北京市西城區(qū)2024屆高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題

北京市西城區(qū)2024屆高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五六總分評分一、第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenSusanwasahighschoolsenior,herEnglishteacherMr.DiMeogavetheclassachallengingtask:Reciteapoeminfrontofthewholeclass."Ihadamildstutter（結(jié)巴）.I'dbe1．togetawordoutthatmightbeginwith'D'or'TH',orImightsay'the'threetimes,"Susansaid.Thethoughtofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto2．.Susanwenthomeand3．howscaredshewastohermom,whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe4．fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass.Whenthedayoftherecitationcame,Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo.5．shewasdone,Mr.DiMeosaidsomethingshe'dneverheardbefore:thathelikedlisteningtohervoice.Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn'thavetobeasourceof6．.Susanwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.ShenevergottoproperlythankMr.DiMeo.Butsometimeaftercollege,she7．a(chǎn)jobasacorporatetrainer.Thenewpositionmadeherrealizehowbiga（n）8．hehadhadonherconfidence."Istandupinfrontofpeopleandspeak,andIdoitallthetime.IfIdostutteronceinawhile,nobigdeal,"shesaid.Susanrecentlyfoundawayto9．herformerteacher,andplansonsendinghimaletterexpressingherappreciation.Inhermind,Mr.DiMeoisanunsunghero,becausehe'sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife."Idon'tknowwhereIwould'vegoneifIfeltlikeIhadtokeepmyvoice10．becauseIwasafraidofembarrassingmyself.I'dliketothankhimforthatkindness."1．A．continuing B．struggling C．pretending D．hoping2．A．share B．express C．find D．bear3．A．taught B．proved C．revealed D．promised4．A．excused B．prohibited C．corrected D．discouraged5．A．While B．Although C．Unless D．Once6．A．jealousy B．worry C．boredom D．loneliness7．A．wanted B．offered C．landed D．created8．A．impact B．idea C．choice D．stress9．A．judge B．contact C．study D．interview10．A．sweet B．loud C．quiet D．deep二、第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。語法填空（短文）I'llneverforgetmyfirstvisittoChina.Mumencouragedmetotrydifferentkindsoffood,andIdid!Ilovedeverything.ButjustwhenIthoughtIcoulddealwithallChinesefood,Icameacrossstinkytofu.Ahorriblegreythingthatlookedandsmeltlikeaburntsportsshoe."Youneedn'ttryit11．youdon'twantto,"Mumsaid.ButI12．（gather）allmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazedtofinditwasn'tsobad.Itremindedmeofbluecheese,asimilarlystrongsmellingtypeoffoodyoueitherloveorhate.MaybeI13．（fall）inlovewithstinkytofu-someday.語法填空（短文）The5-SecondRulesuggestsfoodisOKtoeatifyoupickitup14．fivesecondsorless.Believeitornot,scientistshavetestedtherule.We'resorrytoreportit'snotnecessarilytrue.Bacteriacanattach15．（it）toyourfoodinstantly,regardlessofhowquicklyit16．（pick）up.Foodleftthereforfivesecondsorlesswillprobablycollectlessbacteriathanfoodsittingthereforalongertime,butfastmaynotbefastenough.Floors,evenclean-lookingones,harborbacteria.Ultimately,ifindoubt.abandonthefood17．（avoid）potentialillness.語法填空（短文）Yourhometowncouldaffectyournavigational（導(dǎo)航的）skills.Newresearchindicatesthatindividuals18．（raise）incitieswithstructuredstreetpatternsmayencounterdifficultiesinnavigationcomparedtothosefromruralareaswithmoreorganiclayouts.Thisconclusionwasdrawnfromastudy19．（involve）playersofamobilegameaboutsea,20．tests3-Dnavigationskills.However,there'shopeforcityresidents:anurbanversionofthegameshowedslightimprovementsforthem.三、第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。閱讀理解DiscoveryPassWithaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass,youcan?getunlimitedbookedtraveltomorethan365destinationsontheNSWTrainLinkRegionaltrainandcoachnetwork?chooseapassthatsuitsyourtravelplans:14days,onemonth,threemonthsorsixmonths?chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyourstyle:EconomyorFirstClass（Premium）.PleasenotethatyoucannotbookachildticketonlinewithaDiscoveryPass.Youwillinsteadneedtocall132232orvisitasalesagent.Beforepurchasingapass,pleasereadtherelevanttermsandrules.ANSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassisnon-refundableanditcannotbeassignedtoanotherperson.PricesPasstype14days1month3months6monthsAdultEconomy$232$275$298$420AdultPremium$300$350$400$550ChildEconomy$121$143$154$220ChildPremium$154$176$220$275HowtopurchaseapassandbooktripsStep1:PurchaseaDiscoveryPassChooseatimelimitandclassoftravelthatsuitsyourneeds.Step2:BookyourtripsAfteryoupurchaseaDiscoveryPass,youhaveuptoonemonthtobookyourfirsttrip.Thetimelimitonyourpasswillstartfromthedeparturedateofyourfirstbookedtrip.Alltripsmustbebookedandtakenbeforetheexpiry（到期）dateindicatedonthepass.Youmustbookeachtripbeforeyoutravel.Findoutmoreaboutwaystobookyourticket?Visitourwebsite:https://tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket21．YoucanuseaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassto____.A．bookachildticketonlineB．chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyouC．chooseaweekly,monthlyoryearlypassD．getbookedtraveltounlimiteddestinations22．Ifamotherwithachildwantstobuyaone-monthNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassforEconomyClass,sheshouldpayA．$353 B．$418 C．$693 D．$87623．WhatcanweknowaboutaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass?A．Apasscanbegiventoanotherperson.B．ApasscanberefundedtoNSWTrains.C．Thetimelimitonapassstartsfromthedayofyourpurchase.D．Youshouldbookyourfirsttripwithinonemonthafteryourpurchase.閱讀理解Asthisyeardrawstoaclose,IstillrememberthefearIfeltonabrightSaturdaymorninginlateSeptember,atafive-kilometerraceinClarkston,Georgia,asIwaitedformy11-year-oldsonatthefinishline.Iknewhecouldruna5kinabout30minutes.WhenIdidn'tseehimatthe35-minutemark,Ibegantowonderwhathadgonewrong.Hadhegottenlost?Washehitbyacar?Aboutanhourearlier,whenwedroveintotown,mysonnoticedaninsectonmycar.Itwasbrightgreen,nolongerthanafingernail.Anditwasfriendly.Thislittlegreenthinghoppedontomyson'sfinger,whereitstayedforalong,longtime.Itstayedsolongthatweeventuallygaveitaname:LittleFriend.Afewminutesbeforetherace,LittleFriendjumpedoffmyson'shandandlandedonthesidewalk.Butpedestriantrafficwasheavyandunpredictable.LittleFriendwasindanger.Somysonkneltandreachedouthishand.LittleFriendcameback.Theracewasabouttostart,andthetinygreeninsectwasinforawildride.Mysonwouldrunfast,andtheracewouldbelong,andhisarmswouldswing,andLittleFriendwouldeventuallybeshakenoff."YouwillloseLittleFriend,"Itoldhim.Mysonnodded,treatingthemomentwithappropriateseriousness.Theracebegan,andIlostsightofhim.Theexcitementatthefinishlinegavewaytoanxietywhenmysondidnotshowup.Ikeptaskingpeopleifthey'dseenhim.Noonehad.Andbeyondthe40-minutemark,Iwasinapanic.Buttherehewas,thankgoodness,justaheadofthe45-minutemark.AndtherewasLittleFriend,ridingontheuppercrookofhisrightthumblikeaverysmallcaptainonaverytallship.Mypredictionshadbeenwrong.Mysonhadnotrunfast,andhehadnotlostLittleFriend.Andthesetwofactsseemedsomehowrelated.Heblamedacoldhewasgettingover.Isuspecteditwasmorethanthat,butIdidn'tquestionhimtoomuchaboutit.Wewalkedbacktothecar,smiling,andfoundsomebushesintheparkinglotthatseemedlikeagoodplaceformysontodropoffLittleFriend."Befree,"mysonsaid,andgentlyputitinthebushes.Mysonknewthetruth.Sometimeslifegivesyousomethingbeautiful,afragile,short-livedtreasureinyourhand.Thereisnoneedtorushahead.Treatitgently.Enjoyeachmoment.Holdonwhileyoucan.Onedaymysonwillleavetoo,runningoffonhisownadventure.24．Howdidthewriterprobablyfeelwhenhefinallysawhissonappearinsight?A．Relieved. B．Depressed. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed.25．Thesonfailedtorunasfastashisfatherhadexpectedprobablybecause____.A．hewaslostB．hewasrecoveringfromacoldC．hewasafraidtolosethetinyinsectD．hewassloweddownbytheheavytraffic26．AsforthewayhissontreatedLittleFriend,thewriteris____.A．indifferent B．a(chǎn)nxious C．a(chǎn)ppreciative D．doubtful27．Whatwillthewritermostprobablydoaftertherace?A．Treasureeverymomenthehaswithhisson.B．Encouragehissontotakemoreadventures.C．Tellhissontotakeracesseriously.D．Getmoreinsectsforhisson.閱讀理解EvanSelinger,professorinRIT'sDepartmentofPhilosophy,hastakenaninterestintheethics（倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）ofAlandthepolicygapsthatneedtobefilledin.Throughahumanitiesviewpoint,Selingerasksthequestions,"HowcanAIcauseharm,andwhatcangovernmentsandcompaniescreatingAlprogramsdotoaddressandmanageit?"Answeringthem,heexplained,requiresaninterdisciplinaryapproach."AIethicsgobeyondtechnicalfixes.Philosophersandotherhumanitiesexpertsareuniquelyskilledtoaddressthenuanced（微妙的）principles,valueconflicts,andpowerdynamics.Theseskillsaren'tjustcrucialforaddressingcurrentissues.Wedesperatelyneedthemtopromoteanticipatory（先行的）governance,"saidSelinger.Oneexamplethatillustrateshowphilosophyandhumanitiesexpertscanhelpguidethesenew,rapidlygrowingtechnologiesisSelinger'sworkcollaboratingwithaspecialAIproject."OneoftheskillsIbringtothetableisidentifyingcoreethicalissuesinemergingtechnologiesthathaven'tbeenbuiltorusedbythepublic.Wecantakepreventativestepstolimitrisk,includingchanginghowthetechnologyisdesigned,"saidSelinger.TakingthesepreventativestepsandregularlyreassessingwhatrisksneedaddressingispartoftheongoingjourneyinpursuitofcreatingresponsibleAI.Selingerexplainsthatthereisn'tastep-by-stepapproachforgoodgovernance."AIethicshavecorevaluesandprinciples,butthere'sendlessdisagreementaboutinterpretingandapplyingthemandcreatingmeaningfulaccountabilitymechanisms,"saidSelinger."SomepeoplearerightlyworriedthatAIcanbecomeintegratedinto'ethicswashing'-weakchecklists,flowerymissionstatements,andemptyrhetoricthatcoversoverabusesofpower.Fortunately,I'vehadgreatconversationsaboutthisissue,includingwithsomeexperts,onwhyitisimportanttoconsiderarangeofpositions."SomeofSelinger'srecentresearchhasfocusedontheback-endissueswithdevelopingAI,suchasthehumanimpactthatcomeswithtestingAIchatbotsbeforethey'rereleasedtothepublic.Otherissuesfocusonpolicy,suchaswhattodoaboutthedangersposedbyfacialrecognitionandotherautomatedsurveillance（監(jiān)視）approaches.SelingerismakingsurehisstudentsareinformedabouttheongoingindustryconversationsonAIethicsandresponsibleAI."Studentsaregoingtobefuturetechleaders.Nowisthetimetohelpthemthinkaboutwhatgoalstheircompaniesshouldhaveandthecostsofminimizingethicalconcerns.Beyondsocialcosts,downplayingethicscannegativelyimpactcorporatecultureandhiring,"saidSelinger."Toattracttoptalent,youneedtoconsiderwhetheryourcompanymatchestheirinterestsandhopesforthefuture."28．Selingeradvocatesaninterdisciplinaryapproachbecause____.A．humanitiesexpertspossessskillsessentialforAIethicsB．itdemonstratesthepowerofanticipatorygovernanceC．AIethicsheavilydependsontechnologicalsolutionsD．itcanavoidsocialconflictsandpressingissues29．TopromoteresponsibleAI,Selingerbelievesweshould____.A．a(chǎn)doptasystematicapproachB．a(chǎn)pplyinnovativetechnologiesC．a(chǎn)nticipateethicalrisksbeforehandD．establishaccountabilitymechanisms30．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．MorecompanieswilluseAItoattracttoptalent.B．UnderstandingAIethicswillhelpstudentsinthefuture.C．Selingerfavorscompaniesthatmatchhisstudents'values.D．Selingerislikelytofocusonback-endissuessuchaspolicy.閱讀理解Whilesomeallergies（過敏癥）disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.Fordecades,scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.ThesecellsproduceadifferentclassofantibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfectionsButnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecellswererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthemysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune（免疫的）cellsofpeoplewithallergiesandsomewithout.ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfromsixpeoplewithbirchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.UsingatechniquecalledRNAsequencing.theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells.whichtheynamedMBC2s.thatmakeantibodiesandproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergiesInanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryBcellsfrompeoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeoplewithbirchanddustmiteallergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremore.plentifulin58childrenallergictopeanutsthanin13kidswithoutallergies.TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiestoallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn'tproducetheprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK.thegroupdiscovered."StoppingJAKfromsendingthesignalcouldhelppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,"Lafaillesays.Shealsopredictsthatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatient'sallergyislikelytolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment."Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelpscientistsidentifyotherwaystokilltheallergycells,"saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicine."Youcouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyourpeanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies."31．Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?A．ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.B．TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.C．Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.D．Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.32．Whatdoestheword"desensitize"underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Make...lessdestructive. B．Make...lessresponsive.C．Make...lessprotective. D．Make...lesseffective.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams'work?A．MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.B．MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.C．JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.D．Allergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.34．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearchB．SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentifiedC．UnmaskingCells'IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergiesD．NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies四、第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostofusareactuallyterribleatgivinggifts.About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearintheU.S.35．Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays.Stoptryingtomakeyourgiftssodelightful.36．Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.Thoseexclamations.Thisiswhyitemslikehyper-specifickitchengadgetsandfancyvintageclocksallseemlikefantasticgifts.Butitturnsout,recipientsoftenwantthingsthatarefarmorepractical-thingstheycanactuallyuse.37．Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor.AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeopleweremoreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal.38．Howcanwecreateagift-givingplanthatisasemotionalaswedesire?Humanslovetofeelconnected.Andonewaywedothatisbysharinginterestswithothers.Soifyouwanttolearnhowtogivebettergifts,putyourselfintherecipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsomeotherhobby.39．Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare,theywillfeelmoreconnectedtoyouandappreciateyourgiftmore.A.Sohowdowegetlessterrible?B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor.C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?D.Thelong-termpleasureofthereceivermaynotbeobservedandthereforeisdiscounted.E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest.F.Whatrecipientscareaboutishowmuchvaluethey'regoingtogetfromthegiftoveralongertimeperiod.G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorethanthegiftitself.五、第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we'reconstantlylookingfornewwaystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.Butwhataboutthebirdsongsorothernaturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensionsofmodernlife?AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.Takingatriptoplacesrichinbirdlifelikeparks,forestsandcanalsandencounteringbirdssingingtoeachotherinthetreescouldevenhelptotreatsomementalhealthconditions.Andit'snotjustbirdsthatcouldhaveacurativeeffectonourmoods.AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation（冥想）apps.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasotherwoodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentleflowofastreamboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%morethantheappsdo.Othersoundswhichmayhelptocoolpeopledownarewaveslappingontheshore,gentlewind,andlightrainfall.However,notallofusliveinruralsurroundings,anddependingonwherewelive,atriptothecountrysidetoseebirdsmaynotbeanoption.Butcouldthenaturesoundsthatoriginatetherestillhelpyou?AccordingtoresearchbyCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,evenarecordingofthesoundsofbirdshadaprofoundeffectonpeople'smood,whileotherstudiessawpeoplelisteningtosoundscapesofthecoastandforestswithsimilaroutcomestotheirwellbeing.So,whereveryoulive,youcanaccessthewonderfulsoundsofbirdsandnatureduringastrollthroughawoodorviasomeheadphones.Andmaybelisteningtothechirps,trills,warblesandwhistlesofsomebirdscouldhelpyoutorelaxafteralong,hardday.40．WhatdidthestudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022find?41．HowdidtheNationalTrustconductthestudy?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.43．Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,whatdoyouusuallydotohelpyourelaxinyourdailylife?（Inabout40words）六、第二節(jié)（20分）44．書面表達(dá)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你和你校交換生Jim準(zhǔn)備聯(lián)合參加學(xué)校組織的校園文創(chuàng)設(shè)計(jì)大賽（CampusCulturalandCreativeDesignCompetition）,請給Jim發(fā)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.分享你的創(chuàng)意；2.詢問Jim的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,Yours,LiHua

答案解析部分【答案】1．B；2．D；3．C；4．A；5．D；6．B；7．C；8．A；9．B；10．C【答案】11．if；12．gathered；13．willfall【答案】14．in；15．itself；16．ispicked；17．toavoid【答案】18．raised；19．involving；20．which【答案】21．B22．B23．D【答案】24．A25．C26．C27．A【答案】28．A29．C30．B【答案】31．D32．B33．C34．D【答案】35．A；36．G；37．C；38．B；39．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了三種提高送禮技巧的方法。

【點(diǎn)評】考查任務(wù)型閱讀（七選五）。解題時(shí)，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡(luò)，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內(nèi)部的層次。選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)?？梢詮囊馑肌㈥P(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞來分析段落之間以及段落內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。35．根據(jù)空前"About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearintheU.S."美國，每年大約有價(jià)值700億美元的禮物被退回)"提到，在美國，每年大約有價(jià)值700億美元的禮物被退回；以及空后"Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays."里有三種方法可以提高你在節(jié)日期間送禮物的技巧。提到有三種方法可以改善上述問題，A.Sohowdowegetlessterrible?"那么，我們?nèi)绾尾拍懿荒敲丛愀饽兀?承上啟下，符合語境，故選A。36．根據(jù)空后"Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.Thoseexclamations."我們想從給予中獲得某些東西：那些快樂的表情。那些驚呼?？芍?，此處是描述送禮者的心理，G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorethanthegiftitself."研究表明，送禮者更喜歡拆開禮物那一刻的感覺，而不是禮物本身"符合語境，故選G。37．根據(jù)空后"Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor."送人們他們想要的東西就好；以及"Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal."結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些收到不在清單上的禮物的人會認(rèn)為這些禮物不夠體貼、不夠有個(gè)性?？芍徒o人們他們想要的東西就好，收到意外的禮物會讓人覺得不夠體貼，不夠有個(gè)性，所以本段是說如何送最適合的禮物，C.Sowhat'sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?"那么，你能給別人的最實(shí)用的禮物是什么呢？"符合語境，故選C。38．根據(jù)空前"AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeopleweremoreappreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthatweren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal."一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了亞馬遜的愿望清單，以確定人們是更喜歡清單上的禮物，還是那些完全出乎意料的禮物。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些收到不在清單上的禮物的人會認(rèn)為這些禮物不夠體貼、不夠私人。可知，人們收到不在清單上的禮物時(shí)會認(rèn)為這些禮物不夠體貼，即人們喜歡收到清單上的禮物，而不是驚喜，B.Surpriseisoverrated-we'rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor."‘驚喜'這個(gè)因素被高估了——我們更樂于得到我們相要的東西"符合語境，故選B。39．根據(jù)空前"putyourselfintherecipient'sshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsomeotherhobby."設(shè)身處地為收禮者著想，試著想一些你們共同擁有的東西。也許是對一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)、喝酒或?qū)ζ渌麗酆玫臒釔邸Ｌ岬?，站在收禮物的人的角度去想一些共同的愛好；以及空后"Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare"因?yàn)槟氵x擇了你們共有的東西?？芍?，空處是說找到共同的愛好后選擇與之相關(guān)的禮物，E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest."一旦你們找到了共同的興趣，就去找一份與這個(gè)興趣相關(guān)的有用的禮物"符合語境，故選E。【答案】40．Seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.41．Theycomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditationapps.42．Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehavethesameeffectonpeople'smood.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasothersoundsofnatureboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%morethantheappsdo.?Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehavethesameeffectonpeople'smood.43．略【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了2022年倫敦國王學(xué)院的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)看到或聽到鳥的聲音有助于促進(jìn)人們的心理健康。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)等。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀表達(dá)。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題以及開放性題兩種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。開放性題目要求考生根據(jù)所學(xué)知識有理有據(jù)，條分縷析，邏輯正確，層次分明地答題。40．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople."根據(jù)倫敦國王學(xué)院2022年的一項(xiàng)研究，看到或聽到鳥類有助于促進(jìn)人們的心理健康?？芍?022年倫敦國王學(xué)院的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)看到或聽到鳥的聲音有助于促進(jìn)人們的心理健康。故答案為Seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.41．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation(冥想)apps."國民信托組織進(jìn)行的另一項(xiàng)研究比較了林地聲音和語音冥想應(yīng)用程序的影響。可知，國民信托是比較了林地聲音和有聲冥想應(yīng)用程序的效果來進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。故答案為Theycomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditationapps.42．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasotherwoodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentle