2022-2023學(xué)年浙江省高三上學(xué)期11月月考英語(yǔ)試題及答案

2022-2023學(xué)年浙江省高三上學(xué)期11月月考英語(yǔ)試題及答案考生須知：本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)。滿分為150分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatcanyoulearnfromthedialog?A.Themangotonthewoman’snerves.B.Thewomanwasprobablyadirector.C.Themanwasconfusedaboutwriting.2.Whatdoesthewomanimply?A.Themanlackedluckinhisstudies.B.Maryisbynomeansaliteralmodel.C.Successiscloselyconnectedwithefforts.3.Whydidthemanmentionthetemple?A.Toerasethewoman’sphysicalexhaustion.B.Tocalculatetheprecisedistancetocover.C.Tourgethewomantoinsistonclimbing.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthehospital.B.Inashop.C.Onthebeach.5.Whatemotionwillthewomanexpresstotheman?A.Gratitude.B.Suspicion.C.Anxiety.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthespeakersdojustnow?A.Theywatchedamovie.B.Theymadeaphonecall.C.Theyarguedwithsomeone.7.Howdidthemanfeelabouttheideaofgoingtothesnackstreet?A.Excited.B.Uninterested.C.Nervous.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemansayabouthotdeserts?A.Theyarehotallthetime.B.Theyaredangeroustolivein.C.Thetemperatureischangeable.9.Whatdodesertshaveincommon?A.Theyarelarge.B.Theyreceivelittlerain.C.Theyarecoveredwithsand.10.Whatdoweknowaboutlotsofdesertanimals?A.Theyliveingroups.B.Theyliveoffwaterinthesand.C.Theyrestduringtheday.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthemanusuallydo?A.Heexercisesatthegym.B.Hetalkstofriends.C.Heplaysgamesalot.12.Howshouldthemandoacrosswordpuzzleaccordingtothewoman?A.Twiceaday.B.Stepbystep.C.Asfastaspossible.13.Whatwasthestudyabout?A.Playinggames.B.Countingnumbers.C.Learninglanguages.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14Whatdidthewomandoforswimmingwhenshewasasmallgirl?A.Sheswam35milesperweek.B.Shetookabreakatweekends.C.Shearrivedatthepoolat6:00a.m..15.WhatdidthewomanachieveatthelastOlympics?A.Shewonsixmedals.B.Shewoneightcups.C.Shebrokealltherecords.16.Whyhasthewomangivenupswimming?A.Sheistoooldforaswimmer.B.Shecan’twinanycompetitions.C.Sheprefersvisitingothercountries.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatcanpeopledointhe"GravityChair”?A.Experiencespacewalk.B.Sleepinaspecialbed.C.Seearockettakeoff.18.Whatistheruleoftheprograms?A.Visitorsmustbuildarocket.B.Childrenunderninecan’ttakepart.CPeoplehavetoeatfreeze-driedfood.19.Whatistheticketpriceforkids?A.$325.B.$575.C.$875.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Campactivities.B.Astronauts‘slife.C.Spacetravel.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACookingwithWHOLEFOODSapictureofhealthIntegratingwholefoodsintoyourdietbymakinghealthyexchangesisaneasywaytoincreaseyourintakeofbeneficialnutrients.Seebelowforsuggestionstoaddextrawholefoodstoyourmealsandaquickguideofhowtostartusingthemasyourgo-toingredients!HealthAlmondMealmakesanutritious,gluten-free(無(wú)谷蛋白的)alternativetoregularflourinbaking.AlmondmealisanexcellentsourceoffibreandvitaminE.ALMONDMEALCANBEUSED:—Tothickensoups.—Asanutritiousadditionwhenbakingyourfavouritegluten-freecookies!—Asaflouralternativeforthosefollowingaspecificdiet.HealthChiaSeedsarerichinomega-3fattyacids.Theyareaplantbasedsourceofproteinandanexcellentsourceoffibre.CHIASEEDSCANBE:—Spreadonsalads,oatsorbreakfasts.—Usedtomakeahealthypuddingbywettingtheminyourfavouritefruitjuice,coconutmilkorcoconutwater.HealthOrganicHulledHempSeedsareanexceptionallynutritiousfood!TheyareasourceofvitaminEandrichinomega-3andomega-6fattyacids.Theyalsocontainqualityplantbasedprotein.3WAYSTOUSEHEMPSEEDS：—Spreadoveryogurt,cerealsorblendinsmoothies(冰沙).—Hempseedscanalsobeaddedtohomemadesauceandbaking.OrganicFlax-seedMealisrichinfibreandhealthyfats.TOADDFLAXSEEDMEALSTOYOURDIET:—Combinewithalmondmealandusetocoverfishormeatwithcrumbs(食物碎屑).—Addtobananabread,pancakes,orbakingtoincreaseyourintakeoffibreandomega-3essentialfattyacids.1.Ifyouareallergictoglutenandinshortofvitaminandfibre,you’dbetterchoose_____.A.Flour-basedcookiesmatedwithcrumbs.BHome-madesaucecoupledwithHempSeeds.C.Gluten-freecakescombinedwithAlmondandFlax-seedMeals.D.Multi-coloredpuddingscoatedwithnutritiousChiaSeeds.2Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeputintotheprocessofbaking?A.AlmondMeal B.ChiaSeeds C.HempSeeds D.Flax-seedMeal3.Whereistheaboveadvertisementmostprobablyfound?A.WhatDoctorsDon’tTellYou B.OriginalFoodCureDepressionC.WhereHealthMeetChemistry D.TailoredRecipeWeekly【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了杏仁粉、亞麻籽、大麻籽和奇亞籽的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，并推薦如何添加他們到食物中。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中第三行第一句“HealthAlmondMealmakesanutritious,gluten-freealternativetoregularflourinbaking.AlmondmealisanexcellentsourceoffibreandvitaminE.(健康杏仁粉是一種營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、無(wú)麩質(zhì)的烘焙面粉替代品。杏仁是纖維和維生素E的極佳來(lái)源。)”，倒數(shù)第二句“—Asanutritiousadditionwhenbakingyourfavouritegluten-freecookies!(當(dāng)烘焙你最喜歡的無(wú)麩質(zhì)餅干時(shí)，作為營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充!)”，最后一行的第一句“OrganicFlax-seedMealisrichinfibreandhealthyfats.(有機(jī)亞麻籽富含纖維和健康脂肪。)”和最后一句“Combinewithalmondmealandusetocoverfishormeatwithcrumbs.(與杏仁粉混合，用面包屑覆蓋魚(yú)或肉。)”可知，如果你對(duì)麩質(zhì)過(guò)敏，卻又缺乏維生素和纖維，那么杏仁粉（不含麩質(zhì)又富含維生素和纖維）和亞麻籽（富含纖維）可以搭配在一起。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第三行中“ALMONDMEALCANBEUSED-Asanutritiousadditionwhenbakingyourfavouritegluten-freecookies!(杏仁粉也可以當(dāng)做：烘焙你最喜歡的無(wú)麩質(zhì)餅干時(shí)，作為營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充。)”，表格第五行中“HealthOrganicHulledHempSeeds—Hempseedscanalsobeaddedtohomemadesauceandbaking.(健康有機(jī)去殼大麻種子-大麻種子也可以添加到自制的醬汁和烘焙。)，”表格第五行中“TOADDFLAXSEEDMEALSTOYOURDIET:—Addtobananabread,pancakes,orbakingtoincreaseyourintakeoffibreandomega-3essentialfattyacids.(將亞麻籽添加到你的飲食中:-添加到香蕉面包、煎餅或烘焙中，以增加纖維和-3必需脂肪酸的攝入量。)”可知，AlmondMeal、HempSeeds和Flax-seedMeal可以用于烘焙，根據(jù)表格第五行中“CHIASEEDSCANBE:—Spreadonsalads,oatsorbreakfasts.—Usedtomakeahealthypuddingbywettingtheminyourfavouritefruitjuice,coconutmilkorcoconutwater.(奇亞籽可以是:——撒在沙拉、燕麥或早餐上?！媚阕钕矚g的果汁、椰奶或椰子水把布丁弄濕，做成健康的布丁。)”可知，Chiaseeds不能被用于烘焙。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格第二行“Integratingwholefoodsintoyourdietbymakinghealthyexchangesisaneasywaytoincreaseyourintakeofbeneficialnutrients.(通過(guò)健康的改變，將天然食品融入到你的飲食中是增加有益營(yíng)養(yǎng)攝入的簡(jiǎn)單方法)”可知，這篇文章講的是通過(guò)飲食改善健康狀況，A項(xiàng)“WhatDoctorsDon’tTellYou(醫(yī)生不會(huì)告訴你的事)”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。BHecamefromsomewheresouthofRome.Ididn’tknowwhenorhowhegottoAmerica,swammaybe.ButoneeveningIfoundhimstandinginthedriveway,behindmygarage,extremelythinandunhealthy.“MynameTonyTrivionnoandImow(割)yourlawn,”hesaid.ItwashardtocomprehendhisbrokenEnglish.“Imowyourlawn,”hesaidagainandwalkedaway.Yes,theseDepressiondaysweredifficult,buthowcouldIturnedawayapersonwhohadcometomeforhelp?WhenIgothomethenextevening,thelawnhadbeenmowed,thewalkssweptunclutteredandthegardenweeded.Contentwrittenonmywife’sface,conspicuously,sheassumedIhadhiredhim.Itoldherofmyexperiencethenightbeforeandwethoughtitstrangethathehadnotaskedforreward.Thenexttwodayswerebusy,andIalmostforgotabouthim.ButonFriday,Isawhim,behindmygarageagainandbusyaround.ImanagedtoworkoutsomesmallweeklypayforhimandeachdayhecleaneduptheyardandtookcareofanylittletasksHewasveryhelpfulwhenevertherewereanyheavyobjectstoliftorthingstofixinmyfactory.“Iwanttobeanapprentice(學(xué)徒),”hesaidoneday.EvenifwehadagoodPrenticeschoolthattrainedlaborers,Idoubtedwhetherhehadtheabilitytoreadblueprintsandmicrometers(千分尺).Therefore,hetookacutinpaytobecomeanapprentice.Manyyearslater,Ifoundhiminourfamiliarmeetingspot,muchfitterthanheusedtobeandtakingonalookofconfidence.Hewasamillionairenow!TonycametoAmericaseekingtheAmericanDream.Buthedidnotfindit——hecreateditbyhimself.Tonydidn’tbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.Tony’saffairsweretiny,andallhehadwere24hoursaday.Hewastednoneofthemandsucceededfinally.4.Tony________whenhecametoAmericaforthefirsttime.A.wasingoodphysicalconditions. B.hadagoodcommandofEnglish.C.wasemployedforhisambitions. D.chargednothingforhislabor.5.Theunderlinedword“conspicuously”mostprobablymeans________.A.miraculously B.obviously C.unfortunately D.suspiciously6.Whydidtheauthormention“basement”inthelastparagraph?A.ToempathizetheinitialtoughnessTonyfaced.B.TohighlypraiseTony’spatience-demandingjob.C.TojustifythatTonydeservedhisachievement.D.ToclarifytheprocessofTony’spursuitfordreams.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTony?A.Adventurousandcaring. B.Determinedbutshort-sightedC.Diligentandambitious. D.clumsybutstrong-minded.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)名叫TonyTrivionno人，來(lái)美國(guó)找工作，尋求夢(mèng)想，從最底層做起，最后創(chuàng)業(yè)成功的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itoldherofmyexperiencethenightbeforeandwethoughtitstrangethathehadnotaskedforreward.(我前一天晚上把我的經(jīng)歷告訴了她，我們覺(jué)得奇怪的是他沒(méi)有要求報(bào)酬。)”可知，Tony初到美國(guó)時(shí)，他的勞動(dòng)不收費(fèi)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句前文“WhenIgothomethenextevening,thelawnhadbeenmowed,thewalkssweptunclutteredandthegardenweeded.(第二天晚上我回到家時(shí)，草坪已經(jīng)被修剪了，人行道打掃得很整潔，花園里也除草了。)”說(shuō)明Tony已給作者家里做了許多工作，根據(jù)劃線詞句后半部分“sheassumedIhadhiredhim(她以為我雇了他)”可知，很明顯，妻子認(rèn)為作者雇了Tony。從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“Contentwrittenonmywife’sface,conspicuously,(表情，就寫(xiě)在我妻子臉上，conspicuously,)”其中劃線詞匯意思應(yīng)為“明顯地”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段中“TonycametoAmericaseekingtheAmericanDream.Buthedidnotfindit——hecreateditbyhimself.Tonydidn’tbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.(Tony來(lái)到美國(guó)尋求美國(guó)夢(mèng)。但他沒(méi)有找到——而是自己創(chuàng)造的。Tony不是從梯子的最底層開(kāi)始的。他是從地下室開(kāi)始。)”，結(jié)合前文所提到的Tony初到美國(guó)，勞動(dòng)都不要報(bào)酬可知，作者之所以提到“地下室”是因?yàn)樽髡咄門(mén)ony最初面對(duì)的困難。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)最后一段中“Tonydidn’tbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.Tony’saffairsweretiny,andallhehadwere24hoursaday.Hewastednoneofthemandsucceededfinally.(Tony不是從梯子的最底層開(kāi)始的。他從是地下室開(kāi)始。Tony的事務(wù)很小，每天只有24小時(shí)。他一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)，最后成功了。)”可知，Tony是個(gè)勤奮上進(jìn)的人。故選C項(xiàng)。CDuringthemostisolatingworldwidepandemicinacentury,it’stimetotakeacloserlookatwhatmayresultinloneliness.Asagroup,humansdevelopbeingaroundothers,buthowmuchandwhatkindofcontacteachpersonneedstofeelpartofacommunityvariesamongindividualsaswellasoveroneperson’sstageoflife.“Acommonbeliefisthattheloneliestpeoplearethosewhoarealone;actually,it’simportanttoseparatethetwo,”saidDr.Perissinotto,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Kidswiththeirfamiliescanbelonelybecausetheycan’tseethefriendsatschool;peoplewhoarenotphysicallyisolatedcanfeellonelybecausethecommunitydoesn’twelcomethemin;andolderadultscanexperiencelonelinessthroughretirementordeathofalovedone.”Whatleadstolonelinessismuchdeeperthanbeingalone.Withthepandemicexacerbatinglonelinessissues,anincreasingnumberofhealthprofessionalsareconcernedaboutthementalandphysicalhealthrisksassociatedwiththefeeling—likedepressionandearlydeath,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.That’swhy,expertssay,it’salsotimetolookmorecloselyatwhatwecandoaboutloneliness.“Whenitcomestofightingloneliness,thekeyisnotlookingatcircumstancesandassumingwhatfeelingsshouldbeassociatedwithit,butactuallyaskingyourselfifyouarelonely,”P(pán)erissinottosaid.“Ifyoursolitude(獨(dú)處)isachoiceandyouhavepeoplewhocansupportyouifyouneedhelp,thereisnosayingyoucan’tliveahappylife.”Andjustassolitudedoesn’tnecessarilyequalloneliness,interactiondoesn’tmeanfulfilmentforeveryone,accordingtoHawkley,aprincipalresearchscientistattheUniversityofChicago.“Peoplecanbearoundothersandfeellonelyanywayortheycanbeprettymuchsinglesoulsandnotbelonely,”Hawkleypointedout.Hawkleydividesconnectionsintothreeprimarytypesandholdsthatlonelinesscanstemfromthesensingofalackofanyofthem.“Thefirsttypehappenswhensomeonelikeaspouseissoclosetoyouthatpartofyouridentitybecomescloselyconnectedwithhisorhers.Thenthereisthesecondtype,whichyouestablishwithyourclosefriends,aswellasthethirdtype—thoseinteractionsthatmakeyoufeelpartofacommunity.”Itissuggestedthatoneidentifywhatkindoflossofconnectionhislonelinessiscomingfromandthenevaluatethequalityofhisvariousrelationships.Identifyingthekindofconnectionthatoneislongingforandthequalityoftherelationshipshealreadyhasareimportantfirststeps,butwhereonegoesfromtheredependsentirelyonhisspecificcontext.8.Accordingtothepassage,Perissinottoprobablyagreesthat________.A.peoplelivingonanisolatedislandtendtobemorelonely.B.askingsomeoneifhe’slonelydoesn’thelpfightloneliness.C.thosechoosingtobealonedonotnecessarilyfeelupset.D.someonewithoutcommunityadmissionfeelspowerless.9.Theunderlinedwordexacerbatinginparagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.worsening B.ascending C.confusing D.alleviating10.Whatcanweconcludefromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Therearenoobviousconnectionsamongthreedifferenttypesofloneliness.B.Hawkleyholdsthatpeoplelackingoneofthethreeconnectionsfeellonely.C.Recognizingone’smissingconnectionishelpfulindealingwithloneliness.D.Thequalityofone’srelationshipsisnotsoimportantashisspecificcontext.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthelonelinessissue?A.Skeptical B.Concerned C.Appreciative D.Contradictory【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了在疫情期間對(duì)于孤獨(dú)的研究的重要性，并介紹了研究結(jié)果，提出了應(yīng)對(duì)建議?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Perissinotto所說(shuō)“Ifyoursolitude(獨(dú)處)isachoiceandyouhavepeoplewhocansupportyouifyouneedhelp,thereisnosayingyoucan’tliveahappylife.(如果你選擇獨(dú)處，當(dāng)你需要幫助的時(shí)候有人會(huì)支持你，沒(méi)有人說(shuō)你就不能過(guò)上快樂(lè)的生活。)”可知，Perissinotto認(rèn)為選擇獨(dú)處的人不一定會(huì)感到不快樂(lè)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句后半部分“anincreasingnumberofhealthprofessionalsareconcernedaboutthementalandphysicalhealthrisksassociatedwiththefeeling—likedepressionandearlydeath,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心稱，越來(lái)越多的衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員開(kāi)始關(guān)注與抑郁和早逝相關(guān)的心理和身體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”說(shuō)明關(guān)注孤獨(dú)造成的身心健康問(wèn)題的專業(yè)人員越來(lái)越多，孤獨(dú)問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重了，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€部分“Withthepandemicexacerbatinglonelinessissues(隨著疫情exacerbating孤獨(dú)問(wèn)題)”其中劃線詞匯應(yīng)為“使更嚴(yán)重”的意思，選項(xiàng)A“使變得更糟糕”與之意義最為接近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Hawkleydividesconnectionsintothreeprimarytypesandholdsthatlonelinesscanstemfromthesensingofalackofanyofthem.(Hawkley將聯(lián)系分為三種主要類型，并認(rèn)為孤獨(dú)可能源于感覺(jué)缺少某種聯(lián)系。)”以及最后一段中“Itissuggestedthatoneidentifywhatkindoflossofconnectionhislonelinessiscomingfromandthenevaluatethequalityofhisvariousrelationships.(建議一個(gè)人確定他的孤獨(dú)來(lái)自于什么樣的聯(lián)系缺失，然后評(píng)估他的各種關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。)”等可知，認(rèn)識(shí)到自己缺失的聯(lián)系有助于應(yīng)對(duì)孤獨(dú)。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Duringthemostisolatingworldwidepandemicinacentury,it’stimetotakeacloserlookatwhatmayresultinloneliness.(在這個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)導(dǎo)致獨(dú)處的全球疫情大流行期間，是時(shí)候仔細(xì)研究一下孤獨(dú)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么了。)”以及最后一段中“Itissuggestedthatoneidentifywhatkindoflossofconnectionhislonelinessiscomingfromandthenevaluatethequalityofhisvariousrelationships.(建議一個(gè)人確定他的孤獨(dú)來(lái)自于什么樣的聯(lián)系缺失，然后評(píng)估他的各種關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。)”可知，本文強(qiáng)調(diào)了在疫情期間對(duì)孤獨(dú)的研究的重要性，并介紹了研究結(jié)果，提出了應(yīng)對(duì)建議。從而推知，作者對(duì)孤獨(dú)問(wèn)題是關(guān)心的。故選B項(xiàng)。DSearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingmuchmorethantechnologyitself.Theyarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.Wegner’slateststudyshowsthatwhenpeoplehaveaccesstosearchengines,theyrememberfewerfactsandlessinformationbecausetheyknowtheycanrelyon“search”asareadilyavailableshortcut.WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememorysource,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.Youdon’thavetoremembereverythingintheworldyourself.Youjusthavetorememberwhoknowsit.Nowcomputersandtechnologyarebecomingvirtualextensionsofourmemory.Wegnerconductedseveralexperimentstodemonstratethephenomenon,usingvariousformsofmemoryrecalltotestrelianceoncomputers.Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.Wegneradmitsthatquestionsremainaboutwhetherdependenceoncomputerswillaffectmemoriesnegatively:“Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”Studentswhohavetroublerememberingdistinctfacts,forexample,maystruggletoemploythosefactsincriticalthinking.Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhandorotherprostheticdevice.Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”Hebelieveshisstudywillleadtofurtherresearchintounderstandingcomputerdependence,andlooksforwardtotracingtheextentofhumaninterdependencewiththecomputerworld—pinpointingthe“movabledividinglinebetweenusandourcomputersincybernetworks.”12.Theexampleofrememberingarelative’sbirthdayinthesecondparagraphisusedto________.A.showcasethatpeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedtendtohavesharedmemoriesB.demonstratehowpeopleinitiallydevelopedexternalsourcesofmemoryC.illustratetheconceptofatransactivememorysourceusingafamiliarsituationD.emphasizetheeffectivenessandaccuracyoftransactivememorysources13.Fromtheexperiment,whenaskedtoprovidefactsthatarenotfamiliartothem,peopletendto________.AthinkofspecificinformationsourcesB.typeintocomputerandrememberthemC.recallthemfromtheirdeepmemoriesD.linktheunfamiliarfactstotheirexperiences14.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Computerdependenceaffectsourthinkingcapacitiesinotherdistinctfields.B.Relianceoncomputersdoesnotnecessarilyreducehumanmemory.C.Computershavehelpedpeopletounderstandthememorysystembetter.D.Researchesshouldbedonetorevealthesideeffectofcomputerdependence.15.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitle?A.Wegner’sResearchHasPinpointedTheDividingLineB.HeavyRelianceOnComputerForStoringMoreInformationC.Human’sMemoryCapabilityBecomingInevitablyWeakerD.TechnologicalNetworksReshapingOurBrainFunctions【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)和技術(shù)正在重塑我們大腦的功能，并說(shuō)明了研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程及意義。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememorysource,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.(韋格納認(rèn)為，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為交互式記憶源的一部分，這是我們大腦劃分信息的一種方法。交互記憶有多種形式，比如丈夫依靠妻子記住親戚的生日)”可知，記住一個(gè)親戚生日的例子是用一個(gè)熟悉的情況來(lái)說(shuō)明交互記憶源的概念。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.(在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，參與者在被問(wèn)及一系列復(fù)雜的瑣事問(wèn)題后，他們更有可能想到“雅虎”或“谷歌”等計(jì)算機(jī)術(shù)語(yǔ)。在另一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，參與者在電腦中輸入一些語(yǔ)句，并被告知這些語(yǔ)句將被保存在特定的文件夾中。接下來(lái)，他們被要求回憶這些陳述。最后，研究人員給他們提示，并要求他們說(shuō)出存放這些語(yǔ)句的文件夾名稱。事實(shí)證明，參與者能夠更好地回憶文件夾位置，而不是語(yǔ)句本身。)”可知，從實(shí)驗(yàn)中我們知道，當(dāng)被要求提供他們不熟悉的事實(shí)時(shí)，人們傾向于想到特定的信息源。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”Hebelieveshisstudywillleadtofurtherresearchintounderstandingcomputerdependence,andlooksforwardtotracingtheextentofhumaninterdependencewiththecomputerworld—pinpointingthe“movabledividinglinebetweenusandourcomputersincybernetworks.”(韋格納解釋道：“我們?nèi)匀恍枰涀∫恍┦虑?。”“我們只是記住了不同范圍的事情?！彼嘈潘难芯繉?dǎo)致對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)依賴性的進(jìn)一步研究，并期待追蹤人類與計(jì)算機(jī)世界的相互依賴程度——確定“在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中我們與計(jì)算機(jī)之間的可移動(dòng)分界線”。)”可推知，對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的依賴并不一定會(huì)減少人類的記憶。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“SearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingmuchmorethantechnologyitself.Theyarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.(搜索引擎已經(jīng)改變了我們使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式，只需點(diǎn)擊幾下就能獲得大量的信息。但哈佛大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授萊恩·丹尼爾·韋格納最近的研究證明，網(wǎng)站和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在發(fā)生的變化遠(yuǎn)不止技術(shù)本身。它們正在改變我們記憶的運(yùn)作方式)”，再結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了計(jì)算機(jī)和技術(shù)正在重塑我們大腦的功能，并說(shuō)明了研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程及意義，故D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)重塑我們的大腦功能”符合文章大意，適合做標(biāo)題，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分;滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Adolescenceisacrucialperiodwhenthesubjectexperiencesaprocessofgrowth,thedevelopmentofhisownpersonality,andthediscoveryofhimself.____16____Theyareoftenupsetwhentheirchildrenpraisethehomesoftheirfriendsandregarditasaslurontheirowncooking,orcleaning,orfurniture,andoftenarefoolishenoughtolettheadolescentsseetheyareannoyed.____17____Suchalossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehaviouronthepartoftheadultsdeeplyshockstheadolescents,andmakesthemresolvethatinfuturetheywillnottalktotheirparentsaboutanythingprivate.Disillusionment(幻滅感)withtheparents,howevergoodandadequatetheymaybebothasparentsandasindividuals,istosomedegreeinevitable.Mostchildrenhavesuchahighidealoftheirparents,unlesstheparentsthemselveshavebeenunsatisfactory,___18___Parentswouldbegreatlysurprisedanddeeplytouchediftheyrealizedhowmuchbelieftheirchildrenusuallyhaveintheircharacterandinfallibility(一貫正確),andhowmuchthisfaithmeanstoachild.Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthat___19___,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.Victorianparentsbelievedthattheykepttheirdignitybyretreatingbehindanunreasoningauthoritarian(專制的)attitude;infacttheydidnothingofthekind,butchildrenwerethentoocowedtoletthemknowhowtheyreallyfeltwhile___20___,butonthewholethisisahealthierattitudebothforthechildandtheparent.Itisalwayswiserandsafertofaceuptoreality,howeverpainfulitmaybeatthemoment.A.incontemporarysocietieswetendtogototheotherextreme.B.Theymayevenaccusethemofdisloyaltyormakesomespitefulremarks.C.whichalmosteliminatedthedisillusionmentviasinceretalks.D.Buthowdoparentsfeelabouttheirkids’independenceshownout?E.adolescentscametotermswiththeirunreasoningdemands.F.thatitcanhardlystanduptoarealisticevaluation.G.thechildwasdevelopingvaluablepowersofobservationandjudgment.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要敘述了孩子在青春發(fā)育過(guò)程中的變化及其實(shí)質(zhì)，父母和孩子之間出現(xiàn)的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題和應(yīng)對(duì)措施，并指出處理不當(dāng)可能帶來(lái)的危害和不良后果?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Adolescenceisacrucialperiodwhenthesubjectexperiencesaprocessofgrowth,thedevelopmentofhisownpersonality,andthediscoveryofhimself.(青春期是主體成長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展自身個(gè)性、發(fā)現(xiàn)自我的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期)”結(jié)合下文描述父母對(duì)待孩子青春期的表現(xiàn)，推知空處應(yīng)引出話題。D選項(xiàng)“但是父母如何看待孩子表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的獨(dú)立性?”符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theyareoftenupsetwhentheirchildrenpraisethehomesoftheirfriendsandregarditasaslurontheirowncooking,orcleaning,orfurniture,andoftenarefoolishenoughtolettheadolescentsseetheyareannoyed.(當(dāng)他們的孩子稱贊他們朋友的家時(shí)，他們常常感到不安，認(rèn)為這是在詆毀他們自己的烹飪、清潔或家具，而且常常愚蠢地讓孩子看到他們的煩惱)”和下文“Suchalossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehaviouronthepartoftheadultsdeeplyshockstheadolescents,andmakesthemresolvethatinfuturetheywillnottalktotheirparentsaboutanythingprivate.(大人的這種喪失尊嚴(yán)和孩子氣的行為使青少年深感震驚，并使他們下定決心以后不再和父母談?wù)撊魏嗡绞?”可知，上下文都陳述了父母不適當(dāng)?shù)姆从场Ｓ纱送浦?，空處話題和上下文一致。B選項(xiàng)“他們甚至?xí)肛?zé)他們不忠或說(shuō)一些惡意的話”符合文意，even表明和上文的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，下文的“Suchalossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehaviour”指代空處內(nèi)容。故選B。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mostchildrenhavesuchahighidealoftheirparents,unlesstheparentsthemselveshavebeenunsatisfactory,(大多數(shù)孩子對(duì)父母的理想如此高，除非父母本身不令人滿意)”推知，下文應(yīng)陳述這種高期待帶來(lái)的后果，并且構(gòu)成such...that...固定句型，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“以至于它幾乎經(jīng)不起現(xiàn)實(shí)的評(píng)估”符合語(yǔ)境，緊密承接上文，故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthat(如果父母對(duì)青少年的這種反應(yīng)有所準(zhǔn)備，并意識(shí)到這是一種跡象)”可知，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)sign進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，因此空處是對(duì)sign的解釋；結(jié)合下文“theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.(他們就不會(huì)受到如此大的傷害，因此也就不會(huì)因?yàn)樵购藓涂咕芏押⒆油葡驅(qū)α⒚?”推知，這種跡象就是孩子們正在發(fā)展觀察和判斷能力。而正是這些觀察和判斷力讓父母對(duì)孩子產(chǎn)生怨恨和抗拒。G選項(xiàng)“孩子正在發(fā)展有價(jià)值的觀察和判斷能力”符合題意，是對(duì)sign的解釋。故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Victorianparentsbelievedthattheykepttheirdignitybyretreatingbehindanunreasoningauthoritarian(專制的)attitude;infacttheydidnothingofthekind,butchildrenwerethentoocowedtoletthemknowhowtheyreallyfelt(維多利亞時(shí)代的父母認(rèn)為，他們靠一種毫無(wú)道理的權(quán)威態(tài)度來(lái)維護(hù)自己的尊嚴(yán)；事實(shí)上，他們什么也沒(méi)做，但孩子們被嚇得不敢讓父母知道自己的真實(shí)感受)”和while可知，前后形成對(duì)比。A選項(xiàng)“在當(dāng)代社會(huì)，我們傾向于走向另一個(gè)極端”符合上下文兩個(gè)時(shí)期的對(duì)比關(guān)系，符合文意，故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用