2022中考熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式練 專題15 閱讀理解（原卷版）

中考熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式練專題15閱讀理解【題型一】閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文【典例分析】（2021·貴州黔南·中考真題）TheOlympicGamesbeganinOlympia,inancientGreece.Theyweremadeupofmanysports.Theystillexisttoday.TheserunnersaretakingpartinthemodernOlympics.AttheancientOlympicstherewerewrestlingmatches.Someathleteshurledadiscusasfarastheycould.AnotherpopularOlympicsportwasthelongjump.Menracedaroundatrackinchariotspulledbyhorses.ThemodernOlympicsareheldallovertheworld.Onlythebestathletestakepart.ATHENSAthensisthecapitalofGreece.ItwasthehostcityofthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.ThegamestookplaceinthePanathenaicStadium.BEIJINGBeijingisthecapitalofChina.Ithostedthe2008OlympicGames.TheopeningceremonywasintheNationalStadium.Itisalsocalled“theBird’sNest”.LONDONLondonisthecapitalofGreatBritain.IthashostedtheOlympicGamesthreetimesin1908,1948and2012,morethananyothercity.ThegamestookplaceintheWimbledonStadium.1．Howmanysportsarementionedinthismaterial?________A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.2．WhichcityheldthefirstmodernOlympicGames?________A．Athens. B．Beijing. C．London.3．Theopeningceremonyofthe2008OlympicGameswasin________.A．theNationalStadium B．thePanathenaicStadium C．theWimbledonStadium4．Thismaterialismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．a(chǎn)storybook B．a(chǎn)magazine C．a(chǎn)nadvertisement【提分秘籍】考點(diǎn)掃描閱讀理解主要考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。閱讀理解考試文體中一般會(huì)有一篇記敘文，話題主要是關(guān)于人物經(jīng)歷及感受、咨詢或建議、特殊人物介紹、跨文化介紹和活動(dòng)計(jì)劃等，形式可為日記、對(duì)話或短文等。考查方式上多為4道細(xì)節(jié)理解題和1道推理判斷題或1道主旨大意題。閱讀理解考試也少不了應(yīng)用文體，主要為海報(bào)信息、旅游信息和廣告信息等廣告圖表類等，--般圖表為1~4個(gè)框，框前有對(duì)表格整體內(nèi)容的文字介紹。試題的選材貼近考生生活，時(shí)代氣息濃郁，考查方式上多為3~5道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，偶爾考查1道數(shù)字計(jì)算題或1道推理判斷題。閱讀理解也會(huì)出現(xiàn)說明文。話題多涉及個(gè)人成長、咨詢或建議、特殊人物介紹、跨文化介紹等。文章以傳遞生活和學(xué)習(xí)正能量為主。如:夢(mèng)想的重要性、如何面對(duì)生活、產(chǎn)生痛苦的原因及解決方法等?？疾榉绞綖?前兩道小題多為細(xì)節(jié)理解題，中間1道為詞義猜測題，1道為推理判斷題，1道為主旨大意題或標(biāo)題歸納題。做題技巧一、快速瀏覽問題。讀問題時(shí)最好能判斷哪些問題可在文章中直接找出答案，哪些需要下結(jié)論等。二、帶著問題重讀。重讀時(shí)，務(wù)必在頭腦中記下尚未回答的問題，對(duì)文章有總體理解，注意文章的一些細(xì)微之處。此方法特別適用于表格型文體和羅列各種信息的文章。閱讀前明確任務(wù)，設(shè)置各種閱讀活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)自己有目的的閱讀，這是提高閱讀能力的一種實(shí)用技巧。可采用以下幾種方法訓(xùn)練:1.題干定位法題干定位法屬于“查讀法”的一種。應(yīng)用文閱讀材料包含的信息非常全面，但在中考試題中，它通常就某一點(diǎn)提問。因此，以細(xì)節(jié)理解為主，考生完全沒必要從頭到尾仔細(xì)閱讀。在做此類題時(shí)，宜采用“題干定位法”，即先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題的要求，按照題目順序依次有針對(duì)性地結(jié)合題干中的關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位，從而快速尋找有效信息。再將原文和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較。當(dāng)問題與原文材料相同的時(shí)候，對(duì)號(hào)入座;如果問題與原文不同，則可以同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等。2.補(bǔ)全成分法省略詞和省略句在應(yīng)用文中大量出現(xiàn)。對(duì)于影響語境理解的省略情況，我們應(yīng)將省略句補(bǔ)全，從而更加準(zhǔn)確地理解其意思。3.信息再加工法此方法主要用于詞義或句意推測題，以及涉及數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換的判斷推理題。此類題目需要考生對(duì)原文相關(guān)信息做正確理解,并通過推理判斷或計(jì)算，對(duì)信息進(jìn)行再加工。【變式演練】閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文第1篇（2021·江蘇淮安·中考真題）Summerreadingprogrammesencouragestudentstoreadinthesummerholiday.Belowyou’llfindalistofsummerreadingprogrammesthisyearthatwillofferyoufreethingslikebooks.Giftcardsandmore.XianfengSummerReadingProgrammeThisyeartheprogrammegivesoutafreebooktoeachchildwhoreadsandrecords5booksduringthesummer.ThisprogrammeisforstudentsinGrade1—6.ThisfreeprogrammerunsfromJuly1toAugust31.XinhuaSummerReadingProgrammeStudentscangetafreebaseballcapthissummerfromthisreadingprogramme.Thestudentsmustread4oftherecommendedbooksandfillaformtoshowwhichonestheyread.Theprogrammegoesonallyearround.SanlianSummerReadingChallengeSanlianbookstoreswillgiveyoungreadersaStarReadercertificate（證書）andadiscountcard（打折卡）iftheyreadany8booksoverthesummer.ThisprogrammeisforstudentsinGrade7—9.ThisprogrammerunsfromMay1toSeptember1.DangdangSummerReadingChallengeDangdanghasareadingchallengewherestudentsreadonlineandthenrecordtheminutesthey’veread.Theycanalsotakeweeklychallengestogetrewards.ThisprogrammerunsfromJuly1toOctober1.1.Thispassageisaboutfoursummerreadingprogrammesfor________.A．teachers B．parents C．students D．onlinereaders2．Studentscanget________fromXianfengSummerReadingProgrammeiftheyfinishthetask.A．a(chǎn)freebook B．a(chǎn)freebaseballcap C．a(chǎn)certificate D．a(chǎn)discountcard3．Amongthefourprogrammes,________laststhelongest.A．XianfengSummerReadingProgramme B．XinhuaSummerReadingProgrammeC．SanlianSummerReadingChallenge D．DangdangSummerReadingChallenge4．ReaderscangetDangdangrewardsby________.A．reading8books B．takingweeklychallengesC．fillingaformtoshowthebookstheyread D．recordingthenumberofthebookstheyread5．Thepurposeofthefourprogrammesis________.A．tohelpbookstoressellbooks B．togivestudentssomefreethingsC．toshowstudentstheimportanceofreading D．toencouragestudentstoreadmorebooks閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文第2篇（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）DearSigmundFriend,Mybrotherplaystheguitarverywell,somyparentssignedmeup(報(bào)名)forguitartoo.ButI’mjustnotaguitargirl.WhatshouldIdo?Can’tHoldDearCan’tHold,Thankyouforyourletter.Whileyourparentswantyoutoplaytheguitar,minehopedI’dplaybaseball.Youwouldbeamazedathowmuchmyparentslovebaseball.Mydadwasthestarplayeronhisschoolteam,andtheyfirstmetinlinetobuyhotdogsatabaseballgame!Yearsago,myparentsthoughtbaseballwouldjustbeinmybloodandI’dbeatalentedplayer.BeforeIcouldsay“Thanks,butnothanks”,theyhadsignedmeupandorderedmyuniform!Don’tgetmewrong.Mytrainingonbaseballwasn’tterrible.Ourcoachwasniceandthekidsonourteamweregreat.EventhoughIneverbecameverygoodatbaseball,Ididimprovebytheendofthatseason.Thensomethingunexpectedhappenedoneday.Mygrandmothertookmetothecommunitypoolonthewayhomeafterthebaseballpractice.ItturnedouttobethebesttimeIeverhad.IswamhappilywithaboycalledBenandlaterwebecamegoodfriends.Thenwedecidedtojoinaswimmingteam.SoItalkedtomyparentsaboutitthatnight,andtheyweresurprisinglyunderstandingaboutmywantingtobeonaswimmingteam.ButtheysaidIshouldfinishoutthatyear’sbaseballseasonfirst.SodearCan’tHold,here’swhatIthink.Yourparentspossiblythinkthatbecauseyourbrotherisintoguitar,youmustbeintoittoo.Buttheywon’tknowhowyoufeelifyoudon’ttalktothemaboutit.Whynotletthemknowthatguitardoesn’tseemliketherightinstrumentforyou,andgiveanotherinstrumentatry?Maybeyoucangiveviolinorpianoashot.Hopemyadviceishelpful.SigmundFriend(adaptedfromAFishontheBaseballField)1．Whodoestheunderlinedword“they”referto(指代)?A．Sigmund’sparents. B．Dad’steammates. C．Baseballgameviewers. D．Thegirl’sparents.2．WhatdoesSigmundmeanbythesentence“Thanks,butnothanks”?A．Herefusedhisparents,buthewasstillthankfultothem.B．Hefeltproudofhisparentsbecausetheyplayedbaseballwell.C．Herespectedhisparents,buthewasn’twillingtoplaybaseball.D．Heacceptedhisparents’advicebecausehe’dbeatalentedplayer.3．SigmundtellsCan’tHoldthestoryofhisowntoadviseherto________.A．talkwithhergrandmother B．followherownheartC．communicatewithherparents D．learnfromherbrother【題型二】閱讀理解之記敘文【典例分析】（2021·江蘇徐州·中考真題）Lisastoodnexttohertallsilentgrandfatherandwatchedherparentsdriveoff,leavingherbehind.Shelookedupathergrandfather.Helookeddownather.Hisskinwasalittledarkerthanhers.Hishairwasblackandwhite,asifitcouldn’tdecidewhichcoloritshouldbe.“Youdon’ttalkmuch,Grandpa,”Lisasaid.“Youdon’tvisitmuch,Lisa,”hergrandfatherreplied.Theystoodlookingateachother.“Comewithme,Lisa,”saidGrandpa.Hestartedwalkingwithoutlookingback.Lisafollowedhimtoalargestorehouse.LisarememberedherlastvisittoGrandpa’s.Shehadplayedhide-and-seekwithherbrotherJackinthestorehouse.ButnowJackneededanoperation.Lisahadtostayherealoneforafewdays.“Youcoming?”Grandpa’svoicesoundedmuffled.Hiswordswerecomingfrominsidethestorehouse.Lisawentinside.Thestorehousewasfullofallkindsofthings.Shecouldseehiminthefarcorner.Lisawalkedoverandstoodnexttohim.Hepointedtoasmallwoodenboxwith“Lisa”paintedonitinbrightgreenletters.“Yours,”hesaid.Lisabentdownandopenedit.Initweresomeoldthings—abrightbluefeather,atinyV-shapeleafandsomedolls.ShelookedupatGrandpa,withtearsinhereyes.“Theboxstayshere,butitbelongedtoyou.Nooneelse.”Thenheclosedhiseyesandsmiled.HissmileremindedLisaofherfather.Grandpanolongerseemedstrangeandsilent.“Imaybesoovercapitalized（過剩）,”Lisaanswered,carefullypronouncingthefamiliarword.Grandpalaughedoutloud.“Howdidthateight-year-oldbrainofyoursfinditswayaroundabigwordlike‘overcapitalized’?”“It’smydad’sfavouriteword,”Lisareplied.GrandpalookeddownatLisaandsmiled.HissmileagainremindedLisaofherfather.Withoutthinking,shereachedupandtookGrandpa’shand.Lisa’shandfeltsmallandsafeinsidehergrandfather’s.“Imightneedmorethanonevisittomybox,”Lisasaidseriously.“Iexpect,”Grandpasaid.1．WhydidLisastaywithGrandpaaloneforafewdays?A．Shewasonhersummervacation. B．Shemissedhergrandfatherverymuch.C．Hergrandfatherneededanoperationsoon. D．Herparentshadtolookafterhersickbrother.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“muffled”probablymean?A．Strange. B．Loud. C．Unclear. D．Beautiful.3．ThepassagetellsaboutGrandpaEXCEPTthat________.A．helikeddoingDIY B．hewasamanoffewwordsC．hehadblackandwhitehair D．hekeptawoodenboxforLisa4．WhatdidLisapromisetodoattheendofthestory?A．Takecareofherbrother. B．Writetoherparents. C．Usebigwordssometimes. D．VisitGrandpaoften.【提分秘籍】考點(diǎn)掃描人物故事類的閱讀理解文章是中考英語?？疾牧现弧＿@類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。1.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。2.做題技巧解題要點(diǎn)1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時(shí)應(yīng)該抓住時(shí)間線索來獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個(gè)時(shí)間做過什么，然后通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進(jìn)行解題。2.解題策略一、縱觀全文，列出記敘的要素一篇記敘文，要交代清楚人物和事件，就必須交代清楚記敘的要素，即:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件的原因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。二、弄清記敘的順序初中階段的記敘文多為順敘，因此需用鉛筆在文中勾畫出事情發(fā)展的先后時(shí)間，再簡單畫出每個(gè)時(shí)間做的事情，這樣就能很快把握故事內(nèi)容。三、理解記敘的人稱弄清記敘文中人稱代詞指代的對(duì)象，這有利于更好地理解文意。記敘文設(shè)置題目時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)某個(gè)代詞的指代意義，因此，要結(jié)合上下文，理解代詞的指代內(nèi)容，這對(duì)進(jìn)一步理解文章大意有所幫助。四、找出記敘的線索線索是記敘文的綱，抓住線索，就能理順文章內(nèi)容，掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，從而更好地理解文章的中心思想。五、體會(huì)記敘文的表達(dá)手法記敘文以敘事為主，有時(shí)也運(yùn)用描寫、說明和議論。尤其要注意夾敘夾議類文章，它的題目設(shè)計(jì)往往為推理性的或總結(jié)性的。【變式演練】閱讀理解之記敘文第1篇（2021·甘肅蘭州·中考真題）Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimecometrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paterno’sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,anddrawswideattention,partlybecauseofhisage,themoreimportantpartisthathislifestoryshowshisbelief.HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠疫情）.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily,Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid-1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung-notinagebutinspirit-ifyoudevelopinterests,”saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathree-yeardegree,thenatwo-yearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.Butheisn’tsosure.“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit,”hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster’sdegreebuthehadn’tdecidedyet.閱讀以上短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答其后各個(gè)小題。1．GiuseppePaterno’sdreamofalifetimeisto________.A．returntohishometown B．getauniversitydegreeC．drawpeople’sattention D．encouragethechildreninhiscountry2．WhydidMr.Paternogotoworksoonafterhefinishedhisprimaryschool?A．Becausehewasnotgoodatstudy. B．Becausehedislikedhisteachers.C．Becausehisfamilywaspoor. D．Becausehisjobwasinteresting.3．AccordingtoRossellaCancila,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay________.A．younginage B．younginspirit C．healthyinbody D．healthyinmind4．Fromthepassage,weknowthatalltheattentionmakesMr.Paternoalittle________.A．tired B．nervous C．happy D．excited5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SeeingIsBelieving. B．PracticeMakesPerfect.C．ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords. D．It’sNeverTooLatetoFollowaDream.閱讀理解之記敘文第2篇（2021·廣東廣州·中考真題）AmywalkedtowardMissBrown’sbackyard,whereshewasplantingroses.Lastweek,Amyandherparentsjustmovedintothehousenextdoor.Theoldwomanlookedup,“Whythelongface,Amy?”“Therearen’tanykidsaroundtoplaywith,”saidAmy.“Ihavenothingtodo.”MissBrownsmiled,“Yousoundjustlikeagirlwhousedtolivehere.”“Really?Who?”“HernameisRachel,”saidMissBrown.“Toobadyoutwoyounggirlscouldn’thavelivedhereatthesametime.”“WhatdidRacheldowhenshewasbored?”askedAmy.“Sheplantedaflowergarden,”answeredMissBrown.AmylookedatMissBrown’sroses.“CouldI,too?”MissBrownhandedAmysometoolsandroses.“Thiswillgetyoustarted.”“Thanks,”saidAmy.Amyworkedhardthewholeafternooninhergarden.Whenshesawthelovelyrosesplanted,shesmiled.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’tthere.Thenextday,AmywateredherrosesandwalkedtoMissBrown’sbackyard,whereshesatreading.“WhatelsedidRacheldo?”askedAmy.“Shewrotepoemsinherflowergarden,”MissBrownanswered.“Oneofherpoemsevenwonaprizeinaschoolcompetition.”Amyclosedhereyes.“Howgooditwouldfeel,butIdon’tknowhowtowritepoems,”shesaid.MissBrownsmiled,“Thebestwayistoreadpoemsfirst.”ShehandedAmyherbook.“Thanks,”saidAmy.Amylayonherstomachnexttoherrosesandread.Thenshestartedtowrite.Thatnightshehadapoemthatmightnotbeaprizewinnerbutsoundedgoodenough.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’tthere.Thethirdday,Amywateredherflowers,wroteanewpoem,andthenwalkedtoMissBrownagain.“WhatelsedidRacheldo?”askedAmy,“Sheplayedintheattic(閣樓).Comewithme,”MissBrowninvited.“Thanks!”saidAmy.“Makeyourselfathome,”MissBrownsaidandleftAmytosearchalonethere.ThenAmyfoundatrophy(獎(jiǎng)杯)withthesewords—FirstPrizeinPoetry.RachelBrown.1937.Slowly,asmilespreadacrossherface.AmyranbacktoMissBrown,“IwonderifRachelwouldliketowritepoemsinmyflowergarden.”MissBrownsmiled,“Ithinkshewouldloveto.”1．WhywasAmyunhappyatfirst?A．Shecouldn’tmeetRachel. B．Shedidn’tlikethenewhouse.C．Shedidn’thaveanyfriendsthere. D．ShewasleftalonetoMissBrown.2．WhatdidMissBrowndotohelpAmy?A．ShetoldAmytostayalone. B．SheworkedandreadwithAmy.C．SheshowedRachel’spoemstoAmy. D．ShesuggestedsomeactivitiestoAmy.3．WhatdidAmyfindoutaboutRachelintheattic?A．Whoshereallyis. B．Hersecrethobby. C．Howoldsheisnow. D．Herprizewinningpoem.4．Whichisthemainlessonofthestory?A．Havingsharedinterestsisimportanttoarealfriendship.B．Workinginthegardenisthebestwaytofightloneliness.C．Parentsshouldthinktwicebeforemovingtoanewplace.D．Itisdifficultforchildrentomakefriendswithgrown-ups.【題型三】閱讀理解之說明文【典例分析】（2021·山東淄博·中考真題）Wantbetterodds?Somepeoplebelievethatfindingaheads－uppennyisgoodluck.Theodds(幾率)thatafoundpennywillbeheadsupareoneintwo.Good－luckseekers(探求者)canalsobreakawishbone.Twopeopleholdawishbone(如愿骨),makeawish,thenbreakit.Itissaidthatthepersonwhogelsthebiggerpiecewillgethisorherwish.Theoddsofgettingthebiggerpieceareoneintwo.AccordingtoIrishtradition,findingafour－leafclover(三葉草)willbringyougoodluck.Butjusthowhardisittofindone?Foreverytenthousandcloversyoulookat,theoddsarethatoneofthemwillhavefourleavesinsteadofthree.WhenIwasakid,Ioncefoundafour－leafcloverinourbackyard.Iknewthatfour－leafcloversarerare(稀有的),butIdidn’tknowhow“l(fā)ucky”IwastofindoneuntilIreadWhatAretheOdds?IfIhadknown,Imighthavebeenmorecarefulwithit.Ilostitsoonafterwards—alongwithaluckykeychainandaluckycoin.It’sfuntopretend(自稱)thatthingslikefour－leafcloverscanbringusgoodluck.ButIbelievethatwemakeourowngoodluckwithhardwork.Sometimesourhardworkleadstosuccessinwayswedon’texpect.Andoftenweare“l(fā)ucky”whensomeoneelsetakesthetimetogiveusthehelpweneed.It’sfuntofindafour－leafcloverandhopeforgoodluck.Butit’smorefunwhenweworkhardanddoourbest－andwhenwelendahelpinghandtoothers—wecanmaketruemagic.1．Theoddsoffindingafour－leafcloverare________.A．1in2 B．3in4 C．1in1,000 D．1in10,0002．Whatwasthewriter’sattitudetothefour－leafclovershefoundwhenshewasakid?A．Shetreasureditverymuch. B．Shedidn’tcareaboutitatall.C．Shedidn’ttakeittooseriously. D．Shedidn’tknowwhattodowithit.3．Howcanwegetourowngoodluckinthewriter’sopinion?A．Byworkinghard. B．Byfindingaheads－uppenny.C．Byfindingawishbone. D．Byfindingafour－leafclover.4．Thispassageisprobablywrittenfor________.A．coincollectors B．gardeners C．pupils D．Irishpeople【提分秘籍】考點(diǎn)掃描一、中考相關(guān)能力檢測內(nèi)容1.理解和把握文章的主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。2.理解和把握文章具體信息來獲取有關(guān)信息的能力，及根據(jù)上下文提供的語境推測生詞詞義、句意，進(jìn)而加深對(duì)文章的理解的能力。3.根據(jù)文章進(jìn)行簡單的數(shù)字推算和計(jì)算的能力。4.既要理解詞、短語、句子和文章的表層意思，又要理解其深層含義和抽象概念的能力。5.理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知信息進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷和預(yù)測新信息的能力。二、中考相關(guān)命題特點(diǎn)初中英語試題中的閱讀文章題材豐富(涉及政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史地理、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個(gè)方面)，體裁多樣(包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說明、表格等)。中考閱讀理解要求學(xué)生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能作出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案或作出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40—50個(gè)詞。做題技巧與策略一、瀏覽全文，把握大意。對(duì)于這類文章，先不必急于答題。而是快速瀏覽全文。弄清材料介紹或說明的對(duì)家是何物或何事。這一步可以解決試題中出現(xiàn)的主旨大意題或文章出處題。二、精讀全文，把握細(xì)節(jié)。在把握了文章的中心后，再精讀全文，看作者是從哪些方面來介紹或說明這-事物或?qū)ο蟮?。在這個(gè)步驟中，我們要弄清全文的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)。這步可以解決試題中出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。三、認(rèn)真讀題，確定關(guān)鍵。在把握全文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，我們可以認(rèn)真看題，確定試題的關(guān)鍵詞語。每一道題都會(huì)有測試的重點(diǎn)，這些測試的重點(diǎn)就是通過這些關(guān)鍵詞語體現(xiàn)出來的。四、依據(jù)關(guān)鍵，快速定位。試題中的關(guān)鍵詞語往往會(huì)在文章中出現(xiàn)，而與本題相關(guān)的答題依據(jù)往往也就出現(xiàn)在這些關(guān)鍵詞語的前后。我們可以通過這些關(guān)鍵詞語迅速地確定答案。五、基于依據(jù)，推理判斷。對(duì)于推理判斷題，我們?cè)诎盐樟讼嚓P(guān)的信息之后，就要利用好這些信息進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的推理判斷，并得出合理的結(jié)論?！咀兪窖菥殹块喿x理解之說明文第1篇（2021·山東濟(jì)寧·中考真題）Probablynothingcancomparewithaparent’swilltoprotectherchild.Let’sseehowtheseanimalsfindwaystoprotecttheirchildren.

Spermwhalesareemperorsoftheocean.Theyarealsotheworld’sbiggestbabysitters.Themothersupportsher2babynearthesurfaceinordertohelpittobreatheuntilitisstrongenoughtoswimonitsown.Whiletheyaredivingforfood,however,theiryoungmaybeunabletofollowtheirparents.

Thiscausesabigchildcareproblem.Thesolution?Ababysitter.

Olderwhaleshaveanactiverole.Theymaybeauntsorgrandmothers（whocanliveto100ormoreyearsold）andtheymayevenbemembersofotherfamilies.Theypatientlytakecareoftheyoungwhalesjustunderthesurfaceofthewater,waitingforthefeedingmotherstoreturn.

Elephantsgivenewmeaningtothephrase:takesavillagetoraiseachild.“Thebabyhasahugegroupofmothers.Thesemotherstaketurnstowatchovereachother’schildren.”Theyarecalled“allmothers”,helpingthenewbornsurvive（生存）byhelpingitsmother.Withtheirhelp,themothercangetenoughfoodandprovidemilkforherchild.Aftercarryinganearly300poundbabyfor22months,you’dprobablyneedsomerest,too!

Howfarwouldyougotoprotectyourchild?Wouldyoustarve（餓死）yourselftohelpitsurvive?

FemaleOctopusesdo.Anoctopuslaysbetween50,000and200,000eggseachtime.Then,sheseparatestheeggsintogroupsbasedontheirsize,shapeandpossibilityofsurvival.Shethenspendsthenexttwomonthsofherlifeprotectingthem.Sheissobusykeepingthemalive.Shedoesn’tevenhavetimetofeedherself-sosheoftenendsupdyingshortlyafterhereggshatch（孵化）.1．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“solution”?A．Question.B．Answer.C．Parent.D．Ocean.2．Inwhatwayistheelephant’swayofchildcaresimilartothespermwhale’s?________A．Themotherspends22monthstakingcareofherbaby.B．Othersinthecommunityhelpthemothertakecareofherbabies.C．Themothertriestogetenoughfoodandprovidemilkforherchild.D．Oldermembersofthefamilyhelpthemothertakecareofherbabies.3．Choosethecorrectorderinwhichamotheroctopuscaresforherbabies.________①Shelayshereggs.②Hereggshatch.③Shediesofhunger.④Sheseparatestheeggsintogroups.⑤Sheworkshardtokeephereggsalive.A．①②③④⑤B．④⑤①②③C．①④⑤③②D．①④⑤②③4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?________A．ThreeKindsofEndangeredAnimals.B．HowAnimalsHelpandProtectEachOther.C．AmazingWayAnimalsCareforTheirYoung.D．TheSpermwhales,theElephantsandtheOctopuses.閱讀理解之說明文第2篇（2021·四川資陽·中考真題）TheGuiyangMedicinalBotanicalGarden（中藥植物園）starteditsyearlycherry（櫻桃）flowerfestivalonMarch23.Peoplefromhomeandabroadareattracted（吸引）tothegardentoenjoytheenchantingflowers.ThefestivalrunsuntilApril8andvisitorscanbooktheticketsonline.Duringthefestival,touristscanjoininthefunbytryingtheirhand.Makingfanswithdriedflowersisoneoftheactivitiesonoffer.Visitorscanalsoguesslanternriddles（燈謎）abouttraditionalChinesemedicinalplantstowinprizesatthefestival.Bothoftheactivitieswillbeheldfrom2:30pmto4pmonMarch25,March30andApril5.Thegardenisanational3A-levelscenicareawherepeoplerushintoenjoytheplantsandflowersalltheyearround.What’smore,thegardenisalsoagoodchoiceforschooltripsandstudentscanlearnalotabouttraditionalChinesemedicinalplants.However,thegardenwassetupmainlyformedicinalplantprotectionandresearch.1．Howlongwillthefestivallast?________A．Over2weeks. B．Over3weeks. C．About4weeks. D．About5weeks.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enchanting”inParagraph1mean?________A．Famous. B．Expensive. C．Beautiful. D．Similar.3．Whatcanvisitorsdointhegardenduringthefestival?________A．Makelanterns. B．Buyfans. C．Plantflowers. D．Guessriddles.4．Whatwasthemainpurposeofsettingupthegarden?________A．Toattractforeignvisitors.B．Forstudentstohaveschooltrips.C．Toprotectmedicinalplantandresearch.D．Forpeopletoenjoytheplantsandflowers.【題型四】閱讀理解之議論文【典例分析】（2021·江蘇泰州·中考真題）Justtheotherday,IwasinabookshopandfoundabooknamedHowtomakefriendswithforeigners.AsaCanadianlivinginChinaforayear,IwascurioustoseewhatkindofadviceaChinesewritergivingonthismatter.Onepieceofadvicereallycaughtmyattentionand,Imustsay,mademefeelquiteangry.Inthewriter’sopinion,foreignersarean"opportunity(機(jī)會(huì))"toimproveyouroralEnglish;wheneveryouseeaforeigner,AmericanorEnglish,youshouldpractisespeakingEnglishwithhimorher.Iftheforeignerdoesn’twanttoansweryourquestions,thenheorsheisarudepersonwhoyouwouldn’twanttospendtimewithanyway.Ithinkthisadviceisnotonlyincorrect,butalsomayharmtherelationshipbetweenChineseandforeignersinChina.Likemostother"LaoWai"livinginChina,Iknowhowlonelyonecansometimesfeellivinginaculturedifferentfromourownfamiliar(熟悉的)ways.However,Isimplyacceptaspartofbeinghere.SofarmytimeinChinahasbeenrewarding.IhaveimprovedmyChineselanguageskills,learnedaboutoneofthefastestdevelopingcountriesintheworldtodayandmadesomeverycloseChinesefriends.However,IhavealsometmanyChinesepeoplewhoconsidermeonlyasan"opportunity"toimprovetheiroralEnglish.IhavehadpeoplefollowingmefromtowntomyflattotroublemetoteachthemEnglish.Ihavehadcompletestrangersthrowingarticlesorspeechesinmyface,insistingthatIhelpthemwiththeEnglishtranslation.Ihavehadpeopleaskingmenon-stopquestionsforhalfanhourattheweeklyEnglishCorner...Friendshipforalotofforeignersisaboutspendingtimewithsomeonewhosecompany(陪伴)theyreallyenjoy.Soifthereisanyadvicetogiveonmakingandkeepingfriendshipswithforeigners,Iwouldsaythatitisthis:Treatforeignersaspeople,notopportunities.Expecttomakefriendshipsstepbystep,overaperiodoftime,notinarush.________IfyouronlyreasonforbecomingfiendswithaforeigneristoimproveyourEnglish,thenyouwillprobablyfindthatyoudon’thaveaforeignfriendforlong.1．Whereisthewriterofthispassagefrom?A．America B．China C．Canada D．England2．Whyisthewriterofthepassageinterestedinthebook"Howtomakefriendswithforeigners"?A．BecausehewantstohavesomemorecloseChineseFriends.B．BecausehehasgreatlyimprovedhisChineselanguageskills,C．BecausenoChinesepeoplewouldliketomakefriendswithhim.D．BecausehewantstoknowabouttheChinesewriter’sadviceonthistopic.3．Accordingtothewriterofthebook"Howtomakefriendswithforeigners",________.A．hisadvicemaymakeforeignersangryB．itisrudeofyoutoaskaforeignerquestionsC．youshouldchooseagoodforeignertopractiseEnglishwithD．don’twastetimeonaforeignerwhodoesn’tansweryourquestions4．Inthefourthparagraph,thewriteruses"Ihavehad…"threetimes,because________.A．hehadnobettersentencestoexpresshisideas.B．hewantedtoshowhowhehatedtomakefriendswithChinese.C．hewantedtoshowhowhehatedtobetreatedasan“opportunity”.D．hemetChinesewhowantedtomakefriendswithhimonlythreetimes.5．Whichsentencemaybethebesttofillinthe"________"inthelastparagraph?A．Truefriendshipsstand(經(jīng)得起)thetestoftime.B．Learnaboutdifferentculturestomakerealfriends.C．Friendsareaboutopportunitiesorpersonaladvantages.D．There’srealfriendshipbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcountries.【提分秘籍】考點(diǎn)掃描近幾年隨著中考改革的不斷深入，閱讀理解題更強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)閱讀速度、知識(shí)面和理解能力的考查，試題變得越來越靈活，形式更加多樣化，內(nèi)容涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、歷史、人物、科普、新聞、廣告甚至圖表。在各類體裁中，議論文是考生較容易失分的文體，因其信息量大，選材偏離生活常識(shí)，閱讀量大。閱讀本身要求速度快，議論文中詞匯、句式又高級(jí)復(fù)雜，因此，學(xué)生在擴(kuò)大視野、拓展知識(shí)面的同時(shí)，有必要掌握一些議論文的閱讀解題技巧，這樣才能在閱讀理解這個(gè)重頭戲中多拿分。議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以我們要培養(yǎng)根據(jù).上下文猜詞的能力，根據(jù)情境猜測作者意圖的能力。議論文同其他體裁的文章-樣，可以有主旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題等幾種出題方式。做題技巧與策略一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對(duì)全文起提示、啟迪、概括歸納的作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解的是與主題相關(guān)的哪些內(nèi)容。二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對(duì)比，有根據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，再選出正確答案。三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖英語文章講究使用主題段與主題句，段與段之間通常有詞語連接，承上啟下。有時(shí)文章還會(huì)在時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測，揣摩文字背后作者的意圖，運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時(shí)認(rèn)真體會(huì)文章的語氣與感情基調(diào)?！咀兪窖菥殹块喿x理解之議論文第1篇（2021·湖北荊門·中考真題）TikTok,knownasDouyininChina,isamobileappallowinguserstocreate,shareandwatchshortvideos.Developedby:ByteDanceUsers:13+JoeThomasItseemsveryenjoyable.However,it’sdifficulttostoponceyoustartwatchingitsvideos.It’snotagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.AliceBrown

Iliketheappbecauseitallowsmetosharemydailylifeandmakene