語法14 形容詞、副詞（講義）

?第14講形容詞、副詞【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.熟練掌握形容詞和副詞的句法功能和分類；2.掌握形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化；3.掌握修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞和相關(guān)句式；4.掌握倍數(shù)表達(dá)法；5.掌握形容詞后綴、形容詞變副詞構(gòu)詞法6.掌握易混易錯(cuò)形容詞和副詞【考情分析】形容詞是描述人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、屬性及狀態(tài)的一種詞類，主要用來修飾名詞或代詞。對(duì)于形容詞的考查多集中在三個(gè)方面：1.形容詞的比較等級(jí)；2.形容詞詞義辨析；3.形容詞短語搭配。4.形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)?？v觀近年各地市中考題，對(duì)在語言環(huán)境中考查形容詞詞義的題目有逐步增加的趨勢。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，要在識(shí)記形容詞詞義上多下功夫，同時(shí)兼顧比較等級(jí)的各種變化形式。副詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用副詞的能力?？枷蛞恍稳菰~和副詞的句法功能和分類一、形容詞的分類分類說明性質(zhì)形容詞用于表示人或物所具有的性質(zhì)。在英語中，大量的形容詞屬于這一類別，多數(shù)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，有程度大小的區(qū)別，可以使用程度副詞修飾。funny滑稽的，lovely可愛的，healthy健康的類別形容詞用于闡明人或事物所屬的特定類別。這一類形容詞往往沒有程度大小的區(qū)別、沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，而且不使用程度副詞修飾。financial經(jīng)濟(jì)的，mental腦力的，cultural文化的顏色形容詞用于表示事物顏色的形容詞。這一類形容詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。blue藍(lán)色的，green綠色的，white白色的敘述形容詞這類形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾，大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。afraid害怕的，alone單獨(dú)的，asleep睡著的，worth值得的，ill病的分詞形容詞英語中有些表情感態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞，如excite，worry，其過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞可形容詞化，即相當(dāng)于形容詞。worried擔(dān)優(yōu)的，worrying令人擔(dān)憂的，exciting令人興奮的，excited感到興奮的復(fù)合形容詞指的是由幾個(gè)詞共同構(gòu)成并起形容詞作用的詞。three-year-old三歲的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的形容詞的句法功能成分說明例句作定語一般放在所修飾詞的前面It’sacoldandwindydaytoday.今天是個(gè)寒冷、有風(fēng)的天氣。作表語放在系動(dòng)詞的后面Helookshappytoday.他今天看上去很開心。做補(bǔ)足語作主語或賓語的補(bǔ)足語，說明主語或賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征Ithinkitimpossibleforhimtofinishtheworkbeforedark.我認(rèn)為他不可能在天黑之前完成這一工作。作狀語主要表示原因、伴隨或方式Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又餓，我只好停下來休息一下?！局R(shí)拓展】1.形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?你想喝點(diǎn)熱的東西嗎？Thereisnothingimportantinthepaper.報(bào)上沒什么重要的事情。2.表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。Thebridgeisabouttwohundredmetreslong.這座橋長約兩百米。Lastyearwebuiltabuildingthirteenstoreyshigh.去年，我們蓋了一棟十三層高的樓。3.多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的順序排列：限定詞（冠詞、數(shù)詞、代詞等）→描繪性形容詞→大、?。ㄩL、短、高、低）形容詞→形狀形容詞→年齡（新、舊）形容詞→顏色形容詞、國籍形容詞、材料形容詞、用途（類別）形容詞、名詞?！厩捎涰樋诹铩肯薅枥L大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。aChinesewritingdesk一張中式寫字桌hercharmingsmallroundpinkface她迷人的小而圓的粉紅臉蛋thosebeautifullittleoldChineseearthenvases那些漂亮小巧的中國古代花瓶二、副詞的基本用法副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話的詞類，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。?Weshouldlistentoourteacherscarefully.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講課。?Heisveryhappytoday.他今天非常高興。?＂Whathappened?＂Iasked,ratherangrily.＂發(fā)生什么事情了？＂我相當(dāng)生氣地問。?Inspring,Icanseeflowerseverywhere.在春天，我到處都能看到花。不少副詞同時(shí)也可用作介詞或其它詞類。?Haveyoureadthisbookbefore?（副詞，作時(shí)間狀語）你以前讀過這本書嗎？?Hewillarrivebeforeteno’clock.（介詞，beforeteno’clock是介詞短語，作時(shí)間狀語）他將在10點(diǎn)鐘前到達(dá)。副詞的分類副詞按詞匯意義可分為：1.時(shí)間副詞：today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still1）表示發(fā)生時(shí)間的副詞：?It’sbeginningtorainnow!現(xiàn)在開始下雨了！2）表示頻繁程度的副詞，也稱頻度副詞always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly等一般位于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。?Sheoftenchangeshermind.她常改變主意。3）還有一些其他表示時(shí)間的副詞：?Hehasjusthadanoperation.他剛動(dòng)過手術(shù)。2.地點(diǎn)副詞：here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home1）有不少表示地點(diǎn)的副詞：?Sheisstudyingabroad.她在國外留學(xué)。2）還有一些部分與介詞同形的副詞。它們與介詞同形，后跟賓語的是介詞，否則是副詞：①用作介詞：Standup!起立?、谟米鞲痹~：Acatclimbedupthetree.貓爬上了樹。3）以where構(gòu)成的副詞也是地點(diǎn)副詞：It’sthesameeverywhere.到處都一樣。3.方式副詞：well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly1）英語中有大量方式副詞，說明行為方式（回答how的問題）：?Howbeautifullyyourwifedances.你夫人舞跳得真美。2）還有相當(dāng)多的副詞，表示某些情緒：?Shesmiledgratefully.她感激的笑了笑。3）還有一些以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀況：?Heleftthetownsecretly.他悄然離開了這座城市。4.程度副詞：very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite5.頻度副詞：always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never6.疑問副詞：where,how,why7.否定副詞：no,not,neither,nor8.其他副詞：also,too,only考向二形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化一形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞末一般直接加-er和-estgreatgreatergreatest單音節(jié)詞以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r和-stbravewidebraverwiderbravestwidest閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er和-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，先變-y為-i，再加-er和-esthappyhappierhappiest多音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在前面加more和mostdifficultexpensivemoredifficultmoreexpensivemostdifficultmostexpensive少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest注意：有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：common,handsome,polite,quiet,wicked,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired和以-ow，-er結(jié)尾的詞。有些形容詞沒有程度可分，或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類形容詞有：right（正確的），wrong（錯(cuò)誤的），excellent（優(yōu)秀的），possible（可能的），empty（空的），favorite（最愛的），perfect（完美的）等。2.不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,much許多的moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距離遠(yuǎn)的farthest距離最遠(yuǎn)farfurther距離更遠(yuǎn)；程度更勝furthest距離最遠(yuǎn)；程度最深oldolder/elderoldest/eldest注意：elder不能與than連用，只能用作定語修飾名詞，僅用于同輩之間的排行，即家庭成員的長幼關(guān)系，如：eldersister（姐姐），elderbrother（哥哥）考向三修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞和相關(guān)句式一比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞（1）修飾形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)的詞有：rather，much，still，even，far，byfar（后置），alot，alittle，agreatdeal，abit,any等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.學(xué)生們甚至比以前學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.這本書比我以前讀的書有趣多了。（2）最高級(jí)可用byfar，almost，nearly，oneof及序數(shù)詞修飾，表示程度或順序。ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長的。（3）比較級(jí)+than...（比......更......）Herisesearlierthananyoneelseinhisclass.他比班里其他人都起得早。（4）less+than多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞+than...（不如......）Thisbookislessamusingthanthatone.這本書不如那本書有趣。（5）the+比較級(jí)+of（兩者中更......的）Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.他是兩個(gè)男孩中較高的。（6）the+比較級(jí)+主語+謂語，the+比較級(jí)+主語+謂語（越......就越......）Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越認(rèn)真，犯的錯(cuò)誤就越少。易混點(diǎn)：the+最高級(jí)，副詞最高級(jí)前通常不用the.OfallthemobilephonesIlikethisonebest.在所有手機(jī)中，我最喜歡這個(gè)。（7）“形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋and＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”在“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞用“形容詞/副詞-er＋and＋形容詞/副詞-er”結(jié)構(gòu)，多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞常用“moreandmore＋形容詞或副詞原級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterdaybyday.情況正在一天天好起來。It'sbecomingmoreandmoredifficulttofindarewardingjob.找一份令人滿意的工作越來越困難了。（8）否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.我從來沒有聽過比這更好聽的聲音。易混點(diǎn)：（1）類似用法的結(jié)構(gòu)：can't/couldn't...too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't...＋adj./adv.＋enough表示“無論……也不為過”。（2）英語中有些詞沒有比較級(jí)，但仍可表示比較級(jí)的意思，通常與介詞to連用，不與than共同使用，如：senior,junior,superior,inferior等。考向四倍數(shù)表達(dá)法Ais＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋BAis＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)＋as＋BAis＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞（size,length,height等）＋of＋BThe＋名詞（size,length,height等）＋of＋Ais＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋BAis＋倍數(shù)＋what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句考向五形容詞后綴、形容詞變副詞構(gòu)詞法一、名詞、動(dòng)詞加上后綴構(gòu)成形容詞后綴示例名詞+-yhealth-healthy;noise-noisy;leaf-leafy;sun-sunny;rain-rainy;snow-snowy名詞+-fulpower-powerful;peace-peaceful;beauty-beautiful;wonder-wonderful;help-helpful;faith-faithful;shame-shameful;thank-thankful名詞+-lesscare-careless;hope-hopeless;use-useless;wire-wireless名詞+-icenergy-energetic;base-basic名詞+-enwood-wooden；gold—golden;wool-woolen名詞+-al/-ialnation-national；education—educational；nature—natural名詞＋-ishfool-foolish;self-selfish;boy-boyish;child—childish名詞＋-ousdanger-dangerous;courage-courageous;fame-famous名詞＋-lyfriend-friendly;order-orderly;day-daily名詞/動(dòng)詞＋-ableadvise-advisable;comfort-comfortable;value-valuable動(dòng)詞＋-iveact-active;impress-impressive二、常用形容詞前綴前綴示例extra-超出，特別extraordinary非凡的；extra-large特大的anti-反；抗antinuclear反對(duì)使用核武的；anti-Japanesewar抗日戰(zhàn)爭un-不，非unable不能的；unhappy不快樂的in-不，非inactive不活動(dòng)的；inconvenient不方便的im-不，非impossible不可能的；impolite不禮貌的ir-不，非irregular不規(guī)則的；irresponsible無責(zé)任感的il-不，非illegal非法的；illogical不合邏輯的non-不，非nonviolent非暴力的；nonprofit非盈利的三、形容詞變副詞規(guī)則情況構(gòu)成示詞一般情況加-lyquick—quickly，brave—bravely，immediate—immediately以輔音字母＋-y結(jié)尾將y改為i再加-lyeasy—easily,happy—happily，heavy—heavily,busy—busily以-le結(jié)尾去e加-ysimple—simply，gentle—gently，terrible-terribly以元音字母＋-e結(jié)尾去e加-lytrue—truly以-ll結(jié)尾只加-yfull—fully,dull—dully以-ic結(jié)尾加-allybasic—basically，scientific—scientifically易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn):以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞friendly友好的lovely可愛的lively精力充沛的 lonely孤獨(dú)的weekly每周的daily每日的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly每年的考向六易混易錯(cuò)形容詞和副詞既可作形容詞又可作副詞且有-ly表抽象概念（有-ly）的詞情況形容詞副詞（抽象含義）deep深的Theholeisdeep.這個(gè)洞很深。深地；在深處Heworkeddeepintothenight.他工作到深夜。deeply深深地；深刻地Heisdeeplymoved.他被深深地打動(dòng)了。wide寬闊的；寬的Theriveris10meterswide.關(guān)闊地；充分地Openyoureyeswide.睜大你的眼睛。widely廣泛地Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英語在世界上被普遍應(yīng)用。high高的高；向高處Hejumpshigh.他跳的很高。highly高度地；非常Heishighlyspokenof.他被高度評(píng)價(jià)。close近的；親密的；仔細(xì)的Heismyclosefriend.他是我關(guān)系很好的朋友。挨著；接近Standclosetothedoor.站的挨著門。closely密切地Listenclosely.仔細(xì)地聽。2．有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dead完全地，全然地bedeadasleep,deadly非常bedeadlytired))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(pretty相當(dāng)beprettycertainthat...,prettily漂亮地beprettilydressed))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(late晚，遲arrivelate，comelate,lately最近；近來Ihaven'tseenhimlately.))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(hard努力地workhard,hardly幾乎不Hehashardlyeatanything.))題型歸納一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）—DoyoulikeEnglish?—Yes.ButIthinkit’s________subjectofall.A．theeasiest B．themostdifficult C．themostinteresting D．themostboring2．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測）—Guesswhat!ThefarmersmadeTian’anmenSquaremodelwithmillionsofcorns.—Wow!Therearealwaysmany________peoplearoundus!A．local B．creative C．tiny D．humorous3．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶一中?？既＃猈hydosomanypeoplelikeblindboxeslikePOPMART?—Ithinkit’sbecausepeoplewilleasilyget________aboutsomethinguncertain.A．excited B．bored C．relaxed D．worried4．（2023·重慶江北·?？既＃〢sapostmaninalonelyvillage,Mr.Zhangthinkshisjob________becausehehelpsthevillagerskeepintouchwiththeirfamilies.A．comfortable B．terrible C．valuable D．possible5．（2023·福建·校聯(lián)考三模）—Willeveryonetakepartintheconcerttonight?—I’mafraidnot.Jackwillbe________becauseheispreparingforhisspeech.A．nervous B．patient C．a(chǎn)bsent6．（2023·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考三模）—Shallwerunquicklytoescapewhenweareonfire?

—Ofcoursenot.It’ssaidtobeevenmore________todothat.A．dangerous B．delicious C．difficult7．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）Itis________ofthatmantowaitforalongtimeonsuchahotday.A．patient B．curious C．imaginative D．careful8．（2023·河北石家莊·校聯(lián)考一模）—Areyougoingtogettoairportbybus?—I’drathertakeataxi.It’s________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．thequickest D．thecheapest9．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考二模）—It’sreallyhardformetomakeachoice!—YoucanturntoMarieforhelp.She’salwaysa________thinker.A．fresh B．clear C．straight D．typical10．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）—Whatdoyouthinkoftheserviceofthisstore?—It’s________.Thewaitersarepatientwithcustomers.A．useful B．painful C．wonderful D．a(chǎn)wful11．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中學(xué)?？既＃￤eshouldn’tdependonourparentstoomuch.It’s________forustomakeourowndecision.A．important B．impossible C．impatient12．（2023·福建廈門·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Wouldyouliketogobikeridingwithustonight?—It’sworthtrying,butmymomwill________disagree.A．properly B．probably C．perfectly13．（2023·福建泉州·模擬預(yù)測）—Sir,wouldyoumindspeakingmore__________?Ican’tfollowyou.—Ofcoursenot.A．slowly B．politely C．quickly14．（2023·重慶大渡口·統(tǒng)考一模）Thewaitersoftherestauranttreatpeople________.Theyalwaysservethemwithbigsmilesontheirfaces.A．wisely B．completely C．differently D．politely15．（2023·甘肅隴南·統(tǒng)考三模）AlicewatchedTVthewholeafternoon________tokilltheboringtime.A．simply B．suddenly C．differently D．quickly16．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）Emilyisakindgirl.Sheis________readytohelppeopleinneed.A．sometimes B．never C．hardly D．a(chǎn)lways17．（2023·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考一模）Myfathergetsupearlyeverymorning,soheis________lateforwork.A．often B．nearly C．never D．a(chǎn)lways18．（2023·安徽宿州·統(tǒng)考二模）—Look!How______itrains.I’mafraidwehavetoputofftheplanofcamping.—Whatapity!Hopeitwillbesunnysoon.A．quickly B．heavily C．greatly D．directly19．（2023·安徽安慶·安慶市第二中學(xué)?？级＃㏕hememberoftheteamjoinhandswitheachother,sotheworkgoeson________.A．poorly B．carelessly C．peacefully D．smoothly20．（2023·福建福州·模擬預(yù)測）Thepriceofoilismuch________thanbefore,somanypeoplegotoworkbybusinsteadofbycar.A．high B．higher C．thehighest21．（2023·吉林長春·吉林省第二實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？级＃_______yougettoknowaboutChineseculture,________youlovethismysteriouscountry.A．Thebetter,thebetter B．Themore,themoreC．Themoreseriously,themoreseriousD．Thelonger,thelonger22．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾·統(tǒng)考三模）—Areyougoingtotheairportbybus?—I’drathertakeataxi.It’smuch________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．thequickest D．thecheapest23．（2023·重慶銅梁·重慶市巴川中學(xué)校?？级＃〩omeis_______placewhereverwego.Asweknow,“Eastorwest,homeisthebest.”A．warm B．warmer C．thewarmer D．thewarmest24．（2023·上海黃浦·統(tǒng)考三模）Countrylifeisn’talwaysas________ascitylife,villagersthink.A．peaceful B．morepeaceful C．mostpeaceful D．themostpeaceful25．（2023·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考三模）—HowdoyoulikeJason’sbooks?—Ithinktheyareinteresting.ThemoreIreadthem,________Ilikethem.A．themore B．theleast C．theless26．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測）—We’redoingalottoprotectourenvironment,butit’snotenough!—Soweshouldtry________toprotectit.A．hard B．hardly C．hardest D．harder27．（2023·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考一模）—Lucy,yourEnglishhasimprovedsomuch.Howdidyoudoit?—Nothingdifficult.The________youworkatit,themoreprogressyouwillmake.A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．morehardly28．（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考二模）—Doyouthinkrobotscandothingsas________asman?—Idon’tthinkso.A．well B．good C．better29．（2023·重慶綦江·校聯(lián)考一模）—Whowillyoumiss________ofalltheteachersaftergraduation?—Myheadteacher,MissHuang.A．more B．thebest C．themost D．themore30．（2023·江西撫州·統(tǒng)考一模）Danielaskedthetaxidrivertodrivealittle________becausehehadtocatchthelasttrain.A．quickly B．morequickly C．themostquickly D．lessquickly二、語法選擇（2023·陜西寶雞·統(tǒng)考二模）Haveyoueverwonderedwhatittakestobeanastronaut?InOctober2022,theastronautScott___31___hisfantasticexperiencesinspacewithsomekids.Scottwasacceptedintotheastronauttrainingprogram___32___1996.Thenhelearnedtoflyaspaceplane.“Iworkedreallyhardonit,”hesaidabout___33___training.Hetookpartinfourspace___34___from1999to2016.Hisfirsttaskwasarepairtrip.Onhissecondtrip,hewasthetaskleader.In2011,hefinishedhisthirdtask.He___35___tosetoffona340-daytaskbytheSpaceEngineeringOffice.Itwasafive-monthstayontheInternationalSpaceStation.Itwouldbecomeoneof___36___tripsinspace.Themainpurposewastostudy___37___afteralongspaceflight（飛行）.Scottwenttospace.Hisbrother,Mark,stayedonEarth.Thenscientistswereable___38___them.Becausetheyaretwinsandhave___39___sameDNA．There’sstillalottolearnabouttheeffectsofspaceflightsonthebody.Andthere’salwaysworktobedoneinspace.Forthosekidswhowanttobecomeastronauts,Scotthassomeadvice.“Choosesomethingthatyoulike,”hesays,“because___40___youlikeit,you’lldobetteratit.”31．A．shares B．willshare C．shared D．issharing32．A．in B．a(chǎn)t C．on D．of33．A．he B．his C．him D．himself34．A．skill B．skills C．task D．tasks35．A．chooses B．chose C．waschosen D．ischosen36．A．longer B．thelongest C．heavier D．theheaviest37．A．whatthehumanbodywouldbelike B．whatwouldthehumanbodybelikeC．howthehumanbodywouldbelike D．howwouldthehumanbodybelike38．A．invite B．toinvite C．compare D．tocompare39．A．/ B．the C．a(chǎn) D．a(chǎn)n40．A．before B．unless C．if D．though真題感悟一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Lifeislikearoad.Itisn’talways________.—Ican’tagreemore.Soweshouldlearntodealwithallkindsofdifficulties.A．smooth B．silent C．serious D．special2．（2023·遼寧阜新·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Timisanexcellentboy.Everyonelikeshim.—Yes,hisgrandparentsarevery________ofhim.A．proud B．funny C．excited D．a(chǎn)fraid3．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Didyougoonaschooltriplastweekend?—Yes.Wevisitedthesciencemuseum.Itwasreally________andallofusenjoyedourselves.A．interested B．boring C．interesting4．（2023·山東青島·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weshouldeat________fruitandvegetablestokeephealthy.A．free B．fresh C．soft D．sweet5．（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—AsfarasIknow,thehigh-speedrailwayfromShiyantoXi’anwillbefinishedsoon.—Yeah.Itwillbemore________forustotraveltoXi’an.A．dangerous B．difficult C．convenient D．traditional6．（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Jimcancarrytheheavyboxbecauseheismuch________thantheothersinhisclass.A．stronger B．thinner C．smaller D．weaker7．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）HuaHua—apandaatChengduGiantPandaBaseis________becauseofhercutelooks.A．popular B．public C．proper D．private8．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentobehave________inpublic.A．properly B．clearly C．importantly D．widely9．（2023·山東東營·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Short-formvideoscan________catchpeople’seyes.That’sonereasonwhylotsofpeoplespendhoursonDouyin.A．easily B．widely C．luckily D．seriously10．（2022·青海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）PeopleinQinghaiareworkinghard.That’swhyQinghaiisdevelopingso________.A．regularly B．rapidly C．suddenly11．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whatshouldwetakewhengoingbirdwatching?—You’dbettertakeapairofbinocularswhichwillhelpyouseemore________.A．quietly B．clearly C．politely D．seriously12．（2022·山東青島·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Tom,youhaven’tchangedatall—youstilllook__________thesame.A．especially B．exactly C．possibly D．hardly13．（2022·湖北襄陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—HaveyoueverwatchedXiangyangFlower-DrumOpera?—No,never.Perhapsitshouldbeintroduced_________toyoungpeople.A．heavily B．cheaply C．widely D．nearly14．（2022·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifyouwanttoborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary,________forgetyourIDcard.A．a(chǎn)lways B．never C．sometimes D．hardly15．（2022·遼寧阜新·中考真題）Jennyisgoingtobuyapairofglassesbecauseshecan________seethingsclearlythesedays.A．a(chǎn)lready B．hardly C．well D．a(chǎn)lmost16．（2022·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Whydoyouhardlymakemistakes?—BecauseIdoeverythingvery_______.A．carelessly B．unluckily C．carefully D．comfortably17．（2022·山東菏澤·中考真題）—Whichteacherwillyoumissmostafterjuniorhighschool,Clara?—Mr.Lee.Heisalways________withmeinmathclass.A．careful B．patient C．busy18．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Areyougoingtorideyourbiketothebeach?—Yes.It’s________ofall.A．convenient B．moreconvenient C．mostconvenient D．themostconvenient19．（2022·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Aftertakingtennisclasses,Timismuch________thanlastyear.A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．thestrongest20．（2022·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Todayismuch________thanyesterday.Nice!A．cool B．cooler C．coolest D．thecoolest21．（2022·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ithinkswimmingisoneof_______sportsinourschool．A．popular B．morepopular C．themostpopular22．（2022·廣西賀州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Andydoesn’tlikejunkfoodatall,soshe________eatsit.A．often B．sometimes C．usually D．never23．（2022·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Althoughhefailedmanytimes,he________gaveuphisdream.A．nearly B．never C．often D．a(chǎn)lways24．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Tinagetsupearlyeverymorning,sosheis________lateforschool.A．often B．a(chǎn)lways C．usually D．never25．Thesouptastes________becauseit’stoosalty.Iputsaltintoittoo________inahurry.A．terribly;carefully B．terrible;careful C．terrible;carelessly D．terribly;careless

?第14講形容詞、副詞題型歸納一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）—DoyoulikeEnglish?—Yes.ButIthinkit’s________subjectofall.A．theeasiest B．themostdifficult C．themostinteresting D．themostboring【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你喜歡英語嗎？——是的。但我認(rèn)為它是所有科目中最難的?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。theeasiest最容易的；themostdifficult最困難的；themostinteresting最有趣的；themostboring最無聊的。由“But”可知，上下句意轉(zhuǎn)折，說明雖然喜歡英語，但認(rèn)為這門學(xué)科是最難的。故選B。2．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Guesswhat!ThefarmersmadeTian’anmenSquaremodelwithmillionsofcorns.—Wow!Therearealwaysmany________peoplearoundus!A．local B．creative C．tiny D．humorous【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你猜怎么著！農(nóng)民們用數(shù)百萬個(gè)玉米做了天安門廣場的模型?！?！我們身邊總有很多有創(chuàng)意的人！考查形容詞詞義辨析。local當(dāng)?shù)氐?；creative有創(chuàng)意的；tiny極小的；humorous幽默的。根據(jù)“ThefarmersmadeTian’anmenSquaremodelwithmillionsofcorns.”可知，用玉米做天安門廣場模型的農(nóng)民們是有創(chuàng)意的人。用creative修飾限定people。故選B。3．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶一中?？既＃猈hydosomanypeoplelikeblindboxeslikePOPMART?—Ithinkit’sbecausepeoplewilleasilyget________aboutsomethinguncertain.A．excited B．bored C．relaxed D．worried【答案】A【詳解】句意：——為什么這么多人喜歡像POPMART這樣的盲盒？——我認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)槿藗兒苋菀讓?duì)不確定的東西感到興奮。考查形容詞辨析。excited興奮的；bored無聊的；relaxed放松的；worried擔(dān)憂的。根據(jù)“peoplelikeblindboxeslikePOPMART”和“somethinguncertain”可知，POPMART盲盒是不確定的東西，人們喜歡這類物品，說明人們?nèi)菀讓?duì)不確定的東西感到興奮。故選A。4．（2023·重慶江北·校考三模）Asapostmaninalonelyvillage,Mr.Zhangthinkshisjob________becausehehelpsthevillagerskeepintouchwiththeirfamilies.A．comfortable B．terrible C．valuable D．possible【答案】C【詳解】句意：作為一名偏遠(yuǎn)村莊的郵遞員，張先生認(rèn)為自己的工作很有價(jià)值，因?yàn)樗麕椭迕衽c家人保持聯(lián)系?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。comfortable舒服的；terrible糟糕的；valuable有價(jià)值的；possible可能的。根據(jù)“becausehehelpsthevillagerskeepintouchwiththeirfamilies.”可知他能幫助村民與家人保持聯(lián)系，所以他認(rèn)為他的工作很有價(jià)值。故選C。5．（2023·福建·校聯(lián)考三模）—Willeveryonetakepartintheconcerttonight?—I’mafraidnot.Jackwillbe________becauseheispreparingforhisspeech.A．nervous B．patient C．a(chǎn)bsent【答案】C【詳解】句意：——今晚的音樂會(huì)大家都會(huì)參加嗎？——恐怕不會(huì)。Jack將缺席，因?yàn)樗跍?zhǔn)備演講?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。nervous緊張的；patient耐心的；absent缺席的。根據(jù)“becauseheispreparingforhisspeech”可知，杰克不會(huì)去，所以是缺席。故選C。6．（2023·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考三模）—Shallwerunquicklytoescapewhenweareonfire?

—Ofcoursenot.It’ssaidtobeevenmore________todothat.A．dangerous B．delicious C．difficult【答案】A【詳解】句意：——當(dāng)我們著火的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該快速逃跑嗎？——當(dāng)然不。據(jù)說這樣做更危險(xiǎn)。考查形容詞辨析。dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；delicious美味的；difficult困難的。根據(jù)“Shallwerunquicklytoescapewhenweareonfire”及常識(shí)可知，著火的時(shí)候快速逃跑更危險(xiǎn)，故選A。7．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）Itis________ofthatmantowaitforalongtimeonsuchahotday.A．patient B．curious C．imaginative D．careful【答案】A【詳解】句意：那個(gè)人在這么熱的天等了很長時(shí)間，真有耐心?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。patient有耐心的；curious好奇的；imaginative有想象力的；careful小心的。根據(jù)“towaitforalongtimeonsuchahotday”可知那個(gè)人很有耐心。故選A。8．（2023·河北石家莊·校聯(lián)考一模）—Areyougoingtogettoairportbybus?—I’drathertakeataxi.It’s________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．thequickest D．thecheapest【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你要坐公共汽車去機(jī)場嗎?——我寧愿坐出租車。它更快一些?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析及比較級(jí)。quicker更快；cheaper更便宜；thequickest最快；thecheapest最便宜。根據(jù)題干可知，是“bybus”和“takeataxi”作比較，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式；又根據(jù)“I’drathertakeataxi.”可知，這里指更快一些，故選A。9．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考二模）—It’sreallyhardformetomakeachoice!—YoucanturntoMarieforhelp.She’salwaysa________thinker.A．fresh B．clear C．straight D．typical【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我真的很難做出選擇！——你可以向瑪麗求助。她總是一個(gè)思維清晰的人?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。fresh新鮮的；clear頭腦清醒的，思維敏銳的；straight直率的；typical典型的。根據(jù)“YoucanturntoMarieforhelp.She’salwaysa...thinker”可知，應(yīng)是因?yàn)楝旣愵^腦清晰，所以可以找她幫忙，故選B。10．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）—Whatdoyouthinkoftheserviceofthisstore?—It’s________.Thewaitersarepatientwithcustomers.A．useful B．painful C．wonderful D．a(chǎn)wful【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你覺得這家商店的服務(wù)怎么樣？——非常棒。服務(wù)員對(duì)顧客很有耐心。考查形容詞辨析。useful有用的；painful痛苦的；wonderful極好的；awful可怕的。根據(jù)“Thewaitersarepatientwithcustomers.”可知，這家商店的服務(wù)很好。故選C。11．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州延安中學(xué)?？既＃￤eshouldn’tdependonourparentstoomuch.It’s________forustomakeourowndecision.A．important B．impossible C．impatient【答案】A【詳解】句意：我們不應(yīng)該太多地依賴父母。對(duì)我們來說，自己做決定是非常重要的?？疾樾稳菰~。important重要的；impossible不可能的；impatient沒有耐心的。根據(jù)“Weshouldn’tdependonourparentstoomuch.”可知，我們不應(yīng)該太多依賴父母，因此自己做決定是很重要的，故選A。12．（2023·福建廈門·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Wouldyouliketogobikeridingwithustonight?—It’sworthtrying,butmymomwill________disagree.A．properly B．probably C．perfectly【答案】B【詳解】句意：——今晚你愿意和我們一起去騎自行車嗎？——值得一試，但我媽媽可能不同意?？疾楦痹~辨析。properly正確地；probably可能；perfectly完美地。結(jié)合“It’sworthtrying,butmymomwill...disagree.”和選項(xiàng)可知此處指我的媽媽可能不同意（我去騎自行車）。故選B。13．（2023·福建泉州·模擬預(yù)測）—Sir,wouldyoumindspeakingmore__________?Ican’tfollowyou.—Ofcoursenot.A．slowly B．politely C．quickly【答案】A【詳解】句意：——先生，你介意說慢一點(diǎn)嗎？我聽不太懂?！?dāng)然不?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。slowly慢地；politely禮貌地；quickly快地。根據(jù)題干“Ican’tfollowyou.”可知，說話人跟不上對(duì)方，也就是聽不太懂對(duì)方說的，按照常識(shí)應(yīng)該是說得太快，故應(yīng)希望對(duì)方說慢點(diǎn)。故選A。14．（2023·重慶大渡口·統(tǒng)考一模）Thewaitersoftherestauranttreatpeople________.Theyalwaysservethemwithbigsmilesontheirfaces.A．wisely B．completely C．differently D．politely【答案】D【詳解】句意：這家餐館的服務(wù)員禮貌待人。他們總是面帶笑容為他們服務(wù)?？疾楦痹~辨析。wisely明智地；completely完全地，徹底地；differently不同地；politely禮貌地。根據(jù)“Theyalwaysservethemwithbigsmilesontheirfaces.”可知，總是面帶笑容地為他們服務(wù)，所以應(yīng)該是很有禮貌，故選D。15．（2023·甘肅隴南·統(tǒng)考三模）AlicewatchedTVthewholeafternoon________tokilltheboringtime.A．simply B．suddenly C．differently D．quickly【答案】A【詳解】句意：愛麗絲整個(gè)下午都在看電視，只是為了打發(fā)無聊的時(shí)間。考查副詞辨析。simply僅僅；suddenly突然；differently不同地；quickly快速地。根據(jù)“AlicewatchedTVthewholeafternoon...tokilltheboringtime.”可知一下午都看電視，僅僅是為了打發(fā)時(shí)間。故選A。16．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）Emilyisakindgirl.Sheis________readytohelppeopleinneed.A．sometimes B．never C．hardly D．a(chǎn)lways【答案】D【詳解】句意：埃米莉是個(gè)善良的女孩。她總是樂于幫助有需要的人?？疾楦痹~辨析。sometimes有時(shí)；never從不；hardly幾乎不；always總是。根據(jù)“Emilyisakindgirl.”可知，埃米莉很善良，總是樂于幫助他人。故選D。17．（2023·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考一模）Myfathergetsupearlyeverymorning,soheis________lateforwork.A．often B．nearly C．never D．a(chǎn)lways【答案】C【詳解】句意：我爸爸早晨起得很早，所以他上班從來不遲到?？疾楦痹~辨析。often經(jīng)常；nearly幾乎；never從不；always總是。根據(jù)“Myfathergetsupearlyeverymorning,”可知，爸爸從不遲到。故選C。18．（2023·安徽宿州·統(tǒng)考二模）—Look!How______itrains.I’mafraidwehavetoputofftheplanofcamping.—Whatapity!Hopeitwillbesunnysoon.A．quickly B．heavily C．greatly D．directly【答案】B【詳解】句意：——看！雨下得有多大?？峙挛覀儾坏貌煌七t露營的計(jì)劃。——真遺憾！希望不久就會(huì)有晴天?？疾楦痹~辨析。quickly快速地；heavily大量地；greatly大大地；directly直接地。根據(jù)“itrains”可知表示“雨下得很大”，應(yīng)用副詞heavily修飾動(dòng)詞rains。故選B。19．（2023·安徽安慶·安慶市第二中學(xué)?？级＃㏕hememberoftheteamjoinhandswitheachother,sotheworkgoeson________.A．poorly B．carelessly C．peacefully D．smoothly【答案】D【詳解】句意：這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員攜手合作，所以工作進(jìn)行順利?？疾楦痹~辨析。poorly貧窮地；carelessly粗心地；peacefully平靜地；smoothly順利地。根據(jù)“Thememberoftheteamjoinhandswitheachother”可知，因?yàn)閳F(tuán)隊(duì)成員的齊心協(xié)力，工作進(jìn)展順利。故選D。20．（2023·福建福州·模擬預(yù)測）Thepriceofoilismuch________thanbefore,somanypeoplegotoworkbybusinsteadofbycar.A．high B．higher C．thehighest【答案】B【詳解】句意：油價(jià)比以前高多了，因此許多人乘公交上班而不開車?？疾楸容^級(jí)。根據(jù)“than”可知此處用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故選B。21．（2023·吉林長春·吉林省第二實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校校考二模）________yougettoknowaboutChineseculture,________youlovethismysteriouscountry.A．Thebetter,thebetter B．Themore,themoreC．Themoreseriously,themoreseriou D．Thelonger,thelonger【答案】B【詳解】句意：你對(duì)中國文化了解得越多，你就越愛這個(gè)神秘的國家?？疾樵~匯辨析。better更好；more更（多）；moreseriously更認(rèn)真地；moreserious更認(rèn)真；longer長久的/地。本句是the+比較級(jí)...，the+比較級(jí)...“越……就越……”句型，結(jié)合常識(shí)及選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)是了解的越多，就會(huì)越愛這個(gè)國家，其他選項(xiàng)不合語境，故選B。22．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾·統(tǒng)考三模）—Areyougoingtotheairportbybus?—I’drathertakeataxi.It’smuch________.A．quicker B．cheaper C．thequickest D．thecheapest【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你要坐公交車去機(jī)場嗎？——我寧愿坐出租車。它快多了。考查形容詞比較級(jí)和辨析。quicker更快；cheaper更便宜；thequickest最快；thecheapest最便宜。much修飾形容詞比較級(jí)，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，出租車更快。故選A。23．（2023·重慶銅梁·重慶市巴川中學(xué)校?？级＃〩omeis_______placewhereverwego.Asweknow,“Eastorwest,homeisthebest.”A．warm B．warmer C．thewarmer D．thewarmest【答案】D【詳解】句意：無論我們走到哪里，家都是最溫暖的地方。眾所周知，“金窩銀窩不如自家的狗窩”。考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。warm溫暖的，形容詞；warmer更溫暖的，比較級(jí)；thewarmer錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)；thewarmest最溫暖的，最高級(jí)。根據(jù)“whereverwego”和“Eastorwest,homeisthebest”可知家是最好的，所以此處應(yīng)使用形容詞的最高級(jí)，故選D。24．（2023·上海黃浦·統(tǒng)考三模）Countrylifeisn’talwaysas________ascitylife,villagersthink.A．peaceful B．morepeaceful C．mostpeaceful D．themostpeaceful【答案】A【詳解】句意：村民們認(rèn)為，鄉(xiāng)村生活并不總是像城市生活那樣平靜?？疾楸容^級(jí)的用法。as...as“和……一樣”，中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，故選A。25．（2023·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考三模）—HowdoyoulikeJason’sbooks?—Ithinktheyareinteresting.ThemoreIreadthem,________Ilikethem.A．themore B．theleast C．theless【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你覺得杰森的書怎么樣？——我認(rèn)為它們很有趣。我讀得越多，就越喜歡?？疾楸容^級(jí)。此處是“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”意為“越……越……”，排除B；根據(jù)“Ithinktheyareinteresting”可知，“我”認(rèn)為它們很有趣，說明讀得越多，就越喜歡。故選A。26．（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—We’redoingalottoprotectourenvironment,butit’snotenough!—Soweshouldtry________toprotectit.A．hard B．hardly C．hardest D．harder【答案】D【詳解】句意：——我們做了很多來保護(hù)環(huán)境，但是還不夠！——所以我們更應(yīng)該努力地來保護(hù)它。考查副詞的比較級(jí)。hard努力地；hardly幾乎不；hardest最努力地；harder更努力地。根據(jù)“butit’snotenough”可知，現(xiàn)在為保護(hù)環(huán)境做的事情的程度與將來要做的程度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。副詞hard修飾動(dòng)詞try，兩者比較用其比較級(jí)形式harder。故選D。27．（2023·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考一模）—Lucy,yourEnglishhasimpr