第22講 定語從句-2022年中考英語語法專項(xiàng)突破

中考英語語法全面精講第十七講、定語從句定語（...的）abeautifulgirlIlikeagirl.Thegirlisbeautiful.Ilikeagirl,andthegirlisbeautiful.【并列句】Ilikeagirlwhoisbeautiful.【定語從句】先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句1.定語從句就是一句話來修飾名詞。2.定語從句必須置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，所以被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。3.定語從句的關(guān)系詞代指先行詞在從句中所做成分。4.凡是出現(xiàn)名詞、代詞的地方就一定有定語。5.如果主句是現(xiàn)在或者將來，從句隨意。如果主句是過去，從句時(shí)態(tài)要邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)。\t"/item/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5/_blank"定語從句由\t"/item/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5/_blank"關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)，其中which,who,that稱為關(guān)系代詞,when,where,why稱為關(guān)系副詞。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：作主語作賓語指人who/thatwho/that（可省略）指物which/thatwhich/that（可省略）that(萬金油)既可以指人，又可以指物who/that指人，在從句中做主語Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballontheplaygroundarefromClassOne.【拆分】TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootballontheplayground.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.Anoldmanlosthisway.【變成定語從句】第一步：找到兩句話中的共有名詞。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.Anoldmanlosthisway.第二步：確定主從句，把從句的名詞或代詞用關(guān)系詞替換。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.wholosthisway.第三步：要把關(guān)系詞放到從句的句首。YesterdayIhelpedanoldman.wholosthisway.第四步：把關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句置于先行詞的后邊。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway..2.whom/who/that指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom/who/that)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson.Youtalkedabouttheperson.Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow.【變成定語從句】Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow.【先行詞在從句中做賓語可省略】Themanismyfriend.Youmetwho/thatjustnow.Themanismyfriend.who/thatyoumetjustnow.Themanwho/thatyoumetjustnowismyfriend..Themanyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略(1)Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)【拆分】Footballisagame.Agameislikedbymostboys(2)Thisisthepen.Heboughtthepenyesterday.【變成定語從句】Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.【注】只用that,不用which的情況：當(dāng)先行詞是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它們修飾時(shí)。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以為你做的嗎？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必須做。2）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)吃的。3)當(dāng)先行詞有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時(shí)。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的項(xiàng)鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。4)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實(shí)很著名。定語從句練習(xí)一、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.3.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.4.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.5.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.6.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.7.IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.二、翻譯句子1.不努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生是不會(huì)通過考試的。Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2.這些是我去年在北京照的照片。Thesephotoarethephotos.參考答案一．1.who/that2.(who/that)3.(who/that)4.(which/that)5.(which/that)6.(which/that)7.(that)二．1.whodon’tstudyhard2.whichItookinBeijinglastyear關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于先行詞在從句中的句法功能whenat/in/on/duringwhich表示時(shí)間的詞（組）時(shí)間狀語wherein/atwhich表示地點(diǎn)的詞（組）地點(diǎn)狀語whyforwhichreason原因狀語when、where和why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),它們在從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語。1.when分析句子成分：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.定語從句的翻譯：1）AprilFool’sDayisadaywhenpeopleplayjokesonfriends愚人節(jié)是可以和朋友開玩笑的日子。2）我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了(第一次來深圳的)那一天。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoShenZhen.when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞為time,day,morning,night,week,year,moment,period,age等，亦可用“介詞+which”替代。Eg.IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然記得第一次坐飛機(jī)旅行的時(shí)間。Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingscanbedoneoncomputer.我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦做的時(shí)代。2.where分析句子成分：IwillgotothetownwhereIwasborn.定語從句的翻譯：①ThefactorywhereIworkwillclosedown.我工作的那家工廠將倒閉。③這附近有沒有(我可以買到花的)商店？IsthereashopnearherewhereIcanbuyflowers.where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常為place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等，亦可用“介詞+which”替代。Eg.Canyoutellmethecompanywhereheworks?你能告訴我他工作的公司嗎？Keepthebooksinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.請(qǐng)把書放在容易找到的地方。3.why分析句子成分：Ireallydon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.定語從句的翻譯：①Ididn’ttellhimthereasonwhyIwasafraid.我沒告訴他我為什么害怕的原因。④(我不喜歡那家餐館的)原因是我在那丟過東西。ThereasonwhyIdon’tlikethatrestaurantisthatIoncelostsomethingthere.ThereasonwhyIdosth.isthat...notonly...butalso...ThereasonwhyIlikeEnglishisthatitcannotonlyenrichourknowledgebutalsoopenoureyes.why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason，在定語從句中作原因狀語，亦可用“介詞for+which”替代。Eg.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tjoinhisbirthdayparty?你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會(huì)的原因嗎？Sumup:關(guān)系副詞when,where和why也可用“介詞+which”來代替，要注意其先行詞(名詞）與介詞的合理搭配，介詞根據(jù)先行詞或定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞來確定。when相當(dāng)于“at/in/on/during+which”where相當(dāng)于“in/at/on+which”why相當(dāng)于“for+which”王先生工作的那家工廠是一家鞋廠。Thefactoryisashoefactory.Mr.Wangworksinthefactory.這個(gè)句子有以下三種表達(dá)方式：Thefactoryisashoefactorywhich/thatMr.Wangworksin.ThefactoryisashoefactoryinwhichMr.Wangworks.ThefactoryisashoefactorywhereMr.Wangworks.并非先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時(shí)都用when,where,why，若先行詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語，就必須用which或that。定語從句練習(xí)一、填入適合的關(guān)系詞1.Weoftenthinkofthedayswespenttogetherinthecountryside.2.Weoftenthinkofthedaysweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.3.Webelievethereasonhetoldus.4.Thereasonhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.5.TheschoolIvisitedisbeautiful.6.TheschoolIstudiedisbeautiful.翻譯句子1.這是他爸爸工作的地方。Thisistheplace.2.你能告訴我你遲到的原因么。Canyoutellmethereason.3.我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記我們在高中學(xué)習(xí)的那段時(shí)光。Iwillneverforgetthetime.參考答案一．1.which/that2.when3.which/that4.why5.which/that6.where二．1.wherehisfatherworks2.whyyouarelate3.whenwestudyinahighmiddleschool非限制性定語從句Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.限定性定語從句他將穿沒有和其他人與眾不同的衣服。Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.非限制性定語從句他將要不穿衣服，這將使他與眾不同。限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句表意與主句關(guān)系緊密，不能刪除與主句關(guān)系松散，可刪除功能修飾先行詞先行詞或整個(gè)句子形式無逗號(hào)隔開有逗號(hào)隔開，不能使用that關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句，中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個(gè)主句，在從句中作主語、動(dòng)詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。①which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如：Water，whichisaclearliquid，hasmanyuses.水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。②which指代主句中的形容詞。She