2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)課時(shí)作業(yè)20UNIT3SPORTSANDFITNESSReadingforWriting含解析新人教版必修第一冊(cè)

UNIT3SPORTSANDFITNESSⅠ.閱讀理解Smokingisharmful.Butassoonasyouquitthehabit,everythingwillbeOK,right?Wrong.Newresearchhasfoundthatevenifyougiveupsmoking,thedamageithasdonetoyourgeneswillstaythereforamuchlongertime.Intheresearch,ateamofUSscientistsstudiedthebloodof16,000people.Amongthem,someweresmokers,someusedtosmoke,andtherestwerenon-smokers.Scientistscomparedtheirgenesandfoundthatmorethan7,000genesofsmokershadchanged—anumberthatisone-thirdofknownhumangenes.AccordingtoNBCNews,bothheartdiseaseandcancerarecausedbygeneticchanges.Somepeoplemayhavehadthechangeswhentheywereborn,butmostpeoplegetthemintheirday-to-dayliveswhiledoingthingslikesmoking.Whenyoustopsmoking,alotofthesegeneswillreturntonormalwithinfiveyears.Thismeansyourbodyistryingtoheal(治愈)itselfoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.Butthechangesinsomeofthegenesstayforlonger.Theycanstayforaslongas30years,It'salmostlikeleavingafootprintonwetcement(水泥)—itwillalwaysbethere,evenwhenyou'vewalkedawayandwhenthecementbecomesdry.Althoughthestudyresultsmaymakepeopleunhappy,thereisabrightside:thefindingscouldhelpscientistsinventmedicinetotreatgeneticdamagecausedbysmokingorfindwaystotellwhichpeoplehaveheartdiseaseorcancerrisks.抽煙有害健康，停止抽煙就會(huì)一切好起來(lái)嗎？文章給出了科學(xué)的證據(jù)陳述這是一種錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)。1．ThefunctionofParagraph1isto.A．introducethetopicofthepassageB．giveanexampleC．makeanargumentD．showthemainideaofthepassage答案：A解析：寫作目的題。通讀文章可知，第一段通過(guò)提出問(wèn)題，下文詳細(xì)闡述，故第一段的作用是介紹本文的話題。故選A。2．Mostgeneticchangeshappenbecauseof.A．people'sconditionatbirth B．environmentalpollutionC．people'sbadlivinghabit D．heartdiseaseandcancer答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中其次段中的Somepeoplemayhavehadthechangeswhentheywereborn,butmostpeoplegetthemintheirday-to-dayliveswhiledoingthingslikesmoking.一些人可能誕生時(shí)就有了這些基因的變更，但是大部分人是在日常生活中做類似抽煙的事時(shí)發(fā)生了基因的變更。故大部分人基因的變更發(fā)生在日常的壞習(xí)慣中，故選C。3．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5refersto.A．thefootprint B．thecementC．theharmfuleffect D．thegeneticchange答案：A解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫線單詞it所在的句子itwillalwaysbethere,evenwhenyou'vewalkedawayandwhenthecementbecomesdry.它總是在那里，甚至當(dāng)你走開，當(dāng)水泥變干時(shí)?？芍@里的it指的是上文的腳印。故選A。4．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thefindingsarethefruitofmorethanthreeyears'research.B．Thefindingshavepreventedmorepeoplefromstartingsmoking.C．Thefindingsofferevidencethatadamagedgenecanhealitself.D．Thefindingshelptofindcuresforgeneticdamagecausedbysmoking.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一句thefindingscouldhelpscientistsinventmedicinetotreatgeneticdamagecausedbysmokingorfindwaystotellwhichpeoplehaveheartdiseaseorcancerrisks.這些發(fā)覺可以幫助科學(xué)家獨(dú)創(chuàng)藥物來(lái)治療由抽煙造成的基因破壞，或者找到方法來(lái)辨別哪些人有患心臟病或者癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍鸢窪正確。Ⅱ.七選五Keepingthememoryinshapeisimportantatanyage，butitrequiresabitmoreworkaswegrow.Therearesomesimpleactivitiesthatcanimproveyourmemory.1Awakenyoursenses.Useyoursensestohelpyourmemorystore(儲(chǔ)存)neededinformation.2Youcanaskyourselflikethis:Istheskyalightblueordeeppurple?Themoreinvolved(參加的)youcanbeintheinformation,theeasieritisforyourbraintostoreit.Useimaginationandrelation.Tryingtoremembernames?Let'ssayyoumeetamannamedFrankParker.3TiethetwotogetherbypicturingFrankdressedupinahotdogcostume(服裝)parkinghiscarintheparkinglot.NoweachtimeyouseeFrank，youshouldeasilyrecallhisname.Breathedeeplyandrelax.4Relax,breathedeeplyandslowlyandletyourmindeaseupforaminute.Beingrelaxedmakesiteasierforinformationtobebothstoredandremembered.5Whenyoucomeuponsomethingyouneedtoremember,saytoyourself，“Hey,payattentionandrememberthis！”Youaregivingyourselfawake-upcallaswellasgivingyourmindamarkerthatitcanusetohelpinstoringthenewinformation.A．Giveyourselfanorder.B．Getagoodnight'ssleep.C．Herearefourofthemtogetyoustarted.D．PictureahotdogforFrankandacarforParker.E．Forexample,notethecolorsofapictureyouwanttoremember.F．Whenwetryhardtoremembersomethingweoftenbecomenervous.G．Thewayyouliveinfluencesnotonlyyourphysicalhealthbutalsoyourmemory.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。保持記憶力在任何年齡都很重要，但隨著我們的成長(zhǎng)，這須要更多的努力。有一些簡(jiǎn)潔的活動(dòng)可以提高你的記憶力。文章介紹了四種方法可以幫助你起先。1．C解析：上文提示“有一些簡(jiǎn)潔的活動(dòng)可以提高你的記憶力?！痹僖罁?jù)下文供應(yīng)的四個(gè)方法，承接上下文，C項(xiàng)Herearefourofthemtogetyoustarted.(這里有四種方法可以幫助你起先)切題，故選C。2．E解析：上文提示“用你的感官來(lái)幫助記憶儲(chǔ)存須要的信息?！背薪由衔模珽項(xiàng)Forexample,notethecolorsofapictureyouwanttoremember.(例如，留意你想記住的圖片的顏色。)切題，故選E。3．D解析：上文提示“試著記住名字？假設(shè)你遇到一個(gè)叫弗蘭克·帕克的人。”下文提示“想象一下，F(xiàn)rank穿著熱狗裝，把車停在停車場(chǎng)里?！背薪由舷挛模珼項(xiàng)PictureahotdogforFrankandacarforParker.(想象一個(gè)熱狗給弗蘭克，一輛車給帕克)切題。故選D。4．F解析：下文提示“放松，漸漸深呼吸，讓你的大腦放松一分鐘。”承接下文，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Whenwetryhardtoremembersomethingweoftenbecomenervous.(當(dāng)我們努力記住某事時(shí)，我們常常會(huì)變得驚慌)切題。該項(xiàng)中的nervous與relax,breathe相吻合。故選F。5．A解析：此空是小標(biāo)題，應(yīng)當(dāng)用短小精悍的祈使句，在A/B中選。依據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“當(dāng)你遇到須要記住的事情時(shí)，對(duì)自己說(shuō)，“嘿，留意，記住這個(gè)！”由此推知，A項(xiàng)Giveyourselfanorder.(給你自己一個(gè)吩咐)切題。故選A。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。OnWednesdaynight,itwastheclosingtimeofthemall.Buttherewasanhour'swork,atleast,togeteverythingcleanedup.Itwouldbe11：00pmbeforeIfinallygothome.Ihadn'tevenhadtimetohavedinner.Iwasstarving.Myfeetached.Mywholebodywasfilledwithtiredness.Icouldn'twaittogotobed.Butitwouldbeonly6hoursbeforethealarmwentoffat5：00amformydayjob.Thingshadbeentightforoverayearnow.MyhusbandPaul'sbusinesshadtakenahugehit.Ihaveafull-timejobatadaycarecenterandsomehowdomyhomeworkformycollegeclasstoo.ThenIhadtoworknightsatthemall.Withoutmetakingmysecondjob,therewouldn'tbeenoughmoneytopaythebills.LetalonebuyanyChristmaspresentsforour15-year-olddaughter,Marie.NoonewantedtowakeuponChristmasmorningtoanemptytree.IbarelyevensawPaulandMarieanymore.Mariewasgrowingup,butateenagegirlstillneedshermom.Iworriedabouther,aboutus.Wassheeatingenough?Keepingupwithherschoolwork?Iwasn'tafraidofsacrifices.Everyonewashavingtoworkhardforthefamily.IknewIwasblessedtohavetwojobs,whenmillionsofpeoplecouldn'tfindone.HowIhopedtoquitmyjobatthedaycarecenterandobtainafull-timedegree.I'ddroppeddowntooneclassaterm.IfIquitthat,therewasnowayI'dfindthewillpowertotryagain.Besides,wasn'tIalwaystellingMarietokeephopingandnevergiveup?MymindwentbacktotheconversationI'dhadwithMarieearlier.Paulhaddroppedheroffatthemall,whereshewasgettingpickedupforababysittingjob.“Rememberwe'regoingChristmasshoppingthisnight，”shesaid.“NowI'llevenhavemyownmoney.Seeyoulater.”Thefloorwasnearlydone.Thebossaskedmetoleave.留意：1．所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．應(yīng)運(yùn)用5個(gè)以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)；3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好；4．續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。答案Paragraph1：IopenedthebackdoorofthemallandsawMarieoutsidewithabagoffood,smiling.Shefinishedherjobanhourb