2022屆山東省濰坊市3月高三一模統(tǒng)考英語試題 附解析

2022屆高三上學期學業(yè)水平質(zhì)量檢測英語試題本試卷共10頁，總分120分，考試時間100分鐘。注意事項：1．答題前，考生先將自己的學校、姓名、班級、座號、考號填涂在相應位置。2．選擇題答案必須使用2B鉛筆（按填涂樣例）正確填涂；非選擇題答案必須使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書寫，繪圖時，可用2B鉛筆作答，字體工整、筆跡清楚。3．請按照題號在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效。保持卡面清潔，不折疊、不破損。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AThecapitalofacountryisoftenaverypopulatedcitywheremuchhistoryhasbeenmadeduetothehigh-levelpoliticalandeconomicfunctionsthatoccurthere.However,sometimesgovernmentleadersdecidetomovethecapitalfromonecitytoanother.Capitalrelocationhasbeedonehundredsoftimesthroughouthistory.TheancientEgyptians,Romans,andChinesechangedtheircapitalfrequently.Somecountrieschoosenewcapitalsthataremoreeasilydefendedinatimeofinvasion(侵略)orwar.Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.Countriessometimeschangetheircapitalbecausetheyexpectsometypeofpolitical,social,oreconomicbenefit.Theyhopeandexpectthatthenewcapitalswillsurelydevelopintoculturaltreasureandhopefullymakethecountryamorestableplace.Herearecapitalrelocationsthathaveoccurredinapproximatelythelastfewcenturies.AsiaJapanfromKyototoTokyo-1868TurkeyfromIstanbultoAnkara-1923IsraelfromTelAviv-JaffotoJerusalem-1950EuropePolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw-1596FinlandfromTurkutoHelsinki-1812ItalyfromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome-1871TheAmericasTheUSfromNewYorktoWashington-1800JamaicafromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston-1872OceaniaNewZealandfromAucklandtoWellington-18651Whydidsomecountriesdecidetomovethecapital?A.Tofurtherexpandtheirland.B.Touncoverancienttreasure.C.Todevelopundevelopedareas.D.Todeclarewaronanothercountry.2.Whichcountrywastheearliesttomoveitscapital?A.Turkey. B.Poland.C.TheUnitedSate. D.NewZealand.3.WhatdoItalyandJamaicahaveincommon?A.Theymovedthecapitalsmorethanonce.B.Theircapitalsweredestroyedinthewar.C.Theymovedtheircapitalsinthesameyear.D.Theircapitalsmovedbecauseoftheeconomy.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了歷史上一些經(jīng)常遷都的國家以及其背后的原因?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.(一些新的首都被規(guī)劃和建設(shè)在以前未開發(fā)的地區(qū)，以促進發(fā)展。)”可知，一些國家決定遷都以開發(fā)欠發(fā)達地區(qū)。故選C。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中“PolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw-1596”可知，波蘭于1596年將首都從克拉科夫遷到華沙；再對比表格中其它國家遷都的時間可知，波蘭遷都的時間最早。故選B。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中“ItalyfromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome-1871”可知，意大利曾經(jīng)將首都從都靈遷到佛羅倫薩，再遷到到薩勒諾，最后再遷到羅馬；再結(jié)合表格中“JamaicafromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston-1872”可知，牙買加曾將首都從皇家港遷到西班牙城，最后再遷到金斯敦。由此可知，意大利和牙買加的共同之處在于這兩個國家都不止一次遷都。故選A。BIt’snosecretthatcollegeisexpensive.Ireceivedfinancialaid,andIwasabletocoverthecostofenrollment,books,supplies,coursematerials,andadditionalschool-relatedfees.ButIcouldnotaffordhousing,transportation,food,healthcare,orotherbasicnecessities.Thelongereachsemesterwenton,theharderthechoicesbecame.WhenspringsemesterendedthatfirstyearatcollegeIhadgoodgrades,butIdidnothavetwoquarterstomyname.IdecidedthatifIcouldaffordtobeafull-timestudent,Iwouldneedtoworkafull-timejob.Soon,Istartedworkingattheairportasacleanerofaircraftcabins.Myfirstshiftattheairportwasagraveyardshift,whereIdetailedaircraftofvaryingsizes.Duringthistotalnightshift,Ihavetodo“deepcleaning”,whichmeantcleaningeverythingandevenIhadtocheckeverysafetycompartmentandreplaceanymissingitems.Thiscouldbedisgustingwork.Anotherfactupsetmealotthatworkingattheairportandgoingtoschooldidnotfteasilytogether.Somedays1wastooexhaustedafteranightshifttogettoclass.OtherdaysIdidn’thavetimetocompleteschoolassignmentsowingtoabusyworkday.Attheendofthefallsemester,Ireceivedafinalwarningformyattendanceatmyjob.Onceagain,Iwasbetweenarockandahardplaceandhadtomakeadecision.Iwantedtogotoschoolandexcel,butIalsohadgrownaccustomedtofinanciallysupportingmyself.Ultimately,Ichosetotemporarilystopgoingtoschoolandtocontinueworking,adecision.Iwouldlaterregret.Theairlineclosedforvariousreasons.Ifeltstupid.Ihadputalotintothisjob,evensacrificingmyeducation,andnowIwouldhaveneitherjobnoreducation.I’dfinallylearnedwhatmygrandmothermeantwhensheoncesaidthatyourjobistemporary,andyoureducationisforever.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromparagraph1?A.Hemetwithalongboringsemester. B.Foodaccountedforhisbiggestexpense.C.Helefthimselffinanciallyembarrassed. D.Hisfinancialaidcouldcoverhisnecessities.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detailed”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Cleaned. B.Listed. C.Repaired. D.Replaced.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthorinparagraph3?A.Confused. B.Critical. C.Decisive. D.Diligent.7.Whatisconveyedinthetext?A.Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.B.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowilltry.C.Oneshouldbefinanciallysupportedbyhimself.D.Thesignificanceofschoolingshouldberecognized.【答案】4.C5.A6.A7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在經(jīng)濟上陷入困境，為了負擔得起成為一名全日制學生，作者開始做一份全職工作，結(jié)果因為出勤率問題收到了最后一次警告，只能選擇暫時停止上學，繼續(xù)工作。后來公司關(guān)閉了，作者為自己的決定后悔?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It’snosecretthatcollegeisexpensive.Ireceivedfinancialaid,andIwasabletocoverthecostofenrollment,books,supplies,coursematerials,andadditionalschool-relatedfees.ButIcouldnotaffordhousing,transportation,food,healthcare,orotherbasicnecessities.Thelongereachsemesterwenton,theharderthechoicesbecame.(大學學費昂貴已經(jīng)不是什么秘密了。我得到了經(jīng)濟援助，我能夠負擔入學費用、書籍、用品、課程材料和其他與學校相關(guān)的費用。但我負擔不起住房、交通、食物、醫(yī)療和其他基本生活必需品。每學期時間越長，做出選擇就越困難)”可推知，作者在經(jīng)濟上陷入困境。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Soon,Istartedworkingattheairportasacleanerofaircraftcabins.Myfirstshiftattheairportwasagraveyardshift,whereI”可知，作者很快開始在機場做飛機客艙清潔工，在機場的第一個班次是夜班，就要清理各種大小的飛機。故畫線詞意思是“清理”。A.Cleaned.清理；B.Listed.列出；C.Repaired.修理；D.Replaced.替換。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Anotherfactupsetmealotthatworkingattheairportandgoingtoschooldidnotfteasilytogether.SomedaysIwastooexhaustedafteranightshifttogettoclass.OtherdaysIdidn’thavetimetocompleteschoolassignmentsowingtoabusyworkday.Attheendofthefallsemester,Ireceivedafinalwarningformyattendanceatmyjob.Onceagain,Iwasbetweenarockandahardplaceandhadtomakeadecision.Iwantedtogotoschoolandexcel,butIalsohadgrownaccustomedtofinanciallysupportingmyself.(另一個讓我很難過的事實是，在機場工作和上學不太容易兼顧。有幾天我上了夜班，累得連上課都去不了。另一些日子，由于工作日繁忙，我沒有時間完成學校的作業(yè)。在秋季學期結(jié)束時，我因為出勤率問題收到了最后一次警告。我又一次處于進退兩難的境地，不得不做出決定。我想去上學，取得優(yōu)異成績，但我也已經(jīng)習慣了在經(jīng)濟上養(yǎng)活自己)”可推知，作者很困惑。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ihadputalotintothisjob,evensacrificingmyeducation,andnowIwouldhaveneitherjobnoreducation.I’dfinallylearnedwhatmygrandmothermeantwhensheoncesaidthatyourjobistemporary,andyoureducationisforever.(我為這份工作付出了很多，甚至犧牲了我的教育，現(xiàn)在我將既沒有工作也沒有教育。我終于明白了我祖母曾經(jīng)說過的一句話：你的工作是暫時的，而你所受的教育是永遠的)”可推知，學校教育的重要性應該得到承認。故選D。CAfterathree-yeardelay,M+，HongKong’smuseumdedicatedtoChinesevisualculture,openedtothepublicItcontainsanastonishingcollectionofartwithworksbysomecelebrities.TheformerExecutiveDirector,LarsNittve,seesM+asequallyasNewYork’sMoMAortheCentrePompidouinParis,intermsofdepthandculturalimportance.M+wouldn’thavebeenpossiblewithoutSwissbusinessmanandartcollectorUliSigg,whoin2012donatedandsold1,510Chinesecontemporaryworksofarttothemuseum.MichaelSchindhelm’s2016documentary,TheChineseLivesofUliSigg,lookedbackatSigg’slifeandhowheaccumulatedhiscollectiontopreservecontemporaryChineseartforthreedecades.Ininterviewsofthefilm,Siggpreferstoviewhimselfas“aresearcherofChinaandofChinesecontemporaryartwhojusthappenedtobuysomeoftheresultsofhisresearch.”ChineseLinesfollowsSigg’slifeintimeorder,startingin1979,theyearthathefirstwenttoChinaasarepresentativeoftheSwisselevatormanufacturer.In1995SiggbecametheSwissAmbassadortoChina,whichlasteduntil1999.Hewasbuyingartwithanobjectiveeye,onetowardspreservingculture.Movingintothe21stcentury,ChineseartreachedinternationalattentionthankstoSigg’sefforts.HecreatedtheChineseContemporaryAntAward,anawardthatfunctionedtogetartistsnoticedbyimportantWesternartistsandgalleyowner.AIthesametime,piecesbyChineartistsweregainingmoreandmoreglobalreputations.FollowingSigg’sannouncementthathewilldonateasizableportionofhiscollectiontothesoon-to-be-openedM+museum,Chineselivesendsonahopefulnoteforthestill-growingartsceneinChina.ThedocumentaryisagoodstartingpointtofamiliarizeoneselfwithcontemporaryChineseartandthemanwhohelpedexposeittotheworld.8.Whydoestheauthormention“MoMA”inparagraph1?A.Toenrichourknowledge.B.Tomemorizeartcelebrities.C.TodeepenM+museum’spopularity.D.ToindicateM+museum’ssignificance.9.WhichidentitywouldUliSiggmostprobablyagreewith?A.Acontemporaryartist.B.AresearcherofChineseart.C.Acollectorofcontemporaryart.D.Anambassadorwithartistictaste.10.WhatcanweinferfromTheChineseLivesofUliSigg?A.SiggofferedmoneytoChineseartists.B.Siggwasthedirectorofthedocumentary.C.SiggmadegreateffortstopromoteChineseart.D.SiggwastheSwissAmbassadortoChinain2000.11.WhatisUliSigglike?A.Heisstrictandambitious.B.Heiscaringandcreative.C.Heisdevotedandgenerous.D.Heishopefulandhumorous.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章瑞士商人和藝術(shù)收藏家烏利·西格（UliSigg）對香港博物館乃至對中國現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的貢獻。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheformerExecutiveDirector,LarsNittve,seesM+asequallyasNewYork’sMoMAortheCentrePompidouinParis,intermsofdepthandculturalimportance.”（前執(zhí)行董事LarsNittve認為，就深度和文化重要性而言，M+與紐約的MoMA或巴黎的蓬皮杜中心一樣重要。）可知，作者在第一段中提到“MoMA”是為了表明M+博物館的重要性。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ininterviewsofthefilm,Siggpreferstoviewhimselfas“aresearcherofChinaandofChinesecontemporaryartwhojusthappenedtobuysomeoftheresultsofhisresearch.””（在影片的采訪中，碰巧購買了他的一些研究成果的Sigg更愿意把自己視為“一名中國和中國當代藝術(shù)的研究者。”）說明UliSigg很可能會同意他自己是一位中國藝術(shù)研究者的觀點。故選B項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Movingintothe21stcentury,ChineseartreachedinternationalattentionthankstoSigg’sefforts.”（進入21世紀，由于Sigg的努力，中國藝術(shù)引起了國際關(guān)注。）以及后文，可知Sigg為促進中國藝術(shù)做出了巨大的努力。故選C項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“FollowingSigg’sannouncementthathewilldonateasizableportionofhiscollectiontothesoon-to-be-openedM+museum,Chineselivesendsonahopefulnoteforthestill-growingartsceneinChina.”（在Sigg宣布將把相當大一部分藏品捐贈給即將開放的M+博物館后，中國人的生活以一個充滿希望的音符結(jié)束，因為中國藝術(shù)界仍在不斷增長。）以及之前Sigg一直致力于宣傳中國藝術(shù)，說明Sigg是一個專一和慷慨大方的人。故選C項。DForhumans,adaptingtoclimatechangewillmostlybeamatteroftechnology.Moreairconditioning,better-designedhousesandbiggerflooddefensesmayhelplessentheeffectsofawarmerworld.Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.InapaperpublishedinTrendsinEcology&Evolution,ateamledbySaraRyding,aprofessorinAustralia,showsthatisalreadyhappening.InsomespeciesofAustralianparrot,forinstancebeak(喙)sizehasincreasedbybetween4%and10%since1871.Similartrendsareseeninspeciesofmiceandbatsgrowingbiggerears,tails,legsandwings.Allthatfitsnicelywithevolutionary(進化的)theory.“Allen’srule”,namedafterJoeAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarm-bloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerappendages(附加物)thanthoseinmildareas.Suchadaptationsboostananimal’ssurfacearearelativetoitsbodyvolume,helpingittogetridofadditionalheal.Fennecfoxes,meanwhile,whicharenativetotheSaharadesert,havestrikinglylargeears,especiallycomparedwiththeirArcticcousins.Ryding’steamcombineddatafromdifferentspeciesindifferentplaces.Nowthattheyhavelittleincommonapartfromlivingonawarmingplanet,climatechangeisthemostreasonableexplanation.Sinceanyevolutionaryadaptationcomeswithtrade-offs,itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaksmightinterferewithfeeding,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergytogrow.Honestly,studyingabroaderrangeofanimalswillhelpfirmupexactlywhatishappening.Fornow,atleast,theincreaseissmall,nevermuchmorethan10%.Thatmaychangeaswarmingaccelerates.Everylittlebitofavoidedfuturetemperatureincreasesresultsinlesswarmingthatwouldotherwiseslayforessentiallyforever.12.Whydosomespeciesgrowbiggerpartsoftheirbody?A.Theyarefollowingthenewtrends.B.Theyhavetoadapttowarmerclimate.C.Scientistsneedthemtodoexperiments.D.Largerpartstendtohelpthemfeedwell.13.Wheremaywarm-bloodedanimalshavebiggerbodyparts?A.Inmildareas. B.Inhotplaces.C.IntheArctic. D.Indesertedregions.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthechangeinanimalsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itcomesatacost.B.Itscauseisdefinite.C.Ithappensinthesamehabitat.D.Itsprocesswillendsoon.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletileforthetext?A.LivingonaWarmingPlanetB.MeasurestoRemoveHeatC.PioneeringResearchonAnimalsD.EvolutiontoSurviveHeat【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了全球變暖的影響可以在動物身上看到，數(shù)百種物種顯示出適應氣候變暖的跡象。文章具體敘述了氣候變化與進化的聯(lián)系?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.”(動物將不得不依靠改變自己的身體或行為。)可知，有些物種長得更大是因為它們必須適應更溫暖的氣候。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Allen’srule”,namedafterJoeAllen,whosuggesteditin1877,holdsthatwarm-bloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerappendages(附加物)thanthoseinmildareas.”(以喬·艾倫在1877年提出的“艾倫法則”命名的“艾倫法則”認為，生活在炎熱地區(qū)的溫血動物往往比生活在溫和地區(qū)的溫血動物有更大的附肢。)可知，溫血動物在炎熱的地方可能有更大的身體部位。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Sinceanyevolutionaryadaptationcomeswithtrade-offs,itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaksmightinterferewithfeeding,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergytogrow.”(由于任何進化適應都會帶來權(quán)衡，因此尚不清楚這一過程會走多遠。例如，較大的喙可能會妨礙進食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量才能成長。)可知，動物的變化是有代價的。故選A項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animalswillhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.”(動物將不得不依靠改變自己的身體或行為。)以及全文大意，本文主要講述了全球變暖的影響可以在動物身上看到，數(shù)百種物種顯示出適應氣候變暖的跡象。文章具體敘述了氣候變化與進化的聯(lián)系。EvolutiontoSurviveHeat（在高溫下生存的進化）符合題意。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AccordingtoTheTohokuJournalofExperimentalMedicine,laughterhasmanyprofoundphysiologicalandpsychologicalbenefits.Itcanrelaxmuscles,promotementalandpsychologicalwell-being,etc.Butwehavebecomesobusywithourdailyroutinesthatwerarelylaugh.LaughterOnlineUniversityfoundthatchildrenlaugh300to400timesonanaverage,whereasadultslaughonly17.5timesinaday.____16____Butifyoustilldon’tknowwhyyoushouldlaugh,herearesomebenefitsoflaughterforyou.◆Reducestress____17____Thereissciencebehindthis.Whenyougetstressed,yourbodyreleaseshormones.Continuousreleasesofthesehormonesmaycauseanxiety,depression,andheartdiseases.Butwhenyoulaugh,thestresshormonesgetreducedandhelpsyourelieveyoustress.◆EnsureahealthyrelationshipMyfriendandIusedtohaveissuesandnevertalkedforoveramonth.Butsuddenly,oneday,shesentmeasuperfunnymeme(表情包)whileoncall,andwebothlaughedatit.Justlaughingtogethermadeuscomecloser.____18____BoostyourconfidenceHaveyoueverexperiencedthatwhenyoulaughatafearfulsituation,youfeelmorecourageandconfidence?____19____OnceIhadtodeliveraspeechataschoolmeeting,andIfeltextremefear.Iwassweatinginbucketsandfeltasifthelandbeneathmyfeetisshaking.ButItriedtotalkwithafriendandlaughedforafewsecondsjusttoshowmyselfcool.____20____IfeltasifIcoulddothisandexperiencedafantasticsenseofconfidence.A.Laughterisapowerfulstresskiller.B.Ifyouaskme,Ihaveexperiencedthis.C.IhadangerissueswhenIwasinschool.D.Thissimplelaughterhadasignificanteffectonme.E.Italsohelpsusforgetproblemsandcherishfriendship.F.Laughtercanhelpyouthinkclearlyandmoreeffectively.G.Nowonderwhyweadultssuffermentalproblemslikeanxiety.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.B20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹大笑對我們的身心有好處，并列舉了三個具體的益處?！?6題詳解】上文“LaughterOnlineUniversityfoundthatchildrenlaugh300to400timesonanaverage,whereasadultslaughonly17.5timesinaday.(笑在線大學發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童平均大笑300到400次，而成年人一天只大笑17.5次)”說明兒童每天大笑的次數(shù)比成年人多，以及下文“Butifyoustilldon’tknowwhyyoushouldlaugh,herearesomebenefitsoflaughterforyou.(但是如果你仍然不知道為什么你應該笑，下面是一些大笑的好處)”說明大笑是有好處的，空處應說明成年人笑的少，會有壞處，G項“難怪我們成年人會遭受焦慮等心理問題”符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】上文“Reducestress(減少壓力)”說明大笑的好處之一是可以減少壓力，A項中apowerfulstresskiller是關(guān)鍵詞，A項“笑是一種強大的壓力殺手”符合題意。故選A。【18題詳解】上文“Justlaughingtogethermadeuscomecloser.(一起笑讓我們的關(guān)系更緊密)”說明大笑會有助于保持緊密的關(guān)系，E項中friendship是關(guān)鍵詞，大笑可以幫助珍惜友誼，E項“它也幫助我們忘記問題，珍惜友誼”符合題意。故選E?！?9題詳解】上文“Haveyoueverexperiencedthatwhenyoulaughatafearfulsituation,youfeelmorecourageandconfidence?(你有沒有經(jīng)歷過在一個可怕的處境中大笑，你會感覺到更多的勇氣和信心？)”說明作者在問別人是否經(jīng)歷過這樣的情況，下文應說明介紹作者的個人經(jīng)歷，B項“如果你問我，我曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過”符合題意。故選B?！?0題詳解】上文“ButItriedtotalkwithafriendandlaughedforafewsecondsjusttoshowmyselfcool.(但我努力和一個朋友聊天，大笑幾秒鐘，只是為了展示自己很酷)”說明大笑對作者產(chǎn)生了好的影響，D項“這種簡單的笑聲對我產(chǎn)生了很大的影響”符合題意。故選D。第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Wemovedintoanewneighborhoodin1990,Andywasprettymuchthefirstpersonwe____21____.Hecameacrossthestreetto____22____us.Havinglivedtheresince1967,hewaswarmandkind,fullof____23____.Hewouldintroducetouswhichbakeryforcakes,whichstoreforshoppingand____24____theoccupationsofeveryonearoundus.Andywouldproudlyandregularly____25____hisveteran(老兵)capandplaymusicwhiledoingyardwork.____26____anything,though,hedelightedintalkingaboutourkidsasmuchasabouthis.Wewatchedoutforeachother.Hewould____27____ourvegetablegardenswhenwewentonvacation;wegavehimsomeofour____28____inreturn.AndyandIwouldalsocomplainaboutthebigtrucksthatusedourstreetsasashortcut.Asmoretimewentby,wedidn’tseehimout____29____hissmalldogasoftenduetohis____30____problem,andwe’dhelpwithclearingthe____31____inthewinter.Thosetiescontinuedwithtimepassingby.Butthereal____32____ofourneighborhoodsistheirpeople—anAndy,or,insomecases,manyAndys.Ourneighborhoodsarebuiltonthem,and____33____bytheiremotionalties.Wearebetterfortheir____34____,andworsefortheirabsence.Andydiedthismonth.Iwillmisshim,morethanhe____35____.21.A.met B.recalled C.thanked D.admired22.A.treat B.greet C.criticize D.comfort23.A.happiness B.energy C.knowledge D.information24.A.still B.even C.ever D.never25.A.wear B.exhibit C.wave D.hold26.A.Differentthan B.Morethan C.Becauseof D.Insteadof27.A.dodamageto B.stareat C.sitaround D.keepaneyeon28.A.produce B.crafts C.cakes D.money29.A.selling B.feeding C.walking D.chasing30.A.health B.financial C.political D.marriage31.A.rubbish B.smog C.snow D.dirt32.A.welfare B.influence C.tie D.faith33.A.prevented B.separated C.widened D.strengthened34.A.interruption B.performance C.situation D.presence35.A.evaluates B.knows C.forgets D.regrets【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.B25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.C32.C33.D34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在搬到一個新社區(qū)后，安迪對作者的熱情幫助，作者了解到社區(qū)的真正紐帶是社區(qū)的人，社區(qū)因成員之間的情感紐帶而加強?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在1990年搬到一個新社區(qū)，安迪幾乎是我們遇到的第一個人。A.met碰見；B.recalled回憶；C.thanked感謝；D.admired欽佩。根據(jù)上句“Wemovedintoanewneighborhoodin1990（我們在1990年搬進了一個新社區(qū)）”以及后句“Hecameacrossthestreetto____2____us（他穿過馬路向我們打招呼）”可知安迪使我們遇到的第一個人。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他穿過馬路向我們打招呼。A.treat對待；B.greet問候；C.criticize批評；D.comfort安慰。根據(jù)下文“hewaswarmandkind”可知，安迪是一個熱情的人，因此推知他會向我們打招呼。故選B。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自1967年以來一直住在那里，他熱情善良，充滿活力。A.happiness快樂；B.energy精力，活力；C.knowledge知識；D.information信息。根據(jù)上句“hewaswarmandkind（他熱情善良）”可知他是充滿活力的。故選B。【24題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他會給我們介紹去哪家面包店買蛋糕，去哪家商店購物，甚至介紹我們周圍每個人的職業(yè)。A.still仍然；B.even甚至；C.ever曾經(jīng)；D.never從未。根據(jù)上句“____3____.Hewouldintroducetouswhichbakeryforcakes,whichstoreforshopping”可知，他甚至介紹我們周圍每個人的職業(yè)。此處用even表示語氣加強。故選B。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：安迪會經(jīng)常自豪地戴上他的老兵帽，在院子里干活時放音樂。A.wear穿、戴；B.exhibit展覽；C.wave揮舞；D.hold握住。根據(jù)后句“hisveteran(老兵)cap（他的老兵帽）”可知安迪會經(jīng)常自豪地戴上他的老兵帽。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：不過，最重要是，他喜歡談論我們的孩子，就像談論他自己的孩子一樣。A.Differentthan不同于；B.Morethan多于；C.Becauseof因為；D.Insteadof代替。根據(jù)后句“hedelightedintalkingaboutourkidsasmuchasabouthis.（他喜歡談論我們的孩子，就像談論他自己的孩子一樣。）”可知重要的是他喜歡談論我們的孩子，就像談論他自己的孩子一樣。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我們?nèi)ザ燃贂r，他會照看我們的菜園。A.dodamageto對……有害；B.stareat凝視；C.sitaround閑坐著；D.keepaneyeon照看。根據(jù)上句“Wewatchedoutforeachother.（我們互相照顧）”可知我們?nèi)ザ燃贂r，他會照看我們的菜園。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們給了他一些我們的產(chǎn)品作為回報。A.produce產(chǎn)品；B.crafts工藝；C.cakes蛋糕；D.money金錢。根據(jù)上句“Hewould____7____ourvegetablegardenswhenwewentonvacation（我們?nèi)ザ燃贂r，他會照看我們的菜園）”可知我們給了他一些我們菜園的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品作為回報。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，由于他的健康問題，我們不再經(jīng)?？吹剿鋈ュ薰妨?。A.selling賣；B.feeding飼養(yǎng)；C.walking步行，牽著……走；D.chasing追趕。walkthedog遛狗，結(jié)合句意。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意見上題解析。A.health健康；B.financial金融的；C.political政治的；D.marriage婚姻。根據(jù)上句“Asmoretimewentby,wedidn’tseehimout____9____hissmalldogasoften（隨著時間的推移，我們不再經(jīng)?？吹剿焙拖挛摹癆ndydiedthismonth.”可知由于他的健康問題，我們不再經(jīng)?？吹剿鋈ュ薰妨?。故選A。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在冬天，我們幫助清理積雪。A.rubbish垃圾；B.smog霧霾；C.snow雪；D.dirt泥土。根據(jù)后句“inthewinter（在冬天）”可知在冬天，我們幫助安迪清理積雪。故選C。32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們社區(qū)的真正紐帶是社區(qū)的人，安迪，或者，在某些情況下，很多安迪。A.welfare福利；B.influence影響；C.tie紐帶；D.faith信任。根據(jù)上句“Thosetiescontinuedwithtimepassingby.（隨著時間的推移，這種聯(lián)系仍在繼續(xù)）”可知，此處指社區(qū)的紐帶?！皌ie”是原詞重現(xiàn)。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的社區(qū)建立在他們的基礎(chǔ)上，并因他們的情感紐帶而加強。A.prevented阻止；B.separated分開；C.widened拓展；D.strengthened加強。根據(jù)后句“bytheiremotionalties.（并因他們的情感紐帶）”可知我們的社區(qū)因他們的情感紐帶而加強。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們在場對我們更有利，他們不在對我們更不利。A.interruption中斷；B.performance表演；C.situation情況；D.presence出席，在場。根據(jù)后句“andworsefortheirabsence（他們不在對我們更不利）”可知他們在場對我們更有利。故選D。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：安迪這個月去世了。我會想念他，比他想象的還要想念他。A.evaluates評估；B.knows知道；C.forgets忘記；D.regrets后悔。根據(jù)上文我們和安迪之間是情感和上句“Ourneighborhoodsarebuiltonthem,and____13____bytheiremotionalties.（我們的社區(qū)建立在他們的基礎(chǔ)上，并因他們的情感紐帶而加強）”可知我會想念安迪，比他想象的還要想念他。故選B。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeen____36____sourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat____37____(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthat____38____(they)favouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.Nowastudyshowsthatthe____39____(grown-up)havebeenrightallalong.PsychologistsinFloridatestedhowfaststudentswroteessays____40____andwithoutmusicinthebackground.They____41____(find)thatthesoundsslowedprogressdownbyaboutsixtywordsperhour.“Thisdemonstrates____42____(clear)thatitisdifficulttocopewithlisteningandwritingatthesametime,”saidDr.Sarah.Shealsocametotheconclusion____43____itisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs.“Alltypesofmusichadthesameeffect,”shesaidinherreport.“One’sabilitytopayattentionandwritefluentlyislikely____44____(disturb)bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic,”sheadded.Dr.Sarahclaimedtheresearchdemonstratedthattheideathatmusiccouldimproveperformancewaswrong.“Writinganessayisacomplextask.You____45____(recall)informationandputtingitinorder.Butwhatisparticularlyworryingisthatmoreandmoreteenagersarestudyinginfrontofthetelevision.”【答案】36.a37.silence38.their39.grown-ups40.with41.found42.clearly43.that44.tobedisturbed45.arerecalling【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習時聽音樂或做其它事情是否會影響學習效果或降低學習效率。研究表明，學習狀態(tài)下注意力是非常集中的，一旦有外界聲音或因素干擾，是會大大影響學習的?！?6題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：長期以來，音樂和學習的結(jié)合一直是成人和兒童之間分歧的根源。根據(jù)句意表達，此處Asourceof是......一個根源，符合題意。故填a?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：家長和老師都認為學習時保持沉默很重要，而年輕人則堅持認為他們最喜歡的聲音有助于他們集中注意力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句為that引導的賓語從句，此處silent的適當形式在從句作主語，具有名詞性，用silence（沉默），符合題意。故填silence。【38題詳解】考查代詞。句意：家長和老師都認為學習時保持沉默很重要，而年輕人則堅持認為他們最喜歡的聲音有助于他們集中注意力。此處修飾后面名詞sounds，作前置定語，their他們的，符合題意。故填their。【39題詳解】考查名詞。句意：現(xiàn)在一項研究表明，成年人一直都是對的。結(jié)合后面動詞have，可知此處名詞作主語用復數(shù)形式，grown-ups成年人，符合題意。故填grown-ups?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：佛羅里達州的心理學家測試了學生在有音樂背景和沒有音樂背景下寫文章的速度。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知和后面介詞without構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，表達“有和沒有”，用介詞with。故填with?！?1題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些聲音使學習進度每小時慢了大約60個單詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處作謂語動詞，根據(jù)從句謂語動詞slowed，可知此處動詞用一般過去時，found發(fā)現(xiàn)。故填found?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：莎拉博士說：“這清楚地表明，要同時處理聽力和寫作是很困難的?！?。此處修飾前面動詞用副詞形式，作狀語，clearly清晰地，符合題意。故填clearly。【43題詳解】考查同位語從句。句意：她還得出結(jié)論，器樂沒有歌曲那么令人不安，這是一個神話。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句為同位語從句。從句內(nèi)容是前面名詞theconclusion的具體內(nèi)容，從句是完整的，用連接詞that引導。故填that?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她補充道：“一個人的注意力和流利寫作能力可能會受到歌曲和器樂的干擾?！?。belikelytodo可能做某事，后接不定式to。由bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic可知此處構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表達“被干擾”，tobedisturbed符合題意。故填tobedisturbed?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：您正在回憶信息并對其進行整理。根據(jù)語境，結(jié)合后面putting，此處作謂語動詞，時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進行時，表達“正在回憶”，arerecalling符合題意。故填arerecalling。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)書面表達（滿分15分）46.你校英文報Englishsky正在舉辦中國航空航天成就英文征文比賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.介紹成就；2.分享感受。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。AerospaceAchievementsofChina______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】AerospaceAchievementsofChinaInthelastdecade,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinspaceprograms.Whatimpressedmemostwasthereal-timeinteractivescientificlecturesconductedonShenzhou13spacecraftlastyear,whichwerebroughtlivetothousandsofteachersandstudentsontheground.Theeventhasspurredgreatinterestinspacescienceamongmiddleschoolstudentsnationwide.Flyingisthedreamofeveryone.Ibelieve,withinnovativeideasandperseverance,wehumanbeingswillbeabletoflyfurtherandfurthernotonlyfromtheEarthtotheMoon,buttotheMarsandbeyond.【解析】【分析】本篇書面表達屬于開放性作文。要求考生關(guān)于中國航空航天成就寫一篇短文，向校英文報投稿?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累激發(fā)：spur→arouse全國：nationwide→countrywide創(chuàng)新的：innovative→creative毅力：perseverance→willpower2.句式拓展同義句轉(zhuǎn)換原句：Ibelieve,withinnovativeideasandperseverance,wehumanbeingswillbeabletoflyfurtherandfurthernotonly