2023屆河北省保定市高三一模英語(yǔ)試題（含聽力）（解析版）

2023年高三第一次模擬考試

英語(yǔ)試題

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需

改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫

在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.

B.￡9.18.

C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

I.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatwillthemanprobablydothisweekend?

A.Climbmountains.

B.Haveapicnic.

C.Seehisgrandparents.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend?

W:Iftheweatherisfine,Tilclimbmountainsorhaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Howaboutyou?

M:I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparentswithmyaunt.

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

WheredoesBillworknow?

A.Inasupermarket.

B.Inagarage.

C.hiarestaurant.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Ihaven'tseenyouatthesupermarketfbrawhile,Bill.

M:Ileftlastmonth.Ifinishedmymechanicscourse.I'mworkingatthecarrepairshopnexttotheItalian

restaurant.Youcanbringyourcarherenextlimeyouhaveaproblem.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatistherelationshipbetween(hespeakers?

A.Teacherandstudent.

B.Schoolfriends.

C.Fellowworkers.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Now,iftherearcnomorequestions,let'smoveontothenextchapter.

M:Excuseme,professor-couldwcgooverthatlastpointoncemore?

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Howdocsthewomanfeelaboutthemeal?

A.Greatlysatisfied.

B.Abitdissatisfied.

C.Terriblydisappointed.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Iseverythingtoyoursatisfaction,ma'am?

W:Yes,allthefoodisdeliciousexceptthatthereistoomuchsaltinthesoup.Andyourserviceisalsoverygood.

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

WhydoesAmbercallMike?

A.Toaskafavor.

B.Torentanapartment.

C.Tofindhimaroommate.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Hello,Mike.ThisisAmber.Ihearthatyou,relookingforanapartment,andmybrotherJackjust

rentedatwo-bedroomdowntown.Heislookingforasuitableroommate.

M:Great.Tmlookingfbraplacerightinthatarea.Thatsoundsideal.

第二節(jié)（共15小題海小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽下面?段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，清去附件杳看】

6.Whatarcthespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Howtostartaspeech.

B.Howtobehaveinpublic.

C.Howtoconnectwithpeople.

7.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetowardstheman'ssuggestion?

A.Supportive.

B.Doubtful.

C.Disapproving.

【答案】6.A7.C

【解析】

【原文】W:1wouldliketobeginmythank-youspeechbysaying"1wanttowhole-heartedlythankthosewho

stuckwithmealongtheway.”

M:Yoifrcnotgoingtostartyourspeechwiththatboringopening,areyou?

W:Ithinkit'saniceopening.

M:It'stooformal.Howabout“HeyEmily,you'retotallyawesome.AndTania,you'reabsolutelyamazing.”？

W:Thatdoesn'tevencomeclosetoexpressinghowIfeel.Iwanttothankpeoplefbrtheirkindnessandsupport

fromthebottomofmyheart.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，清去附件查看】

8.Howoftendoes(hemanrun?

A.Twiceaweek.

B.Fourdaysaweek.

C.Everyday.

9.Whicheventis(hemangoodat?

A.Shortdistance.

B.Middledistance.

C.Longdistance.

10.Howfastcanthemanruntheeventnow?

A.In3minutesand47seconds.

B.Within4minutes.

C.Inabout6minutes.

【答案】8.B9.B10.B

【解析】

【原文】W:We'vebeenrunningthelastcoupleofdaysandyou'reafastrunner.Howoftendoyourun?

M:Well,nowIonlyrunaboutfourdaysaweek.ButwhenIwasyounger,everyday.

W:Oh,really!Didyouruninhighschoolorcollege?

M:Believeitornot,Istartedwhen1wassixyearsold.

W:Wow.Soareyouabettershortdistancerunnerorlongdistancerunner?

M:Actuallymiddledistancerunner.

W:Howfarisamiddledistance?

M:About1,50()meters.

W:What'syourfastesttimeinthe1.500meters?

M:Ah,threeminutesandforty-sevenseconds.

W:That'sprettyfast.

M:IdidthatinhighschoolandIwonagoldmedalthen.ThoughI'mnotsofastnow,stillIcanruntheevent

withinfourminutes.

W:That'sprettycool.Mytimewillbeaboutsixminutes.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，清去附件查看】

11.Whydoesthewomanwanttoplantvegetables?

A.Tosavemoney.

B.Tosellfreshfood.

C.Totryanewhobby.

12.Whatis(hemanconcernedabout?

A.Thelackofgardeningskills.

B.Thelimitedroomforgardening.

C.Thetimetocleanthebackyard.

13.Whatwill(heydonext?

A.Purchasesomeseeds.

B.Checkoutawebsite.

C.Askneighborsfbrhelp.

【答案】1LC12.A13.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Haveyoueverconsideredstartingavegetablegardeninourbackyard,darling?

M:11mm,I'mnotsure.What'sthepoint?Wccanjustbuyvegetablesatthesupermarket.

W:Well.Ithinkitwouldbeadelightfulhobbyforustodotogether.Besides,wewouldhavefresh,organic

produce.

M:That'savalidpoint.Itcouldalsosavemoneyongroceriesandhelpusstayhealthy.ButI'mconcernedabout

thetimeandeffortitwouldtaketomaintainthegarden.Andwhatifwcdon'thaveagreenthumb?

W:Don'tworry,wecanstartsmallandlearnasweprogress.Additionally,wehaveaccesstoawealthofonline

resourcesandhelpfulneighborswhocanhelpus.

M:Alright,I'mwillingtogiveitago.Whatshouldweplantfirst?

W:Howaboutsomecasy-to-growvegetablesliketomatoesandpeppers?Andwccanalsoplantsonicherbs.

M:Soundsgood.Let'shituptheshopfbrsomeseedsnow.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，清去附件查看】

14.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Attendingalecture.

B.Conductinganinterview.

C.Holdingapressconference.

15.Whathasthewomanbeenplanningtodo?

A.Takephotographyclassesinanartschool.

B.Workasaphotographerinthefuture.

C.Domultiplejobsatthesametime.

16.WhatdoesaNationalGeographickindofphotographerdo?

A.Developphotosofdifferentcolorsandsizes.

B.Hostphotographicexhibitionstomakemoney.

C.Presentgeographicfeaturesbyphotographinginvariousplaces.

17.Whatisthemostimportantthingforcommercialshooting?

A.Tofollowsomesetroutines.

B.Tosatisfytheneedsofcustomers.

C.Toexpressthevoicesofsomepeople.

【答案】14.B15.A16.C17.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Hi,Marina.CanIaskafewqucsdons?

W:Yes,sure,goahead.

M:Asaphotographer,youarcquitesuccessful.Canyoutellmewhocanbecomeaphotographer?

W:Anyonecanbecomeaphotographer,aslongasyouwantit.It'snotlikeyouneedadegreeorcertificateor

anything.Yes,TvcbeenplanningtotakephotographyclassesinanartschoolintheUK,butbeforethis,I'd

alreadybeenworkingasaphotographerforyears—Istartedbyusingmyphoneinjuniorhigh.Someofmy

phetographerfriendsdootherjobsatthesametime—theyarcmusicmakers,vloggersanddirectors.

M:Whatdoesaphotographerusuallydo?

W:Therearcdifferentkindsofphotographersandourlivesandworkcanbequitedifferent,too.ANational

Geographickindofphotographermaytraveltodifferentplaces,takingphotosofarchitecture,landscapesand

animals.Butfashionphotographerslikeme,mainlydotwothings—commercialshootsandourowncreative

projects.Theformerisformakingmoneyandofferingservicetocustomers.Thelatterisforexpression—wepost

thesephotosonourownsocialmedia,submitthemtomediaoutletsandcontests,orhostphotographicexhibitions

toshowthemoff.

M:Whatmakesagoodphotographer?

W:Forcommercialshooting,therearesomeroutinesthatwecanfollowandthemostimportantthingistomeetthe

needsofourcustomers.ForourOWEshoots,whatmattersmostisthatyouhavesomethingthatyouwantto

express,andthesethingscanbereceivedorunderstoodbyacertaingroupofpeoplewhothinksimilarly.

M:Thanksforhavinggiventheinterview.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

18.WhendidMozartbegintocomposemusic?

A.Attheageoffour.

B.Attheageoffive.

C.Inhisearlyteens.

19.WherewasMozart'sfirstmajoroperaperformed?

A.InMilan.

B.InVienna.

C.InSalzburg.

20.WhatdidMozartdowhenhestoppedperforming?

A.liedidbusiness.

B.Hetaughtforaliving.

C.Hecomposedmusic.

【答案】18.B19.A20.C

【解析】

【原文】W:Mozartwasanoutstandingmusicianandcomposerwhosefamecontinuestogrowmorethan

twocenturiesafterhisdeath.HewasborninSalzburg,Austria,in1756.Beforetheageoftour,hehadshowngreat

musicaltalent.Hisfatherthendecidedtolethimstarttakinginstrumentallessons.Theboy'sreputationasa

musicaltalentgrewfast.Atfive,hewascomposingmusic.Fromthattimeon,Mozartwasperforminginconcerts

andwritingmusic.Byhisearlyteens,hehadmasteredthepianoandviolin,andwaswritingsymphoniesand

operas.HisfirstmajoroperawasperformedinMilanin1770,whenhewasonlyfourteen.Atfifteen,Mozart

becametheconductorforanorchestrainSalzburg.In1781,heleftfcrVienna,wherehewasingreatdemandas

bothaperformerandacompositionteacher.Hisfirstoperawasasuccess.Butlifewasnoteasybecausehewasa

poorbusinessman,andhisfinanceswerealwaysinabadstate.Hismusicfromthenextdecadewasnotvery

popular,andheeventuallyfellbackonhisteachingjobsforaliving.In1788hestoppedperforminginpublic,

preferringonlytocompose.Hediedin1791attheageofthirty-five.Althoughhelivedonlyashortlife,he

composedover600works.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Tolivebetterandbehealthier,havinghelpfulappsforsmartdevicescanbeofgreatbenefit.

Lifesum

Theappofferspersonalizeddietary（飲食的）andfitnessguidanceforeveryone.Itnotonlyallowsusersto

tracktheirweight,height,gender,ar.dfitnessgoalsbutalsoprovidesmicrotrackingforthosewithspecialized

dietaryrequirements.Thefoodandexercisetrackingareaccessibleforfree,aswellassocialfeatures.Everything

elserequiressubscriptionspaidfbrthree,six,ortwelvemonthsatatimeinadvance.

HomeWorkout

Thishealthappprovidesworkoutsyoucandoathomewithnoequipment.Rangingfromwarm-ups,

stretching,weighttrainingandstrengthtraining,itprovidesvideoandanimationguides,chartsandtrackingtohelp

beginners.Withthisapp,youwon,tneedtospendafortuneonexercisecquipincnt-justadownloadbuttonanda

feuextraminutesfbryourdailyfitnessexercises.

Headspace

Thismeditationappoffersvariousguidedmeditationstorelieveyourstressandanxiety,emergencySOS

sessionsforcalmingneedsandvariousprogramsaccordingtoyourindividualrequirement.Itevensendsyouthe

occasionalmessagetellingyoutocalmdownandbreathealittlebit.Withafree10-daytrialandtwofee-based

subscriptionchoices:512.99permonthand$69.99peryear.

TickTick

TickTickisagreatto-dolistappwhichhelpsuserstorememberoccasionssuchasdoctor^appointments,

takingmedicinesorbuyingproteinshakes.Itissuitableforworkandhometasks.Itevenallowsuserstosharetheir

categoriesandtaskswithothers.Thoughnotahealthappexactly,it'sdefinitelyhelpfulfbrhealthreasons.Thefree

versionoffersallfeaturesanduptotworeminderspertask,whilemorethanthatcostsextra$27.99peryear.

21.Whichappoffersdietaryguidance?

A.Lifesum.

B.HomeWorkout.

C.Headspace.

D.TickTick.

22.WhatisthebenefitofusingHeadspace?

A.Boostingyourpassiontoworkout.

B.Developingahealthiereatinghabit.

C.Helpingrelieveyourstressandanxiety.

D.Havingaccesstodiverseprograms.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tocomparethefunctionsofhealthapps.

B.Tointroducesomehelpfulhealthapps.

C.Toleachreadershowtosubscribeapps.

D.Toguidereaderstouseappsforfree.

【答案】21.A22.C23.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四款有用的應(yīng)用程序及其功能。

（21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Lifesun】”中第一句"Theappofferspersonalizeddietary（飲食的）andfitnessguidancefor

everyone.（該應(yīng)用程序針對(duì)每一個(gè)人提供個(gè)性化飲食和健康指導(dǎo)）”可知，Lifesum能提供飲食指導(dǎo)。故選A

項(xiàng)。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Headspacen中第一句"Thismeditationappoffersvariousguidedmeditationstorelieve

yourstressandanxiety,emergencySOSsessionsforcalmingneedsandvariousprogramsaccordingtoyour

individualrequirement.（這個(gè)冥想應(yīng)用程序提供各種引導(dǎo)冥想，以緩解你的壓力和焦慮，根據(jù)你的個(gè)人需求

提供緊急SOS會(huì)議和各種項(xiàng)目）”可知，該應(yīng)用程序可以緩解壓力和焦慮。故選C項(xiàng)。

[23題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Tolivebetterandbehealthier,havinghelpfulappsforsmartdevicescanbeofgreat

benefit為智能設(shè)備安裝有用的應(yīng)用程序有極大的好處，能夠使生活更美好更健康）”并結(jié)合下文對(duì)四款應(yīng)

用程序的介紹可推知，本文的目的是介紹一些有用的健康應(yīng)用程序。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

TherewasauniquerestaurantinLondonthatbeatoutthousancsofstylishrestaurantstoearnthetopranking

onthepopularTripAdvisor,despitenotexisting.

ThetalebeganwithabeliefthatOobahButlerhaddevelopedafterapart-timejobwritingfake(虛假

的)TripAdvisorreviewsforrestaurants:Thesitewasa4tfalscreality”,despitemillionsofgenuinereviews.He

decidedtoseehowfarhecouldtakeafakerestaurantonthesiteso“TheShedatDulwich“wasborn.Butlercreated

awebpagewithamenubasedonemotionsandattractivephotographsofdishes.Healsolisteditslocationasthe

streethelivedonwithnoaddress,callingitan''appointment-onlyrestaurant"，toavoidbeingattackedbyfact—

checkers.

TheShedwasunexpectedlyapprovedbyTripAdvisortobelistedinMay,startingoutasthe18,149th-ranked

restaurantin(hecity:deadlast.Buderbeganhavingfamilyandfriendsfloodthesitewithfakereviews.**Spenta

weekendinLondonandheardthatthisplaceisamust-visit/'onewrote.uAfterafewmildlyfrustratingphonecalls

Iwasin.^^Soonthecustomersstartedcalling.uWe7efullybooked,“Butlertoldthewould-bediners.However,the

restaurant'sreputationstartedtogrowinTripAdvisor'srankings.SoniccompaniesusedanestimatedlocationofThe

ShedonGoogletosendfreesamples(oBuller,expecting(oworkv/i(hhim.InNovember,Butlerreceivedanote

fromTripAdvisorsayingTheShedhadbecometheNo.lrankedrestaurantinLondon!

Butlerthoughtitwastimetoexposethetrick.Thestoryhasbeenpraisedasanincredible能at(事跡).However,

inanerathatisincreasinglybeinginfluencedbyallofthedisinformationthatcanbefoundonline,ithasalsoserved

asanotherreminderoftheeasewithwhichdishonestactorsareabletohandleonlineplatformstosometimes

unthinkableresults.

24.WhatdoesOobahButlerthinkofTripAdvisor?

A.Itisareliableinformationsource.

B.Itcreatesafalsesenseofreality.

C.ithastoomanygenuinereviews.

D.Itisausefultoolforhispart-timejob.

25.HowwasTheShedrankedtheNo.lrestaurant?

A.Byofferingdiscountsandspecialdeals.

B.Bysendingfreesamplestocustomers.

C.Bygettingaspecificlocationongoogle.

D.Byfloodingthesitewithfakereviews.

26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Butlerearnedpeople'strust.

B.Falseinformationcanbedisastrous.

C.Onlineinformationisthreateningoursafety.

D.Onlineplatformsaretotallyunreliablenow.

27.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?

A.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.

B.Wellbeganishalfdone.

C.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述的是一個(gè)根本不存在的獨(dú)特的餐廳，經(jīng)過(guò)網(wǎng)上虛假的評(píng)論后，成

為TripAdvisor網(wǎng)排名第一的餐廳。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThetalebeganwithabeliefthatOobahButlerhaddevelopedafterapart-timejob

writingfake（虛假的）TripAdvisorreviewsforrestaurants:Thesitewasat4falscreality”,despitemillionsofgenuine

reviews/故事開始時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為歐巴?巴特勒（OobahButler）是在一個(gè)貓途鷹上為餐館寫假評(píng)論的兼職工作后

發(fā)展起來(lái)的：該網(wǎng)站是一個(gè)“虛假的現(xiàn)實(shí)”，盡管有數(shù)百萬(wàn)條真實(shí)的評(píng)論。）”可知，OobahButler認(rèn)為

TripAdvisor這個(gè)網(wǎng)站提供了一個(gè)虛假的真實(shí)感。故選B項(xiàng)。

[25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Butlerbeganhavingfamilyandfriendsfloodthesitewithfakereviews.

“SpentaweekendinLondonandheardthatthisplaceisamust-visit,“onewrote."Afterafewmildlyfrustrating

phenecallsIwasin.^^Soonthecustomersstartedcalling."Wc'rcfullybooked,“Butlertoldthewould-be

diners.（Butler開始讓家人和朋友在網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布虛假評(píng)論?！霸趥惗囟冗^(guò)了一個(gè)周末，聽說(shuō)這個(gè)地方是必去

之地，”一個(gè)人寫道。“在打了幾個(gè)有點(diǎn)沮喪的電話后，我就進(jìn)去了?！焙芸?，顧客們開始打電話來(lái)?！拔?/p>

們已經(jīng)訂滿了，”巴特勒告訴想要來(lái)用餐的人。）”可知，Buile:"讓他的家人和朋友開始在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布假的評(píng)

論，進(jìn)而引發(fā)了很多人都信以為真，很快這家餐廳的聲譽(yù)在貓途鷹的排名中開始上升，由此可知，TheShed

飆升至排名第一位是整個(gè)網(wǎng)上充斥著虛假評(píng)論的結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,inanerathatisincreasinglybeinginfluencedbyallofthe

disinformationthatcanbefoundonline,ithasalsoservedasanotherreminderoftheeasewithwhichdishonestactors

areabletohandleonlineplatformstosometimesunthinkableresults.1；然而，在一個(gè)越來(lái)越多地受到網(wǎng)上虛假信

息影響的時(shí)代，它也再次提醒我們，不誠(chéng)實(shí)的行為者能夠輕松地利用在線平臺(tái)，有時(shí)產(chǎn)生不可想象的結(jié)果。）”

可知，不誠(chéng)實(shí)的行為者能夠輕松地利用在線平臺(tái)，有時(shí)產(chǎn)生不可想象的結(jié)果，由此可推斷，虛假信息可能是

災(zāi)難性的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【27題詳解】

主旨大意題。結(jié)合本文講述的關(guān)于TheShed的案例以及最后一段中的“However,inanerathatisincreasingly

beinginfluencedbyallofthedisinformationthatcanbefoundonline,ithasalsoservedasanotherreminderofthe

easewithwhichdishonestactorsareabletohandleonlineplatformslosometimesunthinkableresults.（然而，在一

個(gè)越來(lái)越多地受到網(wǎng)上虛假信息影響的時(shí)代，它也再次提醒我們，不誠(chéng)實(shí)的行為者能夠輕松地利用在線平

臺(tái)，有時(shí)產(chǎn)牛不可想象的結(jié)果。）"訶知，在?一個(gè)受網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息影響的時(shí)代，被不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人利用在線平臺(tái)

會(huì)產(chǎn)生不可想象的結(jié)果，由此可知，在這個(gè)信息時(shí)代了，不能在不知事情真相的情況下胡亂寫一些虛假的評(píng)

論，也就是沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。故選A項(xiàng)。

C

it'sunlikelythatwc'Hseeadodo,aflightlessbird,walkingthisearthanytimeagain,accordingtoBeth

Shapiro,aevolutionarymolecularbiologist.

“Whenmostpeoplethinkabou:dc-cxtinction,they'reimaginingcloning,nShapirosaid.Cloning,the

approachthatcreatedDolly,thesheepin1996andElizabethAnn,theblack-footedferretin2020,createsan

identicalgeneticcopyofanindividualbyputtingDNAfromalivingadultcellintoaneggcellfromwhichthe

nucleus（細(xì)胞核）hasbeenremovedAdultcellscontainalltheDNAneededtodevelopintoalivinganimal.Egg

cellsthenusethatDNAasablueprinttoturnthemselvesintomanykindsofcellsskin,organs,bloodand

bonestheanimalneeds.

“Butnolivingcellsfromdodosexist.Instead/7Shapirosaid,"you'dhavetostartwithacloselyrelated

animal'sgenome（基因組）andthenchangeitintoonesimilartododos."Forexample,mammoths（猛雞）are

alsoextinct,buttheywereverycloselyrelatedtomodernAsianelephants,soresearchersareattemptingtobring

mammothsbackfromextinctionbycreatingahybridmammothwithsomemammothgenesreplacingpartofthe

elephantgenomeinanelephanteggcell.However,therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferencesbetweenthe

genomeofanAsianelephantandthatofamammothaccordingtoShapiro.

Asforthedodo,itsclosestlivingrelativeistheNicobarpigeon.MammothsandAsianelephantsarepretty

closelyrelated,whereasithadbeenmorethan20millionyearssincethedodoandtheNicobarpigeonhadany

commonancestors.Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater,makingita

formidabletasktocreateasuccessfulhybridinthelab,Shapirosaid.

Evenifscientistsmanagetobringdodosback,theislandwheretheyoncelivedisaveiydifferentplace

nowadays,whichmakeitimpossibletoreintroducedodoswithoutmajorintervention.

28.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.ThespecialroleofDNA.

B.Theprocessofcloning.

C.Thedevelopmentofcloning.

D.Thecomplexityofcloning.

29.WhatdoesShapirowanttoshowbytheexampleofmammoths?

A.Dodosarehardertobringbacktclife.

B.Theirlivingcellsarehardtopreserve.

C.Cloningcanbeusedtorecreateextinctanimals.

D.TheyshareasimilargenomewithAsianelephants.

30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“fbrmidablc”meaninParagraph4?

A.Urgent.

B.Possible.

C.Tough.

D.Different.

31.WhatisShapiro'sattitudetowardstherebirthofdodos?

A.Favorable.

B.Intolerant.

C.Objective.

D.Negative.

【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了進(jìn)化分子生物學(xué)家貝絲?夏皮羅對(duì)復(fù)活渡渡鳥持消極的態(tài)度。

【28題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中"'Whenmostpeoplethinkaboutde-extinction,they'reimaginingcloning/Shapiro

said.Cloning,theapproachthatcreatedDolly,thesheepin1996andElizabethAnn,theblack-footedferretin2020,

createsanidenticalgeneticcopyofanindividualbyputtingDNAfromalivingadultcellintoaneggcellfromwhich

thenucleus（細(xì)胞核）hasbeenremoved.AdultcellscontainalltheDNAneededtodevelopintoalivinganimal.Egg

cellsthenusethatDNAasablueprinttoturnthemselvesintomanykindsofcells-skin,organs,bloodandbones-the

animalneeds.（夏皮羅說(shuō)，當(dāng)大多數(shù)人想到滅絕滅絕時(shí)，他們想象的是克隆?？寺〖夹g(shù)在1996年創(chuàng)造了多利

羊，在2020年創(chuàng)造了黑腳雪貂伊麗莎白?安，它通過(guò)將一個(gè)活的成年細(xì)胞的DNA放入一個(gè)細(xì)胞核被去除的

卵細(xì)胞中，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)完全相同的個(gè)體遺傳副本。成年細(xì)胞含有發(fā)育成活的動(dòng)物所需的所有DNA。然后，

卵細(xì)胞利用這些DNA作為藍(lán)圖，將自己轉(zhuǎn)變成動(dòng)物所需的多種細(xì)胞——皮膚、器官、血液和骨骼）”可知，

第二段主要介紹了克隆的步驟。故選B項(xiàng)。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Forexample,inaminoths（猛狗）arcalsoextinct,buttheywereverycloselyrelated

tomodernAsianelephants,soresearchersareattemptingtobringmammothsbackfromextinctionbycreatinga

hybridmammothwithsomemammethgenesreplacingpartoftheelephantgenomeinanelephanteggcell.However,

therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferencesbetweenthegenomeofanAsianelephantandthatofamammoth

accordingtoShapiro.（例如，猛雞象也已經(jīng)滅絕，但它們與現(xiàn)代亞洲象的親緣關(guān)系非常密切，因此研究人員試

圖通過(guò)創(chuàng)造一種雜交猛瑪象，用一些猛雞象的基因取代大象卵細(xì)胞中的部分大象基因組，使猛雞象從滅絕

中復(fù)活。然而，根據(jù)夏皮羅的說(shuō)法，亞洲象和猛雞象的基因組之間可能有數(shù)百萬(wàn)個(gè)基因差異）”可知，猛嗎

象和亞洲象雖然親緣關(guān)系非常密切，但要利用亞洲象來(lái)復(fù)活猛犯象也是非常困難的，結(jié)合第二段中

MammothsandAsianelephantsareprettycloselyrelated,whereasithadbeenmorethan20millionyearssince

thedodoandtheNicobarpigeonhadanycommonancestors.Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarc

thereforemuchgreater（猛雞象和亞洲象的親緣關(guān)系非常近，而渡渡鳥和尼科巴鴿子在2000多萬(wàn)年后才有了

共同的祖先。因此，這兩種鳥類之間的遺傳差異要大得多）”可知，渡渡鳥和尼科巴鴿子的差異遠(yuǎn)比猛雞象

和亞洲象的差異大得多，所以復(fù)活難度會(huì)更大。由此推知，夏反羅想通過(guò)猛雞象的例子說(shuō)明渡渡鳥很難復(fù)

活。故選A項(xiàng)。

【30題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreatei?（因此，這兩

種鳥類之間的遺傳差異要大得多）”可知，渡渡鳥和尼科巴鴿子差異非常大，由此推知，復(fù)活渡渡鳥是艱巨

的任務(wù)，劃線詞與tough意思相近，意為“艱難的”。故選C項(xiàng)。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater,making

itaformidabletasktocreateasuccessfulhybridinthelab,Shapirosaid.（夏皮羅說(shuō)，因此，這兩種鳥類之間的遺

傳差異要大得多，這使得在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中創(chuàng)造一個(gè)成功的雜交物種成為一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)）”和第五段中“Evenif

scientistsmanagetobringdodosback,theislandwhere（heyoncelivedisaverydifferentplacenowadays,which

makeitimpossibletoreintroducedodoswithoutmajorinterveniion.（即使科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)法把渡渡鳥帶回來(lái)，它們?cè)?/p>

經(jīng)生活的島嶼現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是一個(gè)非常不同的地方，這使得在沒有重大干預(yù)的情況下不可能重新引入渡渡鳥）”

可推知，夏皮羅對(duì)復(fù)活渡渡鳥持消極的態(tài)度。故選D項(xiàng)。

D

Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentis

centeredonthequestionastowhetheriiisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.

Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringthe

organism'slife.Naturedoesnoijustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffectthe

expressionofgenesinoffspring（后f弋）.FortheGeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirelydeterminedby

genetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes（基因）determinesone's

personality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencethatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonality

development.

Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedto

humanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellas：hekindof

surroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.

Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodifferentiate

howmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson'sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansarcinfluencedbyone's

environment.

Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone'spersonality,nature

dramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthe

developmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecause

ofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseat

theveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarily

causingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthenurtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegenetic

characteristicsofaperson,itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureis:hatwhichdeterminesthesubstanceofa

person.

32.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?

A.Nature'sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.

B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurture.

C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.

D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.

33.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Whatnurturemeanstohumanbeings.

B.Howliving（hingsdevelopafterbirth.

C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment.

D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehumanbeings.

34.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?

A.Bygiving