英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

1攻克英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法、踏上英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)成功之路作為中國(guó)人，要學(xué)習(xí)與我們的母語(yǔ)完全不同的英語(yǔ)，就必須從英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法入手。如果將英語(yǔ)比作一座大廈，那么語(yǔ)法就是構(gòu)成整個(gè)大廈的水泥框架，詞匯和短語(yǔ)則是構(gòu)成墻壁的磚瓦，沒有堅(jiān)實(shí)的骨架，大廈是無(wú)法建成的。為了我們的英語(yǔ)大廈更加宏偉，讓我們從現(xiàn)在起精心構(gòu)建它的骨架。什么是語(yǔ)法？語(yǔ)法就是造句的方法。學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法就是為了我們能夠造出無(wú)數(shù)優(yōu)美、正確的英語(yǔ)句子。2.十六種時(shí)態(tài)及十種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);3.名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、4.定語(yǔ)從句;13.冠詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞等的用法。謂、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)、同、呼）1.主語(yǔ)：A.在主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者；B.在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞之前的部分；C.在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞be之后的部分。（由名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、V-ing形式和主語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)）一個(gè)淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。練習(xí)彈鋼琴每天要花費(fèi)我一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。2他昨天的所作所為令人生氣。Whathedidyesterdaymadehisparentsangry.一只黃鼠狼偷吃了我的大公雞。一個(gè)淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。我買了本新版英語(yǔ)字典。他昨天抓住了一個(gè)小偷。Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.1）根據(jù)動(dòng)詞在句中的功能，可分為四類：實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(NotionalVerb):是具有實(shí)際動(dòng)作意義的詞，可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)或加介詞后跟賓Weworkhard.系動(dòng)詞(LinkVerb):是連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)以及幫助實(shí)意動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)及疑問句、否定句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詞。有:be,am,is,are,was,were,beingThehousehasbeensoldMybikeisbeingrepairedbymyfathe助動(dòng)詞(AuxiliaryVerb):是幫助實(shí)意動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)及疑問句、否定句的詞。有:do,does,3Shedidn’tdoherhomeIhavebeenateacherforfifteenyears.Hadyoufinishedyourhomeworkwhenyourmothergothomelastevening?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ModalVerb):是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒，態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)、否定句及疑Youmustlearnitbyyourself.Shallwehaveapartythisweekend?WhocanhelpmelearnEnglish?說明：有些情況下，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞，例如:Wearehavingameeting.（having是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）2）動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ)，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動(dòng)詞(TransitiveVerb):可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞；不及物動(dòng)詞(IntransitiveVerb):加了介詞之后才能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。3.賓語(yǔ)：在主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。（由名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、V-ing形式和賓語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)）一只黃鼠狼偷吃了我的大公雞。一個(gè)淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。小紅贏了比賽。我每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。ShekeepsacutemonkeyHerefusedtohelp.4Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Hegavemeabookyesterday.ShetaughtmeEnglishforthreeyears.4.表語(yǔ)：在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，跟在系動(dòng)詞之后對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行修飾說明的部分。（由名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、V式、過去分詞和表語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)）Thepersonthatshewantstoma51）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，只有be,am,is,are,was,were,being,Wearestudents.2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,rest,remain,Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.Thismatterrestsamystery.Thevillagestandsatthefootofthehi3）表像系動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look等詞，例如：4）感官系動(dòng)詞：感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste等詞，例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.這種布手感很軟。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。5）變化系動(dòng)詞：這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become,grow,Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6）終止系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout等詞，表達(dá)"證實(shí)"，Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchproveddifficult.注意：可帶名詞作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn等。注意：turn后接的單數(shù)名詞前多不用冠詞。Thedishsmellsdelici5.定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾或限定一個(gè)名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。（由名詞、冠詞、代詞、形容詞、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞和定語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)）6一位男老師將教我們英語(yǔ)。我有很多事情要做。在事故中被壓死的狗是他的。他就是我昨天在公園見到的那個(gè)老外。Amandoctorwilltakecareofyou.mum.英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)的最大差別在于它所處的位置，漢語(yǔ)中無(wú)論是詞、短語(yǔ)或句子作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，都放在被修飾詞之前，而英語(yǔ)中，只有單個(gè)的詞或復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)才放在被修飾詞之前，其它情況全部放在被修飾詞之后。英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)種類有十余種，下面我們分類學(xué)習(xí)：1）單個(gè)的名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、V-ing、P.P.及復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞前。amandoctorawomanteacheraboystudentababygirlabeautifulgirlalovelybabyanicepresentanhonestboythreetoysfivepeopleeightelephantsnineyearsthisbookthosepensmybrotheryoursisterboilingwateranexcitinggameaswimmingpoolareadingroomthesleepingbabyadancingcattheshoutingcrowdthecryinggirlboiledwatertheexcitedaudienceadisappointedmotherawarm-heartedwelcomeacold-bloodedkillerawhite-hairedwoman2)“什么地方的什么”=the+N.+介詞短語(yǔ)thepictureonthewall墻上的畫兒架子上的書盒子里的貓thebirdsinthetree樹上的鳥theholeinthewall墻上的洞thelampovermyhead我頭頂?shù)臒魌hestudentsinourclass我們班的學(xué)生themanstandingthere站在那里的男子thedogbarkingnow正在吠叫的狗thegirlsingingonthestage正在舞臺(tái)上唱歌的女孩theboyswimmingintheriver正在河里游泳的男孩4)“正在被怎么樣的人或物”=the+N+being+P.7thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在被建的橋themeetingbeingheldnow正在被召開的會(huì)議theboybeingpunishedbyourteacher正在被我們老師懲罰的學(xué)生themeetingtobeheldtomorrowmorning明早將要被召開的會(huì)議thestudenttobesenttoAmericabyourschool將被我們學(xué)校送往美國(guó)的學(xué)生theschooltobesetupinthevillage將被建在這個(gè)村子里的學(xué)校themankilledintheaccidentlastnight昨晚在事故中被壓死的人thebridgebuiltlastyear去年被建成的橋themeetingheldyesterday昨天被召開的會(huì)議themaninablackT-shirt穿著黑色T恤的男子thegirlinaredmini-skirt穿著紅色迷你裙的女孩themaninasuit穿著西服套裝的男子themaninblack穿著黑衣的人thegirlinred穿著紅色衣服的女孩thewomaninblue穿著藍(lán)色衣服的女士theboyingreen穿著綠色衣服的男孩9)副詞做定語(yǔ)一般后置=the+N+adv.thestudentshere這里的學(xué)生themanoverthere那邊的男子passengersaboard車（船、飛機(jī)）上的乘客10)形容詞（形容詞短語(yǔ)）做后置定語(yǔ)=the+N+adj.+LA+TAaroomlagreenoughtohold100people大到能容納100人的房間abasketfulloffruits裝滿水果的籃子aboycleverenoughtospeakthreelanguages聰明到會(huì)說三種語(yǔ)言的男孩agirlofherownage和她年齡相同的女孩birdsofafeather相同羽毛的鳥thebottlesofthesameshape相同形狀的瓶子12)“有什么的人或物“=the/a+N+agirlwithlonghair長(zhǎng)發(fā)女孩aboywithbigeyes大眼睛的男孩Theteacherwho/thattaughtmeEnglishatthisschoollastyearThethiefwho/thatstolemywalletyesterdayTheN(人)+who/that+be+P.PThethiefwho/thatwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterdayThegirl(whom/that)Imetint8Theoldman(whom/that)IhelpedyesterdayThedogwhich/thatbitmeintheparkyesterdayThehorsewhich/thatranawaylastweekTheN(物)+which/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(Thedogwhich/thatwaskilledintheaccidentyesterdayThebook(which/that)IboughtyesterdayThemanwhosesonisadoctorinthishospitalTheroomwhosedoorisgreenSuchpeopleasIgottoknowinAmeSuchbooksasIboughtyesterdaySocleveraboyasalltheteacherslikeTheN(時(shí)間)+when/介詞+which+S+V+O+LA(先行詞作狀語(yǔ))Theyearwhen/inwhichIstudiedEnglishinAmericaThemuseum(which/that)IvisitedlastweekTheschool(which/thatTheN(地點(diǎn))+where/介詞+which+S+V+O+TA(先行詞作狀語(yǔ))Thefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworksThefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedlastyearThereason(which/that)hemadeupThereason(which/that)hetoldmeThereason+why/forwhich+S+V+O+LA+TA(先行詞作狀語(yǔ))Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdayThereasonwhy/forwhichIpunishedyou6.狀語(yǔ)：說明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作所處的狀態(tài)（包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、比較、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式（由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞和狀語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)）在一個(gè)寧?kù)o的夜晚，他們誓血為盟。盡管在下雨，他們繼續(xù)工作。即使你給我買票，我也不會(huì)跟你去看電影。為了練習(xí)發(fā)音，我每天都模仿VOA。9當(dāng)從山頂看時(shí)，我們學(xué)?？雌饋?lái)很漂亮。7.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))：跟在賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的句子成分。（由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞）我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。這場(chǎng)激烈的比賽令所有觀眾都很興奮。母親每天都讓我朗讀英語(yǔ)。他讓我們等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)美國(guó)民眾將再次選奧巴馬為總統(tǒng)。請(qǐng)讓我進(jìn)去。Wewillmakehimmonitor.Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthematchmadeusexcited.8.同位語(yǔ)：表示同一主體的兩個(gè)不同的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。（由名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句）我們學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。我最好的朋友小明將去美國(guó)留學(xué)。誰(shuí)下學(xué)期將教我們英語(yǔ)的問題尚未得到答復(fù)。我們隊(duì)贏了比賽的消息讓我們興奮。眾所周知英語(yǔ)變得越來(lái)越重要的事實(shí)。我們明天要考試的消息已經(jīng)公布了。我們可以怎樣進(jìn)一步合作的問題將在會(huì)議上討論。everyone.ThequestionwhowillteachusEnglishwillb英語(yǔ)的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)只有三種：1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)；2.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；3.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)又有可引申出三種：1.主謂狀結(jié)構(gòu)；2.主謂+雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)；3.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。IreadEnglishintheclassroomeveryday.Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryevening.Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.IwasinBeijinglastSunTherewasatreeintheyardtwoyearsago.Sheboughtatieformelastweek.=Sheboughtmeatielastweek.MarygaveabooktoTomyesterday.=MarygaveTomabookyesterday.WemadeTommonitoryesterday.Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.Thepainisdrivingmemad.MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheveryday.Heshotthewolfdead.下面我們學(xué)習(xí)通過在基本句型中加入定語(yǔ)、各種狀語(yǔ)等的方式來(lái)造復(fù)雜的英文句子的方法。我們將其稱為：積木式造句法。Ahandsomeboymetabeautifulgirl.AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwasdressedinaredmini-skirt.AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthatwasdressedinaredminiskirtintheparkyesterday.ThehandsomemanismyEnglishteacher.ThehandsomemanwhoisstandingtheretalkingwithmymotherismyEnglishteacherthathasbeenteachingmeathishomeforthreeyears.ThereisanEnglishbookonChinesehistory,whichwaswrittenbyafamousBritishhistorian,onthedeskthatstandsnearthewindow.積木式造句法是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中最簡(jiǎn)潔明了的造句方法，同學(xué)們一定要多加練習(xí)、熟練掌握。通過這種造句方法我們可以造出大量語(yǔ)法正確、意思清楚地句子，為我們的英語(yǔ)寫作打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。時(shí)態(tài)的概念：時(shí)態(tài)用來(lái)說明一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生地時(shí)間或多個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序及所處的狀態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)分為16種主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和10種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是以動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者作主語(yǔ)的句子；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是以動(dòng)作的承受著作主語(yǔ)的句子。下面我們分開進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)：注：加粗的10種時(shí)態(tài)具有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其余6種則沒有。P表語(yǔ)、A定語(yǔ)、MA方式狀語(yǔ)、LA地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、LV系動(dòng)詞、TA時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、OA其他狀語(yǔ)、TP時(shí)間段。1.經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；2.習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；3.客觀事實(shí)和真理。a.陳述句肯定句：表示主語(yǔ)經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣于做什么。Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryday.WereadEnglisheveryday.Wedon’tlikeplayingfootball.Tomdoesn’tspeakChinc.表示“常常，通常”always,often,sometimes,rarely,frequently,never,seldom,occasionally,usuaHeoftencomestoseeme.Wesometimesstayuplate.Myfatherisalwaysbusy.Doyouhavelunchathomeeveryday?Doessheplaythepianoatschooleveryday?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.e.選擇疑問句式：表示主語(yǔ)經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣于做A還是是做B。Doesyourfriendplayfootballorbasketball?Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?HecomesfromNorway,doesn’the?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.YoulikeEnglishbest,don’tyou?.Yourfatherdoesn’tsmoke,doeshe?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doeshe?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.g.特殊疑問句式：提問主語(yǔ)在什么時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等做什么。Whatdoessheplayatschooleveryday?Wheredoyouhaveluncheveryday?Aren’tyoubusytoday?Whydon’tyoutellhimthetruth?Whyisn’tthereabridgeovertheriver?Hebecomesusedtoloneliness.Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly.Openthedoor,please.Don’ttellyourmotherIdrankbeerjustnow,please.Gotothecinemawithmethisevening,will/won’tyou?Don’topenthedoor,Letushelpthem,willyou?a.陳述句肯定句式：表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。Theyareintelligent.b.陳述句否定句式：表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前不是什么、不怎么樣、不在哪里。Theyaren’tintheclc.一般疑問句式：提問主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里嗎。Aretheyintelligent?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.IsyourfatherateacheroradoctAreyourfriendsfromAmericaorEngland?Youareastudent,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.Iamagoodboy,aren’tI?Yes,yof.特殊疑問句式：提問主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里嗎Becarefulnexttime,please.Don’tbelateagain,please.Bemorecarefulnexttime,will/won’tyou?Don’tbeangry,willyou?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前什么地方有什么。Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.ThereisnotanywaterintheglaTherearen’tanystudYes,thereare./No,therearen’t.Arethereanyforeignstudentsinyourclass?No,therearen’t.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?2.一般過去時(shí)：1.表示主語(yǔ)過去經(jīng)常做什么或習(xí)慣于做什么；2.表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生某事；3.表示主語(yǔ)過去是什么、怎么樣、在哪里；4.表示過去什么地方有什么。①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間主語(yǔ)做過什么或某事發(fā)生過。Thehunterkilledawolfintheforestlastnight.Wedidn’tplayfootballatschoolyesterdayafternoon.Didyouseehimintheparkyesterdayafternoon?Didhetellyouthenewsthatwewillhaveathree-dayholidaynextweek?Didyourfriendsplayfootballorbasketballyesterdayafternoon?Didyougotoschoolbybusorbybikethismorning?Youplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon,didn’tyou?Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.Youdidn’tgotoschoolyeWhoplayedfootballyesterday?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?Wheredidyougolastevening?HowdidyougotoXi’anyesterday?Wasn’tthatyourgirlfriendonthebusjustnow?Weren’tyoubusyyesterday?Didn’tyouknowthatTomhadstolenyourwatch?Whywasn’tthereabridgeovertherivertwoyearsago?②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示主語(yǔ)過去是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。Hewasateacherinthisschooltwoyearsago.Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.Tomwasn’tapolicemantwoyearsago.Weweren’tathomelastevening.Shewasn’tbeautifulwhenshewasyoung.Wassheaworkertwoyearsago?Washeveryhandsomewhenhewasyoung?Wasyourfatherateacheroradoctorinthepast?WereyourfriendsinAmericaorEnglandlastyear?YouwereinXi’anyesterday,weren’tyou?Yes,Iwas./No,IwasHewasagoodboyinthepast,wYes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.Whatwashetwoyearsago?Wherewereyoulastmonth?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句式：表示過去什么地方有什么。Therewasatreeinmyyardtwoyearsago.Therewerewolvesintheforestinthepast.Therewasn’taschoolinthisvillagetenyearThereweren’tanystudentsintheclassroomjustnow.Wasthereatempleonthetopofthemountainyearsago?Weretheremonkeysintheparkinthepast?Whatwasthereinmyyardtwoyearsago?Whereweretheremonkeysinthepast?Thereweretwotreesinyourgardeninthepast,weren’tthere?Yes,therewere./No,thereweren’t.Therewasn’tanymoneyinyourpocket,wasthere?Yes,therewas./No,therewasn’t.①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示主語(yǔ)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間將要做什么。Iamgoingtovisitmyteacheratherhometomorrow.SheisgoingtostudyinAmericaWearenotgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.Areyougoingtohelpustomorrow?Isshegoingtomarryherboyfriendnextmonth?Areyougoingtoplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?AreyougoingtogotoBeijingbyplaneorbytrainnextmonth?Youaregoingtobuyadictionarythisafternoon,aren’tyou?Tomisn’tgoingtogetmarriednextmWhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?Whoisgoingtomarryhernextmonth?Weshallnothaveapartythisevening.Iwillnotgotothecinemawithherthisevening.Willtheygototheparkthisafternoon?Willyouhelpcarrythebox?Shallweplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?WillyougotoXi’anbybusorbycartomorrowmorning?Weshallcleantheclassroomafterclass,shan’twe?Yes,weshall./No,weshan’t.TomwillgotoTibettomorrow,won’the?Yes,hewill./No,shewon’t.Whowillcleantheclassroomthisafternoon?Whenwillyougotoseehim?Themeetingistostartat2:30.Theyareleaving.②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示主語(yǔ)將來(lái)將會(huì)是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。Mymotherwillbeverybusytomorrow.TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow.Mybrotherisnotgoingtobeapolicemanaftergraduation.Iwon’tbeathometomorrowmorning.Areyougoingtobeateacherinthefuture?Willyoubeathometomorrowevening?Areyougoingtobeateacherorabusinessmaninthefuture?WillyoubeinXi’anorinYanliangtomorrow?YouaregoingtobeateacheSheisnotgoingtobeanurseaftergraduation,isshe?TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow,isn’the?Youwon’tbeathometomorrowevening,willyou?WhatareyougoingtobeintheWhereisyourmothergoingtobetomorrow?Whenwillyoubeatofficetomorrow?WhywillyoubeinXi’antomorrow?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句式：表示將來(lái)什么地方將會(huì)有什么。Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchatourschooltomorrowafternoon.Therewillbeaheavyrainthisevening.Thereisn’tgoingtobeabasketballmatchatourschooltomorrow.Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisevening.Thereisgoingtobeameetingthisafternoon,isn’tthere?Therewillbeatesttomorrowmorning,won’tthere?Thereisn’tgoingtobeanexcitingmovieonTVthisevening,isthTherewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisafternoon,willthere?Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartythisevening?WilltherebeanAmericanteacheratyourschoolnextterm?Howmanyforeignteachersaretheregoingtobeinyourschoolnextyear?Howmanypeoplewilltherebeatyourpartythisevening?①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間主語(yǔ)將做某事。通常作賓語(yǔ)從Ineverthought(that)youwouldbringmeagiftformybirthday.Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.Hesaid(that)hewouldnothelpustheneSheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldtakepartinherweddingonthatSunday.Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldhaveapartythatnight.Heasked(ourheadteacher)whowouldteachusEnglishthenextterm.IneverthoughtthatIwouldbeateacherwhenIgrewup.HetoldmethathewouldbeinNewYorkthenextmonth.Hesaidthathewouldnotbeathomethenextday.Ihadthoughtthathewouldn’tbeathomewhenIwenttoseehim.Sheasked(me)whetherIwouldbeadoctoraftergraduation.Hewantedtoknowwhetherwewouldbeathomethatevening.Heasked(me)whowouldbeourEnglishteacherthenextterm.Iasked(her)whereshewouldbethat③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示從過某個(gè)時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間什么地方將會(huì)有什么。通常HetoldmethattherewouldbeafootballmatchonTVthatevening.Ineverthoughtthattherewouldbesomanypeopleatherparty.Hesaid(that)therewouldnotbeamovieonTVthatevening.Ineverthoughtthattherewouldn’tbeanyfoodinmyrefrigerator.Sheasked(me)whether/iftherewouldbeafootballmatchatourschoolthatafternoon.Hewantedtoknowwhether/iftherewouldbeastormthatevening.Heasked(me)howmanypeopletherewouldbeatourEnglishpartythatevening.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示此時(shí)此刻或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間主語(yǔ)正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)生。Theyareplayingbasketballhappilyontheplaygroundnow.MyparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.IamnotwatchingTVathomenow.TheyarenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomnow.YourparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroom,aren’tthey?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Youarenotlearninginyourstudynow,areyou/IssheplayingthepianoinherroomnoAretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomnow?Aretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundnow?AreyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomenow?WhoissinginginthenWherearetheyplayingfootballnow?Whyaren’tyousleepingnow?6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間主語(yǔ)正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)生。atthistimeyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening;IwaswatchingTVatthistimelastevening.TheywerelearningEnglishwhenIwenttoseethem.IwasnotwatchingTVathomeatnineo’clocklastevening.TheywerenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenIwenttoseethem.Yourmotherwascookingsupperwhenyougothome,weren’tshe?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.YouwerenotlearningEnglishinyourstudythen,wereyou?Yes,Iwas./No,IwasWassheplayingthepianoinherroomatthistimelastevening?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.WeretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenyougotthere?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.thismorning?Theywereplayingfootball.WereyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomewhenyourmothergothome?IwaslearningEnglishwhenmymothergothome.Whowassinginginthenextroomjustnow?Whereweretheyplayingfootballatthistimeyesterdayafternoon?Whyweren’tyousleepingattwelveo’clocklastnight?Whywasn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudyatthistimelastev7.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間主語(yǔ)將會(huì)正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)生。atthistimetomorrowmorning/afternoon/eveninI’mgoingtobelearningEnglishatthistimetomorrowmorning.Wewillbehavingapartyatthistimetomorrowevening.I’mnotgoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugustnextyear.evening.Yourmotherisgoingtobecookingsupperwhenyougethome,isYes,Iwill./No,IwoAreyougoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJunetoAugustnextyear?Willyoubeplayingbasketballatthistimetomorrowmorning?AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorJapaneseatthistimetomorrowmorning?AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomethisevening.Willtheybeplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundatnineo’clocktomorrowmorning?Whatareyougoingtobedoingatthistimetomorrowafternoon?Wherewillyoubewaitingformethisevening?Whywon’tyoubelearningEnglishatnineo’clocktomorrowmorning?Whywon’ttheybewaitingforusattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning?8.過去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間主語(yǔ)將會(huì)正在做某事或某事正在發(fā)HetoldmethathewouldbestudyinginEnglandfromMaytoJulythenextyear.Theteachersaidthatwewouldbehavingatesttomorrowmorning.Hesaid(that)hewouldnotbeplayingfootballatschoolthatafternoon.Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’tbeattendingthemeetingthatevening.Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldbehavingapartythatSaturdayevening.Hewantedtoknowwheththatevening.Heaskedwhatwewouldbedoingatthattimethenextday.Hewantedtoknowwhowouldbegivingusaspeechthenextmorning.9.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示到目前為止主語(yǔ)已經(jīng)做過某事或某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Ihavealreadyseenthemovie.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepastfewyears.Ihavenotreadthebookcarefullyyet.Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.Youhavealreadytoldhimthegoodnews,haven’tyou?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.Haveyoutoldhimthenewsyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.HasMaryfinishedherhomeworkyet?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Whathaveyoudonetomydog?Whathavehappenedinourschoolinthepastfewyears?②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示到目前為止主語(yǔ)已經(jīng)一直是什么、怎么樣、在哪里多IhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiHehasbeendeadfortwoyears.Myfatherhasbeenoutfortwohours.TomhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.Ihaven’tbeenabigbrotherformanyyears.Shehasn’tbeenwellforthreedaMyfatherhasn’tbeenhomefortwomonths.Youhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyears,haven’tyou?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.HaveyoubeeninChinafortwentyyears?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Hasyourmotherbeenanursefortwenty-fiveyears?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Whohasbeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyears?HowmanyyearshasTombeeninChina?③Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示到目前為止什么地方已經(jīng)有過什么或有什么多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinasince1978.TherehasbeenabridgeovertheriversincetheTangDynasty.Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinonemonth.Therehasn’tbeenmuchprogressinyourEnglishinthepastfewyears.Therehaven’tbeenmanybooksonthattopicsince2000.Therehasbeenanaccident,hasn'tthere?Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.Therehaven’tbeenanychangesinthiscity,havethere?Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.HastherebeenawomanpresidentinAmericanhistory?Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.HavetherebeenalotofchangesinyourcityiYes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.HowmanyUSPresidentshavetherebeeninhistory?Therehavebeen44menwhoservedasUSPresidentasof2015.Howmanymoonlandingshavetherebeeninhumanhistory?Therehavebeenfourmoonlandingsinhumanhistory.①主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示在過去某一時(shí)間之前主語(yǔ)已經(jīng)做過某事或某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymothergothome.Tomhadlearnt3000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.IhadneverseenaforeignerbeforeIleftmyhometownforuniversity.Shehadn’tcookeddinneryetwhenherhusbandgothome.Youhadalreadyseenhimbeforetheparty,hadn’tyou?Yes,Ihad./No,IhadTomhadn’tlearntChinesebeforecomingtoChina,hadhe?Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.Hadtheplaystartedwhenyougottothecinema?Hadtheyleftwhenyougottotheparty?Whathadhappenedwhenyougotthere?Whohadalreadyleftwhenwegottotheparty?②主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間之前主語(yǔ)已經(jīng)一直是什么、怎么樣、在哪里多IhadbeenateacherinthisschoolfornineyearswhenIresigned.Hehadbeenillfortwoyearsbeforehedied.HehadbeeninthecountysidefortwentyyearsbeforeheleftforShenzhen.Hehadn’tbeenwellforalongtimebeforehewassenttohospital.Hehadn’tbeenintouchwithusfortwentyyearsbeforethereunion.Shehadbeenillforfiveyearsbeforehedied,hadn’tshe?Yes,shehad./No,shehadn’t.Hadtheybeeninloveforfiveyearsbeforetheygot