專題四-語法填空-(記敘文)(原卷版)

年份2022年2021年卷區(qū)新高考全國卷新高考全國卷I卷II卷乙卷甲卷I卷II卷乙卷甲卷體裁說明文記敘文說明文記敘文說明文記敘文說明文記敘文主題中國政府計劃建立大熊貓國家公園正在修車的Henry拯救了小男孩的故事中國商會博物館慶祝第一個國際茶日一名有視力障礙的北京男子徒步旅行“一路一帶”事情介紹黃山的云海、溫泉及臺階作者為了保護環(huán)境，減少使用塑料垃圾介紹新興生態(tài)旅游的概念、起源及原則介紹作者瀏覽西安長城的活動有提示詞謂語動詞22111102非謂語動詞22430222名詞11111121形容詞01123222副詞11001000數(shù)詞00000100代詞00101010無提示詞介詞10110111冠詞1101111連詞1111111其他詞1（定語從句關系代詞）1（特殊疑問詞）01（定語從句關系代詞）1（主語從句關系代詞）1（定語從句關系代詞）00【題型說明】1、(1).在一篇200詞左右的短文中留出10空白；(2).分為提示詞型和無提示詞型兩種。2、該題型強調在語篇環(huán)境中考查考生加工處理語言信息、分析句子結構、熟練運用語法知識和詞匯知識的能力。3.有提示詞填空有6處或7處，考查側重點排序如下：(1)、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)及非謂語詞；(2)、詞性轉換,以動詞或名詞轉換為形容詞、形容詞轉換為副詞為主。無提詞填空有3處或4處，以考查介詞、連詞和詞及從句引導詞為主?！久}分析】近幾年語法填空的難度不大，所考查語法較為基礎，未來高考的考點分布會更加均勻和細化。語法填空分為有提示詞填空題型和無提示詞填空題型。有提示詞填空題型要求考生用括號內所給詞的適當形式填空，題中給出的王要是動詞、形容詞、副詞和名詞幾大詞類，考生需根據(jù)語境填出正確的詞形。無提示詞填空題型需要考生根據(jù)語境在設空處填入符合上下文邏輯、法、句法的詞匯，主要查冠詞、連詞(并列句)、介詞、情態(tài)動詞、(定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句等的)引導詞等，每空只填一詞?？忌筛鶕?jù)語境判斷設空處所表示的含義，通過分析句子成分確定詞性?！緫妓悸贰克悸?根據(jù)語法知識和詞匯知識填空根據(jù)某些語法知識或詞匯知識來解題。接非謂語動詞作賓語時，下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞(enjoy,consider,suggest,admit,finish,keep,avoid,miss,risk,delay等）；能接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞(want,decide,manage,plan,refuse,offer等)。另外對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語(如表示“喜歡”、“恨”等情感傾向的動詞后接it，然后構成固定結構)也要牢記。思路2根據(jù)邏輯關系或語篇標志詞填空語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位(句群、段落、篇章等)。語篇間往往有表明內在聯(lián)系的詞，稱為“語篇標志詞”，如：表示結構層次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示因果關系的詞有thus,therefore,so等；表示轉折關系或變換話題的詞和詞組有however,but,bytheway等。語篇標志詞對迅速理清文章的脈絡、弄清上下文的關系很有幫助。如果設空處沒有給出提示詞，考生就需要根據(jù)文章大意、上下文的邏輯關系及對一些長難句結構的分析和理解來確定設空處在句中的功能，界定詞性，進而確定它的意義，最后確定它的形式。思路3根據(jù)固定短語或句型填空熟練掌握一些常見的短語和搭配，如asamatteroffact,haveindoingsth.,beproudof,bytheway,congratulate...on...,devote...to...earnone'sliving,belikelytodosth.,feellikedoing,keepone''word,makeupone'smind等及常用的句型，如so/such...that...,Thereisnodoubtthat.…,Thereisnosensein(doing)sth.等，對解題很有幫助。思路4根據(jù)句式分析填空做語法填空題時，經(jīng)常會碰到一些長難句，如復合句和并列句，而設空處也沒有給出提示詞。這時，考生需首先抓住句子的主干，然后再分析其他的部分，這樣，解題過程便得到簡化，從而容易確定設空處是需要填寫并列連詞還是從句的引導詞等。【解題步驟】步驟1通讀全文,理解大意快速瀏覽全文，尤其要認真閱讀文章首句，把握文章大意和作者的寫作意圖，并確定主體時態(tài)。步驟2巧用已知，分析結構，確定詞性(1)、熟記詞語的搭配，根據(jù)搭配，可以比較容易地在文章中找出隱藏的提示；(2)、弄清句子的意義，了解句子之間的邏輯關系，以確定連詞的使用；(3)、遇到從句時首先要判斷是什么從句，然后注意所填詞在從句中充當什么成分；(4)、遇到非謂語動詞時要分析句子結構，按“確定成分、確定主被動關系、確定動作所發(fā)生的時間”這三步來解決；(5)、遇到動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)問題時要看時間狀語提示、上下句或前后文的時間暗示；(6)、分析句子結構，運用各種技巧確定設空處所缺單詞的詞性，再根據(jù)語境確定其正確形式。步驟3重讀全文，仔細核查，語法正確，語意貫通做完題后，將全文仔細審讀一遍，在確保文意通順的前提下，檢查所填詞的拼寫、大小寫等是否正確?！究挤ǚ治觥靠挤?提示詞是動詞當括號內提示詞是動詞時，應先判斷設空處為謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。(1)、若句中缺少謂語，則主要考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致等。其解題方法為：①根據(jù)語境或句中的時間標志詞確定時態(tài)；②根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的主被動關系確定動詞的語態(tài)(考生應注意被動語態(tài)的特殊用法，如主動形式表示被動含義)；③注意主謂一致。(2)、若句中已有謂語，且設空處不是作并列謂語，則考慮填非謂語動詞。其解題方法為：①根據(jù)非謂語動詞在句中所作的句于成分、句式要求等，確定應用動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞還是不定式(作主語或賓語常用動名詞或不定式，作目的狀語要用不定式，而作時間、原因、伴隨等狀語常用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞)。②尋找邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語與所給動詞之間的關系(如果它們之間是主動關系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；如果是被動關系，則用過去分詞形式；但當含有被動意義時，如果非謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用動詞不定式的被動式；如果非謂語動詞表示的動作正在進行，則用動詞-ing形式的被動式);③分析所給動詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的先后順序，確定是用一般式還是完成式。[全國新高考12020·38]The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.【解析】句意為：例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬件藏品是1759年開放的大英博物館的核心藏品。分析句子成分可知，該空為主句的謂語；根據(jù)語境可知，此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應用一般過去時，故填formed.?？挤?提示詞是形容詞或副詞如果括號內提示詞是形容詞或副詞,主要考查點有:(1)、詞性轉換，如形容詞和副詞之間的轉換、形容詞或副詞與名詞、動詞之間的轉換。其解題方法為：首先應分析句子結構，確定要填的詞在句中充當?shù)某煞?，然后根?jù)構詞法將括號中的詞轉化為需要的詞類。如修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子要用副詞；修飾名詞要用形容詞。當詞性不一定要變時，要注意與詞根意義相反的派生詞，如在所給提示詞前加前綴un-,im-,in-,il-,dis-,mis-等(2)、考查形容詞或副詞的比較等級?？忌筛鶕?jù)句中出現(xiàn)的標志詞than或“the+比較級,he+比較級”及句中的隱含比較意義確定用比較級還是最高級。[全國I2020·62]Landingonthemoon''sfarsideis__________(extreme)challenging.【解析】句意為:著陸在月球的背面是極具挑戰(zhàn)性的。分析句子成分可知，此處用于修飾形容詞challenging,應用副詞，故填extremely?？挤?提示詞是名詞當提示詞是名詞時，一般考查其復數(shù)形式、名詞所有格等，或轉換成其他詞類，如轉換成形容詞形式。其解題方法為：(1)、根據(jù)題干的語法結構，特別是空前的限定詞判斷詞性，冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞等之后應用名詞。(2)、確定詞性為名詞后，再確定名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，用名詞的所有格還是其他形式。如果名詞可數(shù),則需根據(jù)其前的限定詞及謂語動詞的形式確定名詞單復數(shù)。[全國II2019·70]Wearesoproudofher.It's_________(wonder).【解析】句意為:這太棒了。設空處前有系動詞is，應用形容詞作表語，表示主語的特征或狀態(tài),故填wonderful?？挤?提示詞是代詞(1)、解答填寫代詞的題目時，應注意分析句子結構。若句中缺少主語，則填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若動詞或介詞后缺賓語，則要填代詞賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若空后為名詞，設空處可填形容詞性物主代詞或不定代詞；若賓語與主語是同一人或物，則用反身代詞。(2)、根據(jù)句式結構，判斷句子是否為it的特殊句式，即it作形式主語、形式賓語或用在強調句中。[全國新高考I2020·42]Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations（模擬）andimagine_________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.【解析】句意為：在看展時，參觀者們還可以利用電腦模擬程序，想象他們生活在一個不同的歷史期或穿行在熱帶雨林中。分析句子成分可知，此處為imaginesb.doingsth.結構，設空處為動詞imagine的賓語，且與主語visitors指的是同一對象，故填反身代詞themselves.考法5考查冠詞(1)、下列情況中，設空處很可能是考查不定冠詞：①_______+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù);②_______+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(2)、下列情況中，設空處很可能是考查定冠詞：①__________(+定語)+名詞+of等介詞短語(表示特指)；②__________(+定語)+名詞+定語從句(表示特指)；③__________(+定語)+名詞+不定式短語或分詞短語(表示特指)。(3)、如果空后有序數(shù)詞、最高級、表特定意義的比較級等，且無提示詞，那么一般要填冠詞。[全國II2020·70]Theplumtreesare__________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).【解析】句意為：梅花樹是第一批開花的樹，甚至在冰雪正在融化的時候(就已經(jīng)開花了)。根據(jù)設空處的序數(shù)詞first可知，沒空處應用定冠詞，表示“第一個”。故填the?？挤?考查介詞空后如果是名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句，且它們不作主語或動詞賓語時，可能會填介詞；或空前是動詞，空后為名詞、動名詞時，設空處可能會填介詞構成動詞短語。也可根據(jù)語境及介詞與名詞、動詞、形容詞等的搭配，如devote..to...,awareof,onsale,chargefor等判斷是否應填介詞。[全國新高考I2020·45]Museumsmustcompete_______people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.【解析】句意為：博物館必須同其他的娛樂項目競爭，以獲得人們的空閑時間與金錢。competefor...with...為固定搭配，意為“為……與……競爭”，故填for?？挤?考查并列連詞或從句的引導詞從句的類型主要有：狀語從句、名詞性從句和定語從句。(1)、并列句考查并列連詞and,but,or,so等；(2)、狀語從句考查從屬連詞because,as,since,though,although,if,unless,when,while,before,after等；(3)、名詞性從句考查引導詞that,if/whether,which,who,what,where,how等；(4)、定語從句考查關系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose及關系副詞when,where等。其解題方法為：①連接兩個功能對等的單詞或短語時，應填并列連詞and，or,but等。若兩個句子(有兩個主謂結構)之間沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，則設空處應填連詞，否則句子結構不完整。②根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系，或者根據(jù)句式結構，確定是并列句還是主從復合句。如果是主從復合句，則根據(jù)各類從句的特點，結合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個連接詞。定語從句：首先確定先行詞，然后分析關系詞在從句中充當什么成分，結合關系詞的意義和用法，確定具體的關系詞。名詞性從句：a分析從句在主句中所充當?shù)某煞?，確定從句是主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句還是同位語從句;b分析從句結構確定從句引導詞；若從句結構完整，用從屬連詞，如：陳述事實用that；表示“是否”用if或whether；若從句缺少主語、賓語或表語，則考慮用連接代詞；若從句缺少狀語，則用連接副詞。狀語從句：如果句中不缺少主語、賓語、表語，則應是缺少狀語，然后根據(jù)設空處在從句中是作時間狀語、地點狀語、方式狀語還是原因狀語等，確定具體的連接詞。[全國Ⅲ2020·65]________heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary（傳奇的）artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.【解析】句意為：當他問江岸上的村民們他要到哪兒才能找到這位傳奇的畫家時，村民們笑了并指了指江水的下游。結合句意可知，此處引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……時”，故應用When或As引導。考法8考查助動詞或情態(tài)動詞分析句子結構，如果句子結構完整，空后的謂語動詞是動詞原形或havedone；或bedoing等，或上下文時態(tài)不一致時，可能需填情態(tài)動詞；如果強調謂語動詞則需要填助動詞do,does,did等?！纠縄'mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI________makeenoughmoney.【解析】句意為：如果我能夠掙到足夠的錢，就會和約翰一起去歐洲度假。由句意可知，此處表示能力，故填can，意為“能夠”?？挤?考查特殊句式主要考查強調句型、祈使句、感嘆句、therebe句型及部分倒裝句中動詞的時態(tài)?！纠縄twasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter________shementionedherownplan.【解析】句意為：直到信的結尾處她才提到了自己的計劃。此句為含有notuntil的強調句式，強調狀語notuntilneartheendoftheletter,故答案為that。Passage1（2022·全國新高考II卷真題）HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe___1___(fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knockedHenrydownwhenhefell.Theboyisinthehospitalanddoctorssayhe'llbeOK.___2___BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell___3___(sleep)whilewatchingTV.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___4___(see)them.Whenhelookeddown,he___5___(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.Hehungonforafewminutes___6___screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim.Henry___7___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly___8___(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.Hesavedmy___9___(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow___10___tothankhim.”"Ijustdidn'twanttheboytobehurt,"saidHenry.Passage2（2022·全國·高考甲卷真題）Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___11___(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___12___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation___13___(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.___14___friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___15___(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___16___(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.Inthelastfiveyears.Cao___17___(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s___18___(high)mountain.Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers___19___Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,____20____(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.Passage3（2021·全國新高考II卷真題）I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe____21____(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,____22____(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething____23____(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany____24____usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.

Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany____25____emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow____26____(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso____27____(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto____28____(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany____29____(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_____30_____plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.Passage4（2021·全國·高考甲卷真題）TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It___31___(build)originallytoprotectthecity___32___theTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).Itispossible

___33___(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.WeaccessedthewallthroughtheSouthGate.Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.After___34___(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat___35___(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!We___36___(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshaky___37___didthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoall___38___wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand___39___(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir____40____(day)routines.Passage1（2022·安徽省蕪湖市教育局模擬預測）Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternòfulfilledthedreamofalifetime:He____1____(get)auniversitydegree.Mr.Paternò’s____2____(graduate)hasinspirednewsreportsaroundtheworld,partlybecause____3____hisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofcommitment,athemethathasresonated(產(chǎn)生共鳴)asmillionsofschoolchildreninItalyandelsewherefaceextraordinaryuncertaintyduringthecoronaviruspandemic.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildrenina“verypoorfamily”,Mr.Paternòbeganworkingsoonafter____4____(finish)elementaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretired,inthemid-1980s,thathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryprovesthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—ifnotinageatleastinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests.”saidRosellaCancila,hisessayadviserand____5____professorofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathree-yeardegree,____6____(follow)byatwo-yearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternò____7____(continue)hisstudies.Heisn’tsosure.“Ihavetoadmitthatinthismoment,Idon’tknow____8____Iwouldhandleitwiththesamespirit.”hesaid,notingthatalltheattentionhadbeenabittiring.Still,Mr.Paternòsaid,hewould____9____(probable)registeranyway.“Iwanttokeepmy_____10_____(choice)open.”Passage2（2022·江西·一模）BeforecomingtoChinatoteach,Iwronglyassumedthattherewouldbemuch___11___(difficult)formesinceIcouldn’tspeakChinesewell.Nevertheless,whileitpresentedsomeinterestingchallenges,IcannotstressenoughhowwarmthemajorityofpeopleImet___12___(be).Makingfriendswasmybigconcern___13___firstbutIsoonsettledinandbecamegoodfriendswiththefellowteachers.Thereweren’tmanyforeignersattheschoolin___14___Iwasteaching,butIhadplentyoffriendlyneighbours___15___(keep)mecompany.Theyoftenhadmeroundfordinner!InChina,teachers___16___(normal)getseveralweeksoffforChineseNewYear,soIwasfortunateenoughtotravelabit.IlovedwalkingalongtheGreatWallandvisitingtheForbiddenCity.WhenitcomestomyfavouriteChinesefood,howcanIpossiblychoose?!Everymealwasafeast,especiallywiththelowcostoflivingwhichmeanteatingoutwasn’tjustsomething___17___(luxury).WhileIlovedthebigcrowdeddinnerswith20+dishesonthetable,Iwas___18___bigfanofthehomemadedumplingsmyfriendmadeforme.I'dstronglyconsidergoingbackjusttotastethemagain!Overall,itcan'tbe___19___(good)ifyoucanhavethechancetoteachinChinaforsometime.I’dabsolutelydoitagainif____20____(give)thechance.Passage3（2022·四川·成都七中模擬預測）MostofmyfriendshaveneverbeentoChina.Ihavebeenluckyenoughtomakeatleastthirteentripsthere,someonbusiness,othersfor___21___(please).WheninChina,Ihadtheopportunitytoeatinalotofdifferentrestaurants,___22___(range)fromthelargeandfancytothesmallandpedestrian.___23___Ireallymiss,andcan’tgethereinCanadaistheChinesestreetfood.Yearsago,whileworkinginBeijing,myroutetotheofficetookmethoughahutongandIalwayspassedamanmakingfoodonacuttingboard.Themanhadalargebowlofwhitedoughfromwhichhewouldbreakoffapiecethatherolledintoaballalittle___24___(large)thanagolfball.Thishethenflattenedintoa“waffle”abouttencentimetersacrossandwenton___25___(cook)onthehottopofanoilbarrel,turningthe“waffle”___26___constantly.Anegg,sometimestwo,wouldbespreadoverthistogetherwith___27___(chop)onionsandsomesortofspices.Thewholething___28___(serve)inapaperwrapper.Iwouldtaketwoofthese,brewacupofcoffeeandhavean___29___(absolute)deliciousbreakfast.Unfortunately,Idon’tthinkIwilleveragainhavetheprivilegeoftravellingtoChina___30___thestreetfoodtreatswillhavetoliveononlyinmymemory.Passage4（2022·遼寧·東北育才學校模擬預測）BorninChinain1911,QianXuesenmajoredinrailroadengineeringatJiaotongUniversityinShanghaibutswitchedtoaeronautics(航空學)in1935____31____hecametotheUnitedStatestopursuegraduatestudies.He____32____(earn)amaster’sdegreein1936fromMITandthenaPhDin1939.Shortlythereafter,heworkedinAmericaandplayedacontributingroleintheAmericanspaceprogram.In1950,____33____(he)requesttoreturntoChinawasdenied.Eventually,heleftwithhisfamilyforChinain1955asaresultofdiplomaticnegotiationsinGeneva.UponhisreturntoChina,Qian____34____(appoint)asdirectoroftheInstituteofMechanicsintheChineseAcademyofSciencesinBeijing.Inthelate1950sandearly1960s,hehelpedChinaconductthefirsttestofanatomic(原子的)bomb____35____(deliver)byamediumrangemissilein1966.Hefurthermorecontributed____36____Chinalaunchingitsfirstsatellitein1970.Inhislateryears,QianwasalsocreditedinChinaforprovidingcriticalsupportofthehumanspaceflightprogramwhenitfacedcutbacks.Hewas____37____(especial)influentialinhis____38____(promote)ofsystemsengineeringinaerospace(航天航空)projectsandother____39____(area)untilhisdeathin2009.Qianisregardedas_____40_____pioneeringandfoundationalfigureinthehistoryofChina’sspaceprogram.Passage5（2022·河北石家莊·模擬預測）ChinesecultureisbecomingmorepopularinyoungNamibiansastheyarepursuingtheChineselanguage.RenaStephanus,____41____communicationgraduate,enrolledin(參加)aChineselanguagecourseattheConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofNamibiathisyear.“Chineseisoneofthemostwidely____42____(speak)languagesintheworld.Whereveryouareintheworld,youwillbeexposedtothelanguageoneway____43____another.MycuriosityaboutChinaand____44____(it)peoplemotivatedmetoenroll,”she____45____(say)lastWednesday.StephanusbelievedthattheChineselanguageisessentialforher____46____(communicate).“Theremovingofcommunicationbarriersistheprimaryreason____47____IenrolledforChinese.”Althougha____48____(begin)inthecourse,StephanushasseenherinterestgrowinChina’shistoryandtheChineseculture.AccordingtoStephanus,Chineseart,musicandliteraturehavenowbecomean____49____(importance)partofherlife.“The____50____(cultural)richcountryhassomuchtobeexploredandtheexposuretothelanguagegraduallyimprovesmybasicunderstandingofChinaanditspeople,”Stephanussaid.Passage6（2022·福建龍巖·三模）JiangYufan,21,wasinspiredfortheoriginaldesignoftheOlympicWinterGames’mascotShueyRhonRhon.Shewasbroughtupinasmalltownwithredlanternshangingeverywhere,leavingitbathed___51___astrongfestiveatmosphere.Thepastfouryearswitnessedthemostsignificantperiodofherlife.Itwasin2018___52___thethenjuniorstudentattheJilinUniversityofArtspresented___53___design-aChineseknotandadumpling.___54___(feel)theydidn’tgotogetherwell,herteacherurgedhertoreviseherdesignagain.Later,she___55___(submit)thefirstdraftofhernowwinningentry,aChineseknotandaredlantern.JiangandherteachertravelledbetweenChangchunandBeijingmorethan30times___56___(polish)thedesign.Manyformermascotshadbeen___57___(animal),soJiangwasrequiredtomakehersmorelivelyanddynamic.For300days,Jiangandherteamworkedonthedesign,butsheneverthoughtofgiving___58___(she)up.Theirhardworkhad___59___(eventual)paidoff,andShueyRhonRhonwaschosentobetheofficialmascotforthe2022BeijingParalympicGames.Jiangsaidtheprocesshelpedhergrowandshehopedherlanternwouldbring___60___(warm)totheworldandlightuppeople’sdreams.Passage7（2022·山東·模擬預測）YaoZhongyu,astudentofBeihangUniversityfromTaiwan,toldhisparentsinavideo___61___(post)onlinethathewouldnotbeabletospendtheSpringFestivalwith___62___(they)ashevolunteeredfortheBeijing2022WinterOlympicGames.“BeijingissuchabigstageandIhavemissedoutonmanyofthebigeventsthat___63___(take)placeinthepastfewyears.Itisa___64___(significance)opportunitytoparticipateasavolunteerinsuchaninternationalevent,”Yaosaid.Inorder___65___(select),YaohadpassedtheCollegeEnglishTestbeforehesignedupasavolunteer,attendedtheRedCrossrescuetraining,___66___wasorganizedbyBeihangUniversity,andobtainedacorrespondingcertificate.“Myparentsthinkthatitisanhonor___67___metobeapartoftheBeijing2022andthey___68___(true)takeprideinme,”Yaosaid.YaoworkedasavolunteerintheYanqingcompetitionzoneinthesuburbanareaofBeijing.AccordingtoYao,themainlandhasdone___69___greatjobinCOVID-19preventionandcontrol,andBeijinghasmanypoliciestosupportstudentsfromTaiwantostartbusinessesandfindjobs.Heplanstopursuehiscareerinthemainlandafter___70___(complete)hisstudies.Passage8（2022·湖北·武漢市第十二中學模擬預測）Fu,60,hasbeenacyclingenthusiastformanyyears,andithasalwaysbeenhisdreamtogotoLhasabybike.In2019,heretiredandhasbeenabletodevotemoretimetocycling____71____then.Afteroverhalfayearof____72____(prepare),onMay22,hesetoff.Fu____73____(ride)uptomorethan100kmperday,andalongthewayhehadencounteredrain,fogandwind.Worsestill,he____74____(see)wolveswhichmadehim____75____(desperate)tiredsometimes.Thebiggestdifficultyisclimbingmountainsatahighaltitude,forthereisaseverelackofoxygen.____76____hewasnotalone.Duringtheride,hepostedwhathesawandheardonsocialmediaandattractedmanyfollowers.After82days,cycling____77____totalof5,600km,hefinallygottoMountQomolangma,passing____78____sixprovincesandregions.Fubelievesitwashisscientificapproachtotrainingthatenabledhim____79____(overcome)thosedifficultiesandreachhisdestination.“Also,Myfamily,friendsandcyclistsfromalloverthecountryallgavemegreatencouragementandsupport.Withoutthem,Imightnothavefinished,”saysFu.Forthefuture,Fuhasmany_____80_____(much)plans.“IwillcontinueridingeveryyearandtrytorealizemydreamofridingaroundChina,”hesays.Passage9（2022·江蘇蘇州·三模）AsmanyChinesepeoplecelebratedthenation’s____81____(late)spacewalk,theywerealsothinkingofthe___