卷07-閱讀理解(解析版)

小題素養(yǎng)卷——培素養(yǎng)，穩(wěn)實(shí)力【小題小卷】沖刺2023年高考英語小題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)（解析版）專題07閱讀理解難度：★★★★☆建議用時(shí)：30分鐘正確率：/40閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。A應(yīng)用文(河南省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年上學(xué)期開學(xué)考英語試題)ForArtLoversWeAreWaterProtectorsCaroleLindstrom,illustrated(加插圖)byMichaelaGoadeWaterislife!TheWaterProtectorsatStandingRockandbeyondhavebeenbattlingtodefendMotherEarth’ssacredwatertohonorourancestors,toprovideforourpeoplesandforfuturegenerations.Thispicturebook—seriously,it’sbreathtaking—waswrittenbyCaroleLindstromoftheTurtleMountainBandofOjibweandillustratedbyMichaelaGoade.(Forages3to6)AllBecauseYouMatterTamiCharles,illustratedbyBryanCollierFromthematteroftheuniversetoBlackLivesMatter,thisillustratedbookpullstogethertherealuniversetomakeitclearthatitsyoungreadersarespecialbeyondbelief.Drawinginspirationfromhisowngrandmother’sclothes-making,BryanCollierpairswithTamiCharlestodeliveranimportantmessage.(Forages4to8)Honeybee:TheBusyLifeofApisMellifera(意大利蜂)CandaceFleming,illustratedbyEricRohmannAbeautifullyillustratedApismelliferapresentedintastyoilpaintscycles.Youngreadersgetafrontrowseattothenaturalworldwhilevividwordsintroducetheanxietyleadingtothebee’sfirstflight.Thinkeachbeehasjustonejob?Thinkagain.Beesholdavarietyofoccupationsduringtheirshort,lovelylives—andyouthoughtyouwerebusy!(Forages6to9)ThePlainJanesCecilCastellucciandJimRuggCecilCastellucciandJimRugg’schildrencomicaboutfourgirlartistsattractedreaderswhenitwasreleasedin2007.Now,inareissue(再版)thatincludestheoriginaltalesalongwithanewstory,Castellucciagesuphermessage.WhiletheJanes’liveshavegrownmorecomplicated,Castellucci’sthemeremainssincereand—inthesetryingtimes—somethingmanyofusstruggletokeepinmind.(Forages8to15)1．WhichbookdoesMichaelaGoadedrawfor?A．ThePlainJanes. B．AllBecauseYouMatter.C．WeAreWaterProtectors. D．Honeybee:TheBusyLifeofApisMellifera.2．WhogaveBryanColliertheinspirationtoillustrateforAllBecauseYouMatter?A．Hisfamilymember. B．Hisreaders.C．Himself. D．TamiCharles.3．Whatdothefourbookshaveincommon?A．Theyareaboutendangeredanimals.B．Theyaretargetedatartloversundersixteen.C．Theyhavebeenreleasedmorethanonce.D．Theycontributetoenvironmentalprotection.【答案】1．C

2．A

3．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了4本針對(duì)16歲以下的藝術(shù)愛好者的書。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WeAreWaterProtectors中的“CaroleLindstrom,illustrated(加插圖)byMichaelaGoade，由米凱拉·戈德繪圖)”可知，米凱拉·戈德為《我們都是水的守護(hù)者》這本書加插圖。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AllBecauseYouMatter中的“Drawinginspirationfromhisowngrandmother’sclothes-making,BryanCollierpairswithTamiCharlestodeliveranimportantmessage.(布萊恩·科利爾從自己祖母的服裝制作中汲取靈感，和塔米·查爾斯一起傳達(dá)了一個(gè)重要的信息。)”可知，他的家人給了布萊恩·科利爾創(chuàng)作《因?yàn)槟阕钪匾返撵`感。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題ForArtLovers(獻(xiàn)給藝術(shù)愛好者)和WeAreWaterProtectors中的“Forages3to6(適合3至6歲)”、AllBecauseYouMatter中的“Forages4to8(適合4至8歲)”、Honeybee:TheBusyLifeofApisMellifera(意大利蜂)中的“Forages6to9(適合6至9歲)”和ThePlainJanes中的“Forages8to15(適合8至15歲)”可知，這四本書共同之處是針對(duì)16歲以下的藝術(shù)愛好者的。故選B。B記敘文(廣東省深圳市光明區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高三第一次模擬考試)Thesetissimple:alittlefabric,achair,maybesomeflowers.Itsusersaremorecomplex:anAmericanmotherwhotakesherchildrentovisittheirMexicanfathereveryweekend,andanineyear-oldboywhowantsto“haveamemoryofustogether”beforehisfathergoesbacktoCalifornia.Theypausewhatthey’redoing.sitforaphoto,andleavewithaprintedcopy.BehindthecameraisAlexiaWebster.aSouthAfricanphotographerwhosetsupstreetstudiosaroundtheworld.AtStudioTransfronterizo,herprojectinTijuana,Mexico,passingcharactersofferalookatlifeontheworld’sbusiestlandborder.Everydaynearly100,000peoplelegallycrossfromTijuanatoSanDiego,California,attheSanYsidroborder.MorethanadecadeagoWebsterwasphotographingfortheUnitedNationsinarefugee(難民)campinKenyawhenamantoldherhe’dwatchedphotographersvisitfor15yearsbutdidn’thaveasinglepictureofhimselforhisfamily.ManyofWebster’ssubjectshadescapedfromwar,leavingpersonalarchives(檔案)behind.Onephotocouldhelpthemrebuild.In2011,withaprinterandatemporarystudioonacornerinCapeTown,SouthAfrica,Websterinvitedpeopletoposeforafreesession.Sheprintedtheirpicturesonthespot.“Primarilyit’sforthem,fortheirkids,theirgrandkids,theirlovers,theirfriends,”shesays.“It’sarecordofwhotheyare.”Websterhassinceputupstudiosinotherplaces,fromthestreetsofMumbai,IndiatoarefugeecampinSouthSudan.Shegivesfewinstructionsfrombehindthecamera.“Theideaoftheprojectisforpeopletorebuildtheirarchivesandreaffirmtheiridentity,”Webstersays.“Ilikethemtodeterminehowtheywanttheirphototobe.4．What’sAlexiaWebster’sjob?A．Takingphotosforpassers-by.B．Rescuingchildrenfromthewarzone.C．SellingcamerastotravelersfromAmerica.D．Offeringlegalhelptopeoplecrossingtheborder.5．WheredidAlexiaWebstersetupherfirststudio?A．InSouthAfrica. B．InMexico.C．InIndia. D．InSouthSudan.6．Whatisthepurposeofthestudios?A．Totrainyoungpeopleasprofessionalphotographers.B．Toofferpassers-byachancetoreclaimtheiridentity.C．Toprovidefreelegalconsultationforfamiliesinneed.D．Tohelprefugeesaroundtheworldtoescapefromwar.7．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Atravelbrochure. B．Agovernmentdocument.C．Amagazine. D．Anovel.【答案】4．A

5．A

6．B

7．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了南非攝影師AlexiaWebster在世界多地建立攝影工作室為路人拍照，幫助他們重建檔案的故事?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Theypausewhatthey’redoing,sitforaphoto,andleavewithaprintedcopy.BehindthecameraisAlexiaWebster,aSouthAfricanphotographerwhosetsupstreetstudiosaroundtheworld.（他們停下手頭的工作，坐下來拍照，然后拿著打印好的復(fù)印件離開。鏡頭后面是AlexiaWebster，一位在世界各地設(shè)立街頭工作室的南非攝影師）”可知，AlexiaWebster的工作是為路人拍照。故選A項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的句子“In2011,withaprinterandatemporarystudioonacornerinCapeTown,SouthAfrica.Websterinvitedpeopletoposeforafreesession.（2011年，在南非開普敦的一個(gè)角落里，他帶著一臺(tái)打印機(jī)和一個(gè)臨時(shí)工作室。韋伯斯特邀請(qǐng)人們免費(fèi)擺姿勢(shì)）”可知，2011年，AlexiaWebster在南非建立了第一個(gè)攝影工作室。故選A項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子“Theideaoftheprojectisforpeopletorebuildtheirarchivesandreaffirmtheiridentity,”Webstersays.（這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的想法是讓人們重建他們的檔案，重申他們的身份）可知，AlexiaWebster通過為流離失所的路人拍攝照片，幫助他們重建檔案，從而找回自我身份。故選B項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。雜志類文章內(nèi)容專題性較強(qiáng)，話題較為具體；語言表達(dá)更具作者主體意識(shí)。本文就Webster創(chuàng)立街頭攝影工作室這一事跡進(jìn)行描寫，語言生動(dòng)，字里行間流露出作者對(duì)Webster行為的肯定與贊賞。由此可以推斷該文最有可能出自雜志。故選C項(xiàng)。C說明文（2023屆江蘇省南京市第一中學(xué)高三第一次模擬考試英語試題）MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobotscalled“microrollers”thatcancarrycancerdrugsandselectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.Theteamdrewinspirationforthedesignoftherobotsfromwhitebloodcellsinthehumanbody,whichcanmovealongthewallsofbloodvessels(血管)againstthedirectionofbloodflow.Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfoftherobotwascoatedwithathinmagneticnanofilm(磁性納米膜)madefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththecancerdrugdoxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.Theteamtestedtherobotsusingmousebloodandartificialchannelslinedwithhumanendothelialcells—thekindofcellsthatlinetheinnerwallsofourbloodvessels.Therobotswereexposedtoamixtureofcancerousandhealthytissue.ThemicrorollersselectivelyattachedtothecancercellsandwereactivatedusingUVlighttoreleasethedoxorubicin.Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovementofthemicrorollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood.Themicrorollerscanreachaspeedofupto600micrometerspersecond.“Ifyoucometoaspotwhereyouneedtotaketherightpathandifyoumissit,thenyoucouldgobackandgototherightone,”saysSetti.Infuture,theresearcherswanttouseothermethodstostartthedrugrelease,suchasheatornear-infraredlight.Theyalsoplantotrymakingmicrorollersoutofmaterialsthatwouldbreakdowninthebodyoverafewweeksormonths.Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon.“Therollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,”saysSetti.“Butsincewecanlocallytakedrugstotherighttarget,wedon’tneedhugedosages(劑量).”9．Whatcanthemicrorollersbeusedfor?A．Repairingbloodcells. B．Deliveringdrugs. C．Improvingbloodflow. D．Performingoperations.10．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthemicrorollers?A．Theirshape. B．Theiradvantage. C．Theirdesign. D．Theirapplication.11．WhatcanwelearnabouttherobotsfromParagraph4?A．Theirdirectioncanbeadjusted. B．Theymightmissthetargetcells.C．Theymightgetstuckintheblood. D．Theirspeedcanchangeautomatically.12．Whatwillthescientistsprobablydonext?A．Putthemicrorollerstoclinicaluse. B．Sellthemicrorollersinlargequantities.C．Tearthemicrorollersdowninthebody. D．Experimentwiththemicrorollersfurther.【答案】B

C

A

D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了德國(guó)開發(fā)的小型機(jī)器人——microroller，它能夠運(yùn)送抗癌藥物，并有選擇性地針對(duì)人類的乳腺癌細(xì)胞。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobots“microroller”thatcancarrycancerdrugsandselectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.”（德國(guó)斯圖加特馬克斯·普朗克智能系統(tǒng)研究所的梅廷·西蒂和他的同事已經(jīng)開發(fā)出微型機(jī)器人“microroller”，可以攜帶抗癌藥物并選擇性地靶向人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞）可知，這種微型機(jī)器人可以運(yùn)送抗癌藥物，并有選擇地針對(duì)人類乳腺癌細(xì)胞。故選B項(xiàng)。10．主旨大意題。第二段“Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfoftherobotwascoatedwithathinmagneticnanofilmmadefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththecancerdrugdoxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.”（microroller是圓形的，由玻璃微粒制成。機(jī)器人的一半表面覆蓋著一層由鎳和金制成的磁性納米薄膜。另一半涂有抗癌藥物阿霉素以及識(shí)別癌細(xì)胞的分子）可知，第二段主要介紹了這種微型機(jī)器人的形狀，構(gòu)成材料等，即小型機(jī)器人“microroller”的設(shè)計(jì)。故選C項(xiàng)。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovementofthemicrorollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood.”（通過施加磁場(chǎng)，該團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠控制microroller的運(yùn)動(dòng)，包括在順著和逆著血液流動(dòng)的情況下）可知，通過應(yīng)用磁場(chǎng)，研究小組能夠控制這種機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)，無論是順著血液流動(dòng)的方向還是逆著血液流動(dòng)的方向。即它的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向是可以調(diào)整的。故選A項(xiàng)。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon.“Therollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,”saysSetti.（該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望很快在動(dòng)物身上測(cè)試microroller。Setti說：“微型機(jī)器人需要攜帶足夠的藥，這就是我們需要大量使用它們的原因?！保┩浦茖W(xué)家要對(duì)這種機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。D議論文(2022屆東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體高考模擬)Summer'shereanditwon'tbelongbeforeschool-agedkidsacrossAmericastartcomplainingthatthey'retiredofridingtheirbikes,playingatthepark,swimminginthepoolandalltheotherawesomeactivitiestheirparentshopedwouldkeepthementertainedforthenext10weeks.Suchrapid—onsetboredomcouldindicatethatthekidshaveamazingpowersofrecall.Becauseanewstudyshowsthatthebetteryourshort—termmemoryis,thefasteryoufeelsatedanddecideyou'vehadenough.ThefindingsappearintheJournalofConsumerResearch.“Thoughsatiationcanbephysical,likewhenyoufeelfullaftereatingtoomuch,wewereinterestedinthepsychologicalsideofsatiation.Likewhenyou'rejusttiredofsomething.”NoelleNelson,assistantprofessorofmarketingandconsumerbehaviorattheUniversityofKansasSchoolofBusiness.SheandhercolleagueJosephReddenattheUniversityofMinnesotatriedtothinkoutsidethelunchbox.“Somethingthatwasinterestingtomeisthatsomepeoplegettiredofsamethingsatverydifferentrates.Soifyouthinkaboutpopsongsontheradio,somepeoplemuststillbeenjoyingthemandrequestingthemevenafterhearingthemalot.Butalotofotherpeoplearereallysickofthosesamesongs.”Thedifferencemighthavetodowithmemoriesofpastconsumption.Forexample,studiesshowthatpeoplepushawayfromthedinnertablesoonerwhenthey'reaskedtodescribeindetailwhattheyateearlierforlunch.Thefindingssuggestthatmarketerscoulduseourdesirefortheirproductsbyfiguringoutwaystodistract(使分心)usandkeepusfromfullyrememberingourexperiences.Wecouldalsotrickourselvesintoeatinglessjunkfoodbyimmersing(使浸沒)ourselvesinthememoryofaprevioussnack.Asforkidseasilybored,justtellthemtobefogged(模糊的)aboutit—itmighthelpthemhavemorefun.12．Whomayhaveabettershort-termmemoryinthetext?A．Singerssingingthesamesongs.B．Customerswholiketoeatjunkfood.C．Riderswhoarephysicallyenergetic.D．Swimmersgivingupswimmingafterawhile.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sated”mean?A．Full. B．EnergeticC．Hungry. D．Excited.14．Whatshouldwedoinourdailylifeaccordingtothefindings?A．Talklessaboutprevioussnacksforeatinglessjunkfood.