideyou

frompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturnby-turn

directionsspokenbyacIearhumansoundingvoicerandwrittenonascreen

infrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakes

signaIsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24GIobaIPositioningSystem(GPS)

sateIIites.BymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaItotraveIbetween

thesateIIitesandtheantenna,thecar''sIocationcanbepinneddown

within100meters.ThesateIIitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeed

fromawheeIspeedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar''

spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamap

database.Streets,IandmarksandpointsofinterestareincIuded.Most

systemsarebasicallyidenticaI.Thedifferencescomeinhardware-the

waythecomputeracceptsthedriver''srequestfordirectionsandthe

wayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverenters

adesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouch

screenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpoint

toanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW5'ssystem

offerssetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhave

severalChoicesofmapseaIe)topickapointyou''dliketogetto.

Audi''sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthat

recitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemsIikeBMW''sand

Lexus''shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavaiIabIein

French,German,Spanish,Dutcharid,Italian,asweIIasEnglish.The

drivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,

shortestornofreeways,forexampIe.

Despitetheirvarieddesigns,navigationcomputersusedincars.

A.aremoreorlessthesameprice

B.providedirectionsinmuchthesameway

C.workonmoreorlessthesameprinciples

D.receiveinstructionsfromthesamesatellites

7.TheUnitedStatesisweII-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighways

designedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortest

possibletime.[B1]thesewidemodemroadsaregenerally[B2]and

weIImaintained,with(B3)sharpcurvesandmanystraight[B4],a

directrouteisnotalwaysthemostLB5]one.Largehighwaysoftenpass

IB6]seenicareasandinterestingsmalItowns,Furthermore,these

highwaysgenerally[B7]largeurbancenters,whichmeansthatthey

becomecrowdedwith[B8]trafficduringrushhours,[B9]the"fast,

direct"routebecomesaveryslowmute.However,thereisLB1O]always

anotherroutetotakeLB11]youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe

[B12]new“superhighways'’,thereareoftenolder,[B13]heavily

traveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.[B14]oftheseare

goodtwo-1aneroads;othersareunevenroadsLB15)throughthecountry.

Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghighLB16],or

downfrighteninghiIIsidestotowns[B17]indeepvalleys,Throughthese

lessdirectroutes,IongerandsIower,theygeneraIIygotopIaces[B181

theairiscleanandthesceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhave

a[B19]togetafresh,clean[B501oftheworld.

A.lying

B.laying

C.laid

D.lied

8.Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcarmakers,cost$2000andup.

Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,Iike

Lexus,BMWandAudi.ButitisadevelopingtechnoIogy-meaningprices

shouIdeventuallydrop-andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Even

atcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive,Itcanguideyou

frompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturnby-turn

directionsspokenbyaclearhumansoundingvoice,andwrittenonascreen

infrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakes

signaIsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24GIobaIPositioningSystem(GPS)

sateIIites.BymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaItotraveIbetween

thesateIIitesandtheantenna,thecar''sIocationcanbepinneddown

within100meters.ThesateIIitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeed

fromawheelspeedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar55

spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamap

database.Streets,IandmarksandpointsofinterestareincIuded.Most

systemsarebasicallyidenticaI.Thedifferencescomeinhardware-the

waythecomputeracceptsthedriver''srequestfordirectionsandthe

wayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverenters

adesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouch

screenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpoint

toanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW''ssystem

offerssetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhave

severalChoicesofmapseaIe)topickapointyou''dliketogetto.

Audi''sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthat

recitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemsIikeBMW''sand

Lexus''shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavaiIabIein

French,German,Spanish,Dutcharid,Italian,asweIIasEnglish.The

drivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,

shortestornofreeways,forexampIe.

Thenavigationcomputerfunctions.

A.bymeansofadirectionfinderandaspeeddetector

B.basicallyonsatellitesignalsandamapdatabase

C.mainlythroughthereceptionofturn-by-turndirections

D.byusingascreentodisplaysatellitesignals

9.TheUnitedStatesisweII-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighways

designedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortest

possibletime.[B1]thesewidemodemroadsaregenerally[B2]and

weIImaintained,with[B31sharpcurvesandmanystraight[B4],a

directrouteisnotalwaysthemost[B5]one.Largehighwaysoftenpass

[B6]seenicareasandinterestingsmalItowns,Furthermore,these

highwaysgenerally[B71largeurbancenters,whichmeansthatthey

becomecrowdedwith[B8]trafficduringrushhours,[B9]the"fast,

direct11routebecomesaveryslowmute.However,thereisLB1O]aIways

anotherroutetotakeLB11]youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe

[B12]new"superhighways'',thereareoftenolder,[B13]heaviIy

traveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.[B14]oftheseare

goodtwo-1aneroads;othersareunevenroadsLB15]throughthecountry.

Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh[B16],or

downfrighteninghiIIsidestotownsIB17]indeepvalleysfThroughthese

lessdirectroutes,IongerandsIower,theygeneraIIygotopIaces[B18]

theairiscleanandthesceneryisbeautifuI,andthedrivermayhave

a[B191togetafresh,clean[B50]oftheworld.

A.there

B.when

C.which

D.where

10.Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcarmakers,cost$2000and

up.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,

IikeLexus,BMWandAudi.ButitisadevelopingtechnoIogy-meaningprices

shouIdeventuallydrop-andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Even

atcurrentpricesyanavigationcomputerisimpressive,Itcanguideyou

frompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturnby-turn

directionsspokenbyaclearhumansoundingvoice,andwrittenonascreen

infrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakes

signaIsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24GIobaIPositioningSystem(GPS)

sateIIites.BymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaItotraveIbetween

thesateIIitesandtheantenna,thecar''sIocationcanbepinneddown

within100meters.ThesateIIitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeed

fromawheelspeedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar15

spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamap

database.Streets,IandmarksandpointsofinterestareincIuded.Most

systemsarebasicallyidenticaI.Thedifferencescomeinhardware-the

waythecomputeracceptsthedriver''srequestfordirectionsandthe

wayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverenters

adesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouch

screenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpoint

toanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW''ssystem

offerssetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhave

severalChoicesofmapseaIe)topickapointyou''dliketogetto.

Audi''sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthat

recitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemsIikeBMW''sand

Lexus''shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavaiIabIein

French,German,Spanish,Dutcharid,ItaiianfasweIIasEnglish.The

drivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,

shortestornofreeways,forexample.

ThenavigationsystemsincarsIikeLexus,BMWandAudiarementioned

toshow.

A.theimmaturityofthenewtechnology

B.thesuperiorityoftheglobalpositioningsystem

C.thecauseofpricefluctuationsincarequipment

D.thedifferentwaysofprovidingguidancetothedriver

11.TheUnitedStatesiswe11-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighways

designedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortest

possibletime.[B1]thesewidemodemroadsaregenerally[B2]and

weIImaintained,with(B3]sharpcurvesandmanystraight[B4],a

directrouteisnotalwaysthemost[B5]one.Largehighwaysoftenpass

[B6]seenicareasandinterestingsmalItowns,Furthermore,these

highwaysgenerally[B7]largeurbancenters,whichmeansthatthey

becomecrowdedwith[B8]trafficduringrushhours,LB9]the"fast,

direct11routebecomesaveryslowmute.However,thereis[B10]always

anotherroutetotake[B11]youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe

LB12]new"superhighways'',thereareoftenolder,[B13]heavily

traveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.[B14]oftheseare

goodtwo-1aneroads;othersareunevenroads[B15]throughthecountry.

Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh(B16],or

downfrighteninghiIIsidestotownsLB17]indeepvalleys,Throughthese

lessdirectroutes,IongerandsIower,theygeneraIIygotopIaces[B18]

theairiscleanandthesceneryisbeautifuIfandthedrivermayhave

a[B19]togetafresh,clean[B50]oftheworld.

A.space

B.period

C.chance

D.spot

12.AbreakthroughintheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropean

EconomicCommunitycouldbebroughtforwardbyuptotwodecades,ifa

modestincreasecouIdbeprovidedintheEEC''sresearcheffortinthis

field,accordingtotheseniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsin

solarenergyatEEC''sscientificlaboratoriesatIspra,nearMiIan.

TheseniorWestGermanscientistinchargeofthecommunity''ssolar

energyprogram,Mr.JoachimGretz,toldjournaliststhatatpresent

IeveIsofresearchspendingitwasmostuniikelythatsolarenergywould

provideasmuchasthreepercentoftheCommunity'5senergyrequirements

evenaftertheyear2000.Buthesaidthatwithamodestincreaseinth