【話(huà)題閱讀周周練】Week-01：衛(wèi)生與健康

衛(wèi)生與健康/Week012/2Dan,thefoodexpert,answersteenagers'questions.Q:Inevereatanymeatorfish.MyfriendssayIcan'tgetenoughproteinfrommyfoods.Isthistrue?Marcel,14,NewYork,USDan:That'sagoodquestion,Marcel.Proteinisveryimportant.Itgivesyoustrength.There'sproteininmeatandfish,butifyoudon'teatthem,don'tworry.There'salsoproteinineggs,milk,nutsandbeans.Q:Ilovecandy,chocolateandice-cream.Isthisaproblem?Linda,16,Manchester,UKDan:Ilikethosethingstoo,Linda,buttherearealotofcarbohydrates,sugarandfatinsweetfoods,soIonlyeatthemonceaweek.Carbohydratesaren'talwaysbadforyou.Youneedthemforenergy.Butalotofsugarandfatarebadforyou.Q:Iknowthatfruithaslotsofvitamins,butIjustdon'tlikeanyfruit!WhatcanIdo?Isabel,15,MexicoCity,MexicoDan:Vitaminshelpyourbodyworkproperly.It'struethatfruitisrichinvitamins,buttheyarealsoinfoodslikevegetables,fishandmeat.Youcanalsotryasmoothie.Putsomebananas,apples,strawberriesandyogurtwithsomeorangejuiceinablender.It'sgreat!1.WhatkindoffooddoesDanadviseMarceltogetproteinfrom?A.Meat B.Fish. C.Eggs. D.Vegetables2.WhatcanweknowaboutLinda?A.SheisfromMexico. B.ShelovessweetfoodsC.Shedoesn'tlikefruits. D.SheisyoungerthanMarcel3.HowoftendoesDaneatsweetfoods?A.Never. B.Onceamonth. C.Onceaweek. D.Everyday.4.WhatisIsabelworriedabout?A.Shetakesintoomuchprotein B.Shedoesn'tdrinkenoughwater.C.Shedoesn'tgetenoughvitamins. D.Sheeatstoomanycarbohydrates.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“smoothie”referto?A.Akindoffruit. B.Akindofdrink.C.Akindofcandy. D.Akindofteinn.蛋白質(zhì)nutsandbeans堅(jiān)果和豆類(lèi)carbohydraten.碳水化合物energyn.活力vitaminn.維生素本文是應(yīng)用文。文章是一位飲食專(zhuān)家Dan就孩子們關(guān)于健康飲食所提的問(wèn)題給予的回復(fù)。1.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第一橫欄最后一句There'salsoproteinineggs，milk，nutsandbeans可知，Dan建議Marcel從蛋、奶、堅(jiān)果和豆類(lèi)中攝取蛋白質(zhì)。2.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格第二橫欄第一句Ilovecandy，chocolateandice-cream可推知，Linda喜歡甜食。3.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第二橫欄Dan回復(fù)Linda第一句….soIonlyeatthemonceaweek可知，Dan一周吃一次甜食。4.C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格第三橫欄問(wèn)題句Iknowthatfruithaslotsofvitamins，butIjustdon’tlikeanyfruit！WhatcanIdo可知，Isabel不愛(ài)吃水果，所以擔(dān)心自己攝取不到足夠的維生素。5.B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞后一句Putsomebananas，apples，strawberriesandyogurtwithsomeorangejuiceinablender可知，把一些水果、酸奶和橙汁放在一個(gè)食物攪拌器里，最后成品可能是一種飲品。閱讀理解解題技巧：信息暗示法閱讀理解材料都是一個(gè)個(gè)完整的故事或片段，句子之間、段落之間都是有機(jī)地聯(lián)系在一起的。解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意上下句、上下段之間的信息暗示，如詞語(yǔ)暗示、前句暗示、后句暗示、段落暗示、邏輯暗示和語(yǔ)義暗示等。知道并且明白了這些暗示，解題時(shí)就能找出規(guī)律，得到啟發(fā)，提高解題的準(zhǔn)確率，有效地節(jié)省時(shí)間。本文的第4小題就是一道典型例題。根據(jù)表格第三橫欄的問(wèn)題句Iknowthatfruithaslotsofvitamins,butIjustdon’tlikeanyfruit!WhatcanIdo?可知，Isabel知道水果含有大量的維生素，但是自己又不喜歡吃水果。此處暗示了Isabel擔(dān)心自己攝取不到足夠的維生素。考生只有看懂了這兩句話(huà)所含有的信息暗示才能夠選出正確答案。Lookaroundandyou'llseepeoplebusyontheirsmartphones.Smartphonesdomakeourliveseasier.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutwhattheymeantoyoureyes?Accordingtoastudy,halfofBritishpeopleownsmartphonesandtheyspendanaverageoftwohoursadayusingthem.Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhosufferfromshortsightednesssincesmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997.Staringatsmartphonesforlongtimegivesyoudryeyes.Whenlookingatsomethinginthedistance,youreyesautomaticallyblinkacertainnumberoftimes.However,whenyoulookatthingsclosertoyourface,theblinkingslowsdown.Thisreducestheamountoftearsandcausesdiscomfortinyoureyes.Anotherbadhabitisusingsmartphonesindarkroomsbeforegoingtosleep.Ifyoulookatabrightscreenwhileyourpupilsbecomelarger,toomuchlightentersyoureyes.Thiscandoharmtotheeyesandcauseadiseasecalledglaucoma.Whileyou'reprobablynotgoingtostopusingyoursmartphone,thereareafewthingsyoucandotoprotectyoureyes.Holdyourphoneatleast30centimetersawayfromyoureyeswhenusingit.Takeabreakeveryhourandtrythefollowing:lookatsomethingatleastfivemetersfromyouandthenlookatthetipofyournose.Repeatthisseveraltimes.Itshouldreducethediscomfortinyoureyes.1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.ThenumberofBritishpeoplewhoownsmartphonesincreasesby35%.B.EachofBritishpeoplespendstwohoursadayonsmartphones.C.HalfofBritishpeoplebegantousesmartphones24yearsago.D.MoreBritishpeoplehavegotshortsightednesssince1997.2.WhatproblemmayusingsmartphonesimproperlycauseaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Itmaycausetoomanyblinks. B.Itmaycausedryeyesandglaucoma.C.Itmaycausesmallerpupils. D.Itmaycausemoretearsintheeyes.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“doharmto”inParagraph3meaninChinese?A.促進(jìn) B.阻止 C.傷害 D.保護(hù)4.Whichofthefollowingissuggested（建議）bythewriter?A.Don'tusethephoneforoveranhourwithoutabreak.B.Holdthephoneatleasthalfameterawayfromtheeyes.C.Turnoffyourphoneforacoupleofhourseveryday.D.Lookatthetipofyournoseforseveralminutes.5.Whatisthewriter'spurpose（目的）inwritingthistext?A.Toadvisepeoplenottobuysmartphones.B.Toadvisepeopletostopusingsmartphones.C.Toadvisepeopletousesmartphonesproperly.D.Toadvisepeopletomakefulluseofsmartphones.averagen.平均數(shù)increasen.增長(zhǎng)shortsightednessn.近視stareat盯，凝視blinkv.眨眼pupiln.瞳孔glaucoman.青光眼本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了使用智能手機(jī)的危害：長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用手機(jī)會(huì)引起眼睛干澀和青光眼。并建議我們連續(xù)使用手機(jī)不超過(guò)一個(gè)小時(shí)。1.D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhosufferfromshortsightednesssincesmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997可知，自從1997年以來(lái)越來(lái)越多的英國(guó)人受到了手機(jī)的危害，患上了近視眼。2.B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段首句Staringatsmartphonesorlongtimegivesyoudryeyes以及最后一句Thiscandoharmtotheeyesandcauseadiseasecalledglaucoma可知，智能手機(jī)使用不當(dāng)會(huì)引起眼睛干澀和青光眼。3.C。詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分前提到另一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣是睡覺(jué)之前在黑暗的房間里使用智能手機(jī)，如果你盯著一個(gè)亮的屏幕看，你的瞳孔會(huì)變大，太多的光線(xiàn)就會(huì)進(jìn)入你的眼睛，而畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分后提到這會(huì)導(dǎo)致青光眼。結(jié)合畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分前后的內(nèi)容可推知，這會(huì)對(duì)眼睛造成傷害。故C項(xiàng)“傷害”符合文意。4.A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句Takeabreakeveryhourandtrythefollowing….可知，作者建議我們每使用一小時(shí)手機(jī)就休息一下。5.C。寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀文章可知，本文主要介紹了使用智能手機(jī)的危害，并給出了如何恰當(dāng)使用手機(jī)的建議。如何解答寫(xiě)作意圖題閱讀理解中有一類(lèi)特殊的推理判斷題，這類(lèi)題目一般難度較大，考查考生對(duì)作者的寫(xiě)作目的及意圖的理解和把握，考生有時(shí)無(wú)法從文章中直接找到答案。遇到這類(lèi)題目時(shí)，應(yīng)該在通讀整篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上經(jīng)過(guò)分析和推理一些重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，推救出文章的寫(xiě)作意圖。本文的第5小題就是寫(xiě)作意圖題。文章主要介紹了使用智能手機(jī)的危害：長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用手機(jī)會(huì)引起眼睛干澀和青先眼。最后給出恰當(dāng)使用手機(jī)的建議，其目的是為了告訴讀者要恰當(dāng)使用手機(jī)。AspeoplearoundtheworldworktoslowthespreadofCOVID-19,everyoneistellingustowashourhandswithsoap.Ifyou'reheedingthisadvicefromthegovernment,doctors,scientists,teachersandparents,you"veprobablyneverwashedyourhandsasofteninyourlife.Butissoapreallynecessary?Doesitwork?Howdoesitwork?Can'tyoujustusewater?Germssticktothenaturaloil(atypeoffat)onyourskin.Waterwithoutsoapisn'tverysuccessfulatgettingthegermsoffyourskinbecausewaterandoildon'tmix.Soapismadewithsomekindoffatoroil,waterandsomekindofalkalinesubstance,suchasatypeofsalt.Itsometimesalsohasotherthingsinit,suchascolors.Peoplemadesoapthousandsofyearsagousinganimalfatandsomealkalinesubstance.Whenthefatandthealkalinesubstancearemixedtogetherwiththehelpofsomewater,thereisachemicalreaction.Soapistheresultofit!Themoleculesofsoaphaveoneendthatloveswaterandoneendthatlovesoil.Ifyouwashyourhandswithsoap,thesoapmoleculesactasalinkbetweenthewateryou'rewashingwithandtheoilonyourskin.Amoleculeofwaterjoinstooneendofthesoapmoleculeandamoleculeofoiljoinstotheotherend.Whenyouwashyourhands，thewholelotwashesoff,gettingtheoiloffyourskinandtakingthegermswithit.Germslovewetenvironments,sodryingyourhandsisimportant.Ahanddryerisbestifyouareinapublicbathroom.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"heeding"inParagraph1mean?A.Refusing.B.Following.C.Passingon.D.Laughingat.2.Whyisithardtocleanhandswithonlywater?A.Theoilwon'twashoff.B.Thewaterisn'tcleanenough.C.Thehandswillbecomeoily.D.Theoilonhandswillmixwithwater.3.Whyisalkalinesubstanceimportant?A.Itcanturnfatintooil.B.Itcanhelpcleanwater.C.Itcangivesoapsomecolor.D.Itcanworkwelltogetherwithfat.4.Whatisspecialaboutthemoleculesofsoap?A.Theyloveoilbetterthanwater.B.Theyhavetwoendsofdifferentsizes.C.TheylookthesameaswatermoleculesD.Theyhavetwoendsworkingdifferently.5.Wherewouldgermsliketostay?A.Inwetplaces.B.Indryplaces.C.Indarkplaces.D.Inbrightplaces.spreadn.傳播germn.病菌skinn.皮膚alkalinesubstance堿性物質(zhì)chemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)moleculen.分子本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了肥皂的成分及作用原理，并建議大家勤用肥皂洗手。1.B。詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句的意思是“如果現(xiàn)在你‘聽(tīng)從’政府、醫(yī)生、科學(xué)家、老師和父母的建議（勤洗手），那么你可能從來(lái)沒(méi)有像現(xiàn)在這樣經(jīng)常性地洗手”。follow在此處表示“遵循，聽(tīng)從”。2.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一、二句Germssticktothenaturaloil（atypeoffat）onyourskin.Waterwithoutsoapisn'tverysuccessfulatgettingthegermsoffyourskinbecausewaterandoildon’tmix可知，病菌附著在油脂上，光用水沖洗油脂沖不掉，病菌也就沖不掉。3.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二、三句Whenthefatandthealkalinesubstancearemixedtogetherwiththehelpofsomewater，thereisachemicalreaction.Soapistheresultofit可知，堿性物質(zhì)與脂肪可以發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)生成肥皂，所以?xún)烧咴谝黄鹂梢耘浜瞎ぷ鳌?.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第四句Themoleculesofsoaphaveoneendthatloveswaterandoneendthatlovesoil可知，肥皂的兩個(gè)分子端工作原理不同。5.A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句Germslovewetenvironments….可知，病菌喜歡潮濕的環(huán)境。Sorenecksareverycommonthesedays.Howtoavoidasoreneck?1.__________________Takeprecautionsafteranunusualactivity.Manypeoplereporthavingpainintheirnecksafterdoingsomethingthattheydon'toftendo,suchasanewexerciseorpackingandmoving.Ifyouknowyou'vedonesomethingthatputsyouatrisk，massageyourneck，doitwithdifferentexercisesandtakeawarmbathbeforebed.2._________Ifyouworklonghoursatadesk,youmaywanttomakesurethatyourworkenvironmentissetuptobethemostrelaxing.Makesurethatyourbodyisbeingtreatedright.3.__________Thiswilloftendependonhowhighyourchairis，soadjustitintimetoachievegoodresults.4.__________Sittinginonepositionforlongperiodsoftimeisnothealthy.Sitwithyourbackstraightformostofthetime.Takea5-minutebreakifyoucanandwalkaroundeveryhour.Exercise.Findsomething--swimming，runningorclimbing—thatmakesyouexcitedandfeelalive.Makeitintoausualway.5.__________.A.Changeyourpostureoften.B.Keepyourfeetonthefloor.C.Herearethethingsyoushouldknow.D.Makesureyourworkstationiscorrect.E.Yourbodywillfeelbetterandyourmindwillfeelmorerelaxed.1-5CDBAEavoidv.避免precautionn.預(yù)防措施painn.疼痛massagev.按摩adjustv.調(diào)整positionn.位置aliveadj.有生氣的Ruthhadahardtimeseeingtheblackboardinclass.RosaandNicksatnexttoher.Ruthaskedthemto_1theblackboardforhereveryday.Oneday,theirteachersaid,"Ruth,Ithinkyoushouldgoto_2aneyedoctor."Afewdayslater,Ruthandhermotherwenttoaneyedoctor's_3Ononesideofthedarkroomwasachairwithamachineinfrontofit.ThedoctortoldRuthto_4_inthechair.Dr.Rileymovedthe_5overtoRuth.Partofthemachinelookedlikeamask.Dr.RileytoldRuthtolook_6_themaskandreadsomelettersonthewall._7Dr.Rileyturnedsomedials,thelettersbecameblurryandthenclear.Dr.RileyturnedthedialsuntilRuthsaidthattheletterswere_8.AfterDr.Riley_9theexamination,hetookRuthtoanotherroom.Therehe_10Ruthtopickoutframesforherglasses.Ruth_11redframes.Dr.RileytoldRuththatherglasseswouldbe_12inafewdays.Threedayslater,Ruthgotherglasses.She_13thewayshelookedwithherglasses.Sheworethemtoschool."I'mgladthatyou_14haveglasses,"Rosasaid."Nowyoucanseetheblackboardclearlyby_15."Nicksaid.Theyalllaughed.1.A.learnB.drawC.cleanD.read2.A.becomeB.seeC.serveD.invite3.A.homeB.partyC.meetingD.office4.A.talkB.playC.sitD.seep5.A.chairB.machineC.foodD.medicine6.A.throughB.aboutC.forD.after7.A.IfB.UntilC.AsD.But8.A.freshB.differentC.funnyD.clear9.A.finishedB.organizedC.acceptedD.improved10.A.caughtB.helpedC.expectedD.orderedl1.A.missedB.brokeC.choseD.found12.A.popularB.oldC.expensiveD.ready13.A.likedB.discussedC.lostD.shared14.A.luckilyB.quietlyC.finallyD.easily15.A.meB.myselfC.youD.yourself.blackboardn.黑板maskn.面具lettern.字母dialn.刻度盤(pán)blurryadj.模糊不清的examinationn.檢查framesn.眼鏡框本文是記敘文。文章講述了Ruth眼睛近視看醫(yī)生配眼鏡的過(guò)程，以及看醫(yī)生前后在學(xué)校發(fā)生的故事。該篇章為并列式結(jié)構(gòu)。即開(kāi)篇介紹了Ruth眼睛近視，然后講述了她和媽媽去看醫(yī)生配眼鏡的過(guò)程，最后介紹了戴上眼鏡后Rut看清了黑板。1.D。因?yàn)榭床磺搴诎迳系淖?，所以Ruth讓鄰桌Rosa和Nick幫她讀（read）黑板上的字。2.B。老師建議Ruth去看（see）眼科醫(yī)生。3D。幾天后，媽媽和Ruth去了眼科醫(yī)生的辦公室office）4.C。醫(yī)生讓她坐（sit）在椅子上。5.B。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后一句Partofthemachinelookedlikeamask可知，醫(yī)生移動(dòng)機(jī)器（machine）到Ruth面前。6.A。醫(yī)生讓Ruth透過(guò)（（through）面罩去看，并讀出墻上的字母7.C。隨著（As）醫(yī)生轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)刻度盤(pán)，字母從模糊不清變得清晰了。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“隨著……”8.D。醫(yī)生轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)刻度盤(pán)直到Ruth說(shuō)能看清（clear）字母了才停止。9A。醫(yī)生做完（finished）檢查后，把Ruth帶到另一個(gè)房間。10.B。在那里，醫(yī)生幫助(helped）Ruth挑選眼鏡框。11.C。Ruth挑選（chose）了一副紅色的眼鏡框。12.D。醫(yī)生告訴她們過(guò)幾天眼鏡就做好了（ready）13.A。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后一句Sheworethemtoschool可知，Ruth喜歡（liked戴眼鏡的感覺(jué)。14.C。Rosa說(shuō)：“我很開(kāi)心你終于（（finally）帶上眼鏡了?！?5.D。Nick說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在，你可以獨(dú)自（byyourself）看清黑板上的字了?！眀yoneself是固定搭配，意為“單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自”利用固定搭配解題固定搭配是英語(yǔ)中某種固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，不能隨意改動(dòng)。這就要求同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中不斷積累，掌握?？嫉墓潭ù钆?，考試中才能從容解題。本篇第15空的haveagoodtime是固定搭配，意為“過(guò)得愉快”。如果同學(xué)們已經(jīng)掌握了這個(gè)表達(dá)，那么做起這一題就可以手到擒來(lái)，也可為做其他較難的題目騰出時(shí)間。buttripquestionIhurtrealshakewithalwayshealthTeethareveryimportanttous.Tokeepourteeth1._________weneedtogotothedentistoften.Somekidsareafraidtogotothedentist,2.________notme.Ihaveafunnydentist.HisnameisDr.Smileyface.Idon'tthinkthat'shis3._____name,butthat'swhathetellsthekids.Hehasacoolwailingroom4.______computergamesandabigtoybox.Heaskskidsfunny5.___________like,"What'syourjob?"and"Doyoueatflowerstomakeyourbreathsmellgood"Onetime,Iwenttogetoneofmyteethpulled.Dr.Smileyfacelet6.______liedownandasked,"Whathaslotsofteeth,butnevergoestothedentist?"17.______myhead."Acomb!"hesaid.When1laughedloudly,hepulledmytooth.Itdidn't8._________atall.Dr.SmileyfacealsotellsmetobrushmyteetheverydaysoIdon'tgetacavitythesizeoftheGrandCanyon.WhenIleave,he9._________sendsmehomewithasurprise.Lasttime,itwasarubberspider.Itscaredmymomalot.Nowshe'safraidofmy10._______tothedentist!.smellv.聞起來(lái)pullv.拔出combn.核子cavityn.洞rubberspider橡膠蜘蛛1.health 2.but 3.real4.with5.questions 6.me 7.shook 8.hurt 9.always 10.tripMrs.Millerwas70yearsold.Shelivedalone,sosometimesshefeltlonely