2024-2025學年高中英語Unit5MeetingyourancestorsSection3隨堂作業(yè)新人教版選修8

Unit5MeetingyourancestorsSectionⅡ請同學們細致完成練案[14]Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Therewasasystematic(有系統(tǒng)的)approachtosolvingtheproblem.2．Themeetingisofsuchgreatsignificance(意義)thatIhavetoattendit.3．Wemuststophimseeinghersomehow(以某種方式)．4．It'sveryrudetospitatsomeone.5．Hewantedtodeletemynamefromthelist.6．Thephotosbelonginanalbum.7．Shesendsherlittledaughtertothekindergarteneveryday.8．Iwantaskateboard(滑板)．9．WhenIwasachild,Ididn'tlikeonion(洋蔥),butIdon'tminditnow.10．Thehotelreceptionistwantstoknowwhenwewillbecheckingouttomorrowmorning.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Theybegancontributingarticlestoourmagazineseveralyearsago,andtheykeepdoingsountilnow.→Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2．IstartedtodrinkcoffeewhenIgottotheofficethisafternoon.Iamstilldrinkingcoffeenow.→IhavebeendrinkingcoffeealltheafternoonsinceIgottotheoffice.3.Ithasbeensixhourssincethebabyfellasleep.→Thebabyhasbeensleepingforsixhours.4．Mybrotherjoinedthepianoclubthreemonthsago.→Ithasbeenthreemonthssincemybrotherjoinedthepianoclub.5．LiLeimovedtoHangzhoutenyearsagoandheisstilllivingtherenow.→LiLeihasbeenlivinginHangzhoufortenyears.6.ThescientistcametostudytheChineseancientculturelastyearandheisstillworkinginChina.→ThescientisthasbeenstudyingtheChineseancientculturesincelastyear.7．Tom'sfatherdiedthreeyearsago.→Tom'sfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Ⅲ.完成句子1．這個項目的失敗在很大程度上是由于他的馬虎。Thefailureoftheprojectwaslargelyduetohiscarelessness.2．不知怎么地，我感覺事故的目擊者在說謊。Somehow，Ifeltthewitnesstotheaccidentwastellingalie.3．貝拉受夠了無趣的工作，確定再找一份新的。Bellawasfedupwiththeboringjobanddecidedtofindanewone.4．格雷絲代表公司在會議上介紹了新產(chǎn)品。Onbehalfofhercompany,Graceintroducedanewproductatthemeeting.5．互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的運用在社會發(fā)展中具有重大意義。TheuseoftheInternetisofgreatsignificanceinthedevelopmentofsociety.Ⅳ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Therearelotsofwaystoraiseawarenessforacause.Usually，the1.Ctheideais，themoreitgetsnoticed.Andthat'spreciselywhyone2.AFrenchmanhascaughtourattention.BaptisteDubanchetisbikingacrossEurope，surviving3.Condiscarded(丟棄的)food.Thethreemonth,1,900milejourneyfromParistoWarsawisDubanchet's4.BofraisingawarenessoffoodwasteinEuropeandthroughouttheworld.Asyoucanimagine，thetripisnopieceofcake.Whilerestaurants5.Dtonsoffoodeachyear，muchofitremainsinaccessiblebecauseof6.Agarbagecontainers，healthregulations，orbusinesspolicies.Onlyaboutoneintenplacesofferedhimfoodthatwouldotherwisebediscarded.Forlegal7.A，mostrestaurantshaveapolicyagainst8.Bfoodwaste.“Somepeoplehaveeven9.Dtheirjobsbygivingmefood，”Dubanchetsaid.What's10.CinterestingistheattitudevariouscitieshavetowardDubanchet'scause.BerlinhasbeentheeasiestwhilethemostdifficultwastheCzechtownofPilsen.There，hehadto11.Catsome50differentstoresorrestaurantsbeforefindingfood.Thechallengeisallthemoreseriouswhenyouconsiderthe12.CexerciserequiredtobikefromFrancetoPoland.“Ihavetogetfood13.DbecauseafterallthebikingIamtiredandIneedthe14.B，”Dubanchetexplained.“Ismystomachfullorempty?Thatisthemostimportantthing，notwhatIameating.”Heaimsto15.DhisjourneybymidJuly.Withanyluck，he'llturnafewmoreheadsintheprocess.文章大意：本文講解并描述了法國人BaptisteDubanchet一路騎自行車穿越歐洲，途中以丟棄的食物為生，試圖通過他的行為，來喚起人們對食物奢侈現(xiàn)象的關(guān)注。1．A．cleverer B．olderC．strange D．simpler解析：依據(jù)下文中的“themoreitgetsnoticed”可知，此處是“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..(越……，越……)”結(jié)構(gòu)，語意表示“想法越不尋常，就越能引起人們的關(guān)注”。2．A．garbageeating B．sportslovingC．foodwasting D．lawbreaking解析：依據(jù)下文中的“ondiscarded(丟棄)food”和全文可知，BaptisteDubanchet一路靠丟棄的食物為生，由此可知他是個“吃垃圾的人”。3．A．secretly B．finallyC．entirely D．probably解析：他完全依靠丟棄的食物來維持生活，以此來喚起人們珍惜食物的意識。4．A．purpose B．wayC．opinion D．dream解析：這是一種喚起人們對食物奢侈現(xiàn)象進行關(guān)注的方式。5．A．store B．cookC．shopfor D．throwaway解析：依據(jù)上下文可知，餐館每年要倒掉數(shù)噸食物。6．A．locked B．damagedC．connected D．a(chǎn)bandoned解析：依據(jù)上文可知，這些被丟棄的食物被鎖在了垃圾箱里。7．A．reasons B．rightsC．fees D．a(chǎn)ids解析：出于法律上的緣由，大部分餐館都有規(guī)定，不允許把要丟棄的食物送掉。8．A．beggingfor B．givingawayC．hiding D．causing解析：參考上題解析。giveaway贈送，分發(fā)，選B。9．A．did B．keptC．a(chǎn)ccepted D．risked解析：有些人冒著丟掉工作的風險給我食物。此處risk意為“冒……的風險”。依據(jù)語境可知，選D。10．A．hardly B．usuallyC．particularly D．merely解析：特殊有意思的是，不同城市對他這種行為的看法各不相同。particularly特殊，尤其。依據(jù)語境可知，選C。11．A．work B．shoutC．a(chǎn)sk D．jump解析：在比爾森市，他不得不詢問了約50家不同的商店或餐館，才討得食物。故選C。12．A．a(chǎn)dequate B．rewardingC．demanding D．suitable解析：這是一項費勁的活動，須要一路從法國騎自行車到波蘭。依據(jù)句意可知，選C。13．A．a(chǎn)gain B．a(chǎn)loneC．later D．fast解析：依據(jù)語意可知，一路騎自行車，到達目的地后又累又餓，確定須要盡快地獲得食物，以補充身體所需的能量。故選fast。14．A．spirit B．energyC．time D．effort解析：參考上題解析。15．A．a(chǎn)rrange B．restartC．report D．finish解析：他準備在7月中旬完成他的此次旅行，故選D。Ⅴ.閱讀理解(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone，wholedtheteam，describedtheexperiment：Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen，asymbolwouldappear，andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample，thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice；iftheywentforthecircle，theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains，”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了哈佛醫(yī)學院做的一項動物試驗，試驗發(fā)覺猴子能進行基本的加法運算，但加的結(jié)果有時會小于總和。1．Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem？CA．Theyfedthem. B．Theynamedthem.C．Theytrainedthem. D．Theymeasuredthem.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys...”和“Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.”可知探討者們是先訓練猴子然后才進行測試的，故選C項。其他三項均未提及。2．Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment？BA．Bydrawingacircle. B．Bytouchingascreen.C．Bywatchingvideos. D．Bymixingtwodrinks.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice...”可知猴子們是通過觸碰屏幕得到嘉獎的，故選B項。其他三項均不是猴子所做的事。3．WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys？AA．Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句可知，探討人員在進行了數(shù)百次測試后發(fā)覺，猴子多半時候會選擇更高的值，這表明它們是在進行計算，而不僅僅是記憶每個組合的值。4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear？DA．Entertainment. B．Health.C．Education. D．Science.解析：推理推斷題。全文圍繞科學試驗綻開——探討者訓練猴子并對其進行測試后發(fā)覺猴子能夠進行簡潔的加法運算，但有時計算的結(jié)果不夠精確。由此可知，該文章可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學版上。Ⅵ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SupermarketsinVietnamandThailandareleadingthefight1.againstsingleuseplasticsby2.replacing(replace)plasticbagswithbananaleaves.Asweallknow,itisofgreatimportancetotheplanet3.thatwestopusingsomuchbloodyplastic.Firstly,itispoisoningtheseas.Whalesarewashedup4.todie(die)．Itisthehugeamountsofplasticinsidetheir5.stomachs(stomach)thatkillthem.Secondly,ifitispoisoningtheseas,it's6.probably(probable)poisoningus,too,forweeataloadofthingsthatcomeoutofthesea.Lately,anewandencouraging7.development(develop)startedwithaFacebookpostshowingbananaleavesbeingusedintheRimpingsupermarketinChiangMai.Thailand.Afterseeinghowmuchgoodpublicitythepost8.hasgot/gotten(get)inthepastfewmonths,supermarketsinVietnamhaveallfollowedsuit.AccordingtoaspokespersonforLotteMarketinHoChizminhCity,they'reonlydoingthisas9.atest,buttheyplantoexpandtheactionnationwideandhopetobeabletousetheleavesformeataswellasvegetablesbeforetoolong.Besides,anotherVietnamesesupermarket,hasalreadystartedusingbiodegradable(可生物降解的)bags10.made(make)fromcorn.Thisisastepintherightdirectionandwedoneedit.文章大意：這是一篇說明文，主要講解并描述的是越南和泰國的超市正在發(fā)起一場反對塑料袋運用的戰(zhàn)役。為了削減環(huán)境污染，他們運用香蕉葉來代替一次性塑料袋。解析：1．考查介詞。依據(jù)短語fightagainst表示“打擊，反對”。故填against。2．考查非謂語動詞。by是介詞，后跟動名詞做賓語。故填replacing。3．考查連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前面的代詞it是形式主語，后面的that從句是真正的主語。從句不缺少成分，故用that引導。故填that。4．考查形容詞。句意：鯨魚被沖上岸等死。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知die在句中作非謂語動詞，且表示將要發(fā)生的事應(yīng)用不定式。故填todie。5．考查名詞的數(shù)。stomach為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)上文their可知應(yīng)用復數(shù)形式，在后面干脆加s。故填stomachs。6．考查副詞。修飾句子的謂語ispoisoning應(yīng)用副詞probably，表示“可能”。故填probably。7．考查名詞。依據(jù)上文anewandencouraging可知此處應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞development，表示“發(fā)展”。故填development。8．考查動詞時態(tài)。依據(jù)時間狀語inthepastfewmonths對應(yīng)的謂語動詞時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語為seeinghowmuchgoodpublicitythepost，助動詞應(yīng)用has。故填hasgot/gotten。9．考查冠詞。test為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且test為輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。10．考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知make在句中作非謂語動詞，且make與邏輯主語bags之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填made。SectionⅢUsingLanguage課前自主預(yù)習Ⅰ.單詞速記1．radioactive(adj.)放射性的；有輻射能的2．division(n.)分割；劃分；安排；分界線→divide(vt.)分開；分成；安排3．a(chǎn)pplaud(vi.&vt.)鼓掌歡迎；贊許4．a(chǎn)ccelerate(vi.&vt.)5．a(chǎn)rrest(vt.)逮捕；吸引(n.)逮捕；拘留6．skilful/skillful(adj.)有技巧的；嫻熟的→skill(n.)技能；嫻熟→skilfully/skillfully(adv.)Ⅱ.短語互譯1．beworriedabout擔憂；苦惱2．ifonly但愿；要是……就好了3．lookahead向前看；為將來準備4．時而；時常地nowandthen5．追溯到……datebackto/fromeq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(Q))巧學妙記ac作前綴的詞with＋n.→介詞短語accelerate加速；促進accumulate積累；聚集accuracy精確；精確accompany陪伴；陪伴accuse控告；控訴withrelief欣慰地withanger生氣地withfear膽怯 地withease輕易地withdelight興奮地Ⅲ.課文理解First略讀主旨1．Matchthegeneralideaofeveryparagraph.Para.1D A．Lalaandherfamiliesmadepreparationsforthefeast.Para.2APara.3B C．HowdidDahumaketools?Para.4C2．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？DA．ThemarriagelifeofLalaandDahu.B．Theseparateresponsibilitiesofmenandwomen.C．Thedifferencebetweenearlylifeandmodernlife.D．Thepreparationworkforafeast.Second細讀細微環(huán)節(jié)1．What'sthebesttitleofthetext?CA．ThemarriageofLalaandDahuB．ThecollectionoffoodsC．ThepreparationsforthefeastD．Theseparateresponsibilities2．Accordingtothetext，whichjobwasoftendonebyLala？AA．Collectingfruit.B．Killinganimals.C．Sharpeningscrapers.D．Togofishing.3．WhichjobwasoftendonebyDahu？BA．Preparingmeals.B．Fishing.C．Collectingnuts.D．Makingmoney.4．WhydidLalaaccelerateherwalk？AA．Becauseshefearedwildanimals.B．Becauseshewasarrestedbyadelicioussmell.C．Becauseshe'dliketomeetherhusband.D．Becauseshewaslateforthefeast.5．Accordingtothetext,whatwasLala’sattitudetowardshermarriage？CA．Shefeltsoshy.B．Shefeltsoworried.C．Shefeltverysatisfied.D．Thetextdoesn'ttellus.Third精讀語篇1．Worried(worry)aboutthepreparationsforherfeast,Lalaquicklyturnedforhome.2.Itwasthecustomoffamilygroupstoseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesforreunions.Ifonlyshe3.hadlooked(look)aheadandplanned4.better(good)thisyear,Lalathought.Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkupthepathtothecaves5.fearing(fear)thattheremightbewildbeasts.Shehadnoman6.withhisspeartoprotecther.Shehadalmostreachedherdestination7.whenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.8.Abruptly(abrupt)Lalasatdown，only9.tobescooped(scoop)upbyhersister,Luna.Lalawasinhigh10.spirits(spirit)whenthefirstoftheguestsfromtheneighbouringcavesbegantoarrivefordinner.Fourth研讀難句1．Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast，Lalaquicklyturnedforhomewithhercollectionofnuts，melonsandotherfruit.分析：本句為簡潔句。Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast為過去分詞短語作緣由狀語。相當于緣由狀語從句Becauseshewasworriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast.worryabout為固定短語，意思是“擔憂”。譯文：拉拉擔憂她這次盛宴的準備工作，所以抓緊把堅果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起來就快步回家了。2．Itwasthecustomoffamilygroupstoseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesforreunionsastheyfollowedtheanimalherdsacrossthegrasslands.分析：本句為復合句。It為形式主語，真正的主語為toseparateandthengatheragainatdifferentsitesofreunions。astheyfollowedtheanimalherdsacrossthegrasslands為as引導的緣由狀語從句。譯文：由于在草原上放牧，家族成員先分散開，然后在不同的地方相聚，這是他們的一個習俗。課內(nèi)合作探究重點詞匯1．a(chǎn)pplaudvi.&vt.鼓掌歡迎；贊許①Theykeptapplaudinglongafterthecurtaincamedown.落幕之后，他們?nèi)蚤L時間鼓掌。②Theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedtheperformers.觀眾向演員們熱情鼓掌。③Theyapplaudedhimforhiscourage.他們因他的志氣而贊揚他。留意：applaudsb./sth.向某人/某事鼓掌表示歡迎或贊許applaudsb.forsth.因某事贊許某人eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展applausen.鼓掌；喝彩；夸獎；贊揚wintheapplauseof...贏得……的掌聲①Therewascontinuedapplause.掌聲經(jīng)久不息。②Theaudiencebrokeintorapturousapplause.聽眾中爆發(fā)出一片歡呼喝彩聲。③Hisgoodconductdeservesapplause.他的優(yōu)良品德值得贊揚。④Hisspeechwontheapplauseoftheaudience.他的講話贏得了聽眾的掌聲。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①WeapplaudedBeijingforitsstronganddeterminedleadershipinprotectingthehealthofitspeople.解析：句意：我們贊許北京在愛護老百姓健康方面強大而堅決的領(lǐng)導。②Despitetheiryoungage，thechildrenskillfullyplayedthecharactersandwonmuchapplause(applaud)．解析：句意：盡管他們很年輕，這些孩子嫻熟地扮演了這些角色并因此贏得了很多掌聲。2．a(chǎn)cceleratevi.&vt.加速；促進①Thecaracceleratedonthedownhillroad.汽車在下山的路上加速行駛。②Sheacceleratedhercarandpassedthebusinfront.她加快車速超過了前面的公共汽車。③Thenewpolicyacceleratedthefallofthegovernment.新政策的出臺加速了該政府的倒臺。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展accelerationn.加速；加快；加速的幅度；加速實力；加速度acceleratorn.(汽車的)油門；加速器①Itcapturesafivesecondhistoryofspeed,accelerationandbraking.它能記錄5秒鐘內(nèi)汽車的速度、加速和剎車狀況。②Thedriverpressedontheaccelerator,savagelyroaringtheengine.司機踩下油門踏板，引擎轟鳴。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固補全句子①Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestoacceleratetherateofeconomicgrowth(加快經(jīng)濟增長的速度)．單句語法填空②Hemadeuphismindtoaccelerate(accelerate)hisadvertisingregardlessofothers'objection.3．a(chǎn)rrestvt.逮捕；吸引n．逮捕；拘留①Hegotarrestedforrobbing.他因搶劫被逮捕。②Hewasarrestedforcausingaseriouscaraccident.他因造成嚴峻車禍而被逮捕。③Anunusualnoisearrestedmyattention.一陣不尋常的嘈雜聲引起了我的留意。④Thepolicemadeseveralarrestsduringthefootballmatch.警方在足球賽時逮捕了一些人。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展arrestsb.for因……而逮捕某人getarrested被逮捕arrestone'sattention引起某人的留意underarrest在關(guān)押中makeanarrest進行拘捕eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①Theyoungmanwasarrestedforhavingstolencomputers.②Whydidthewomangetarrested(arrest)lastnight?③Itissaidthatshewasunderarrestonsuspicionofmurder.重點短語1．lookahead向前看；為將來準備①Lookahead.Whatcanyouseeonthetopofthehill?向前看，你望見山頂上有什么東西？②Youngpeopleoftenlookaheadtothefuturewhiletheelderlylookbackonthepast.青年人常思將來，老年人常思既往。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展lookdownupon/on看不起，卑視lookforwardto盼望，期望lookinto調(diào)查，探討lookthrough溫習，細致檢查，閱讀lookup查閱lookupto敬重，仰慕①Thegovernmentwilllookintohowtoreduceunemploymentrate.政府將探討如何降低失業(yè)率。②MyfathercertainlyhasgreatinfluenceonmeandIalwayslookuptohim.我父親對我有極深遠的影響，我始終很敬重他。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固完成句子①Lookingahead，Iamfilledwithconfidenceandenthusiasm.展望將來，我充溢信念和熱忱。用look短語的適當形式填空②MrSmithhadtaughtformanyyears,andallstudentslookeduptohim.③Youshouldlookthroughyournotesbeforetheexamination.④We'lllookintothematterfirstbeforecomingtoadecision.2．datebackto...“追溯到……，始于”，相當于datefrom。①Myfamilyhasavase,whichissaidtodatebacktotheMingDynasty.我家有個花瓶，據(jù)說是從明代傳下來的。②TombSweepingDaydatesbacktotheSpringandAutumnPeriod.清明節(jié)可以追溯到春秋時代。③TheculturalrelicdiscoveredlatelydatesfromtheQingDynasty.最近發(fā)覺的文物屬于清朝。留意：datebackto和datefrom常用一般現(xiàn)在時，而且無被動語態(tài)。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展uptodate最近的；跟上時代的outofdate過時的；廢棄的①Justlikeyourantivirus,youhavetokeepyourfirewalluptodate.就像你的反病毒程序，你要保持你的防火墻是最新的。②Allourinformationiskeptrightuptodateonthecomputer.我們貯存在計算機里的全部信息都跟得上時代的發(fā)展。③Thetimetableisoutofdate.這張時辰表過期了。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析datebackto和datebackdatebackto“追溯到；始于”，其后接表示詳細時間的名詞dateback“上溯；追溯”，其后接表示一段時間的名詞Thehistoryoftheirfamilydatesbackhundredsofyears;thehousewheretheylivedatesbacktothe18thcentury.他們的家族已有幾百年的歷史；他們住的房子始建于18世紀。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固完成句子①Hisinterestintheartcandatebacktoalittleincidentinhischildhood.他對美術(shù)的愛好可以追溯到孩童時代的一件小事。選詞填空(outofdate,uptodate,fixadate)②We'llkeepyouuptodatewiththelatestnews.③Youcangiveawaytheoldclothesthatareoutofdatetothoseinneedofclothing.④Wehavetofixadatetodiscusstheproblemcarefully.單句語法填空⑤Everyspringwewilltakepicturesinfrontoftheoldtree,whichdates(date)backtoasearlyas800yearsago.經(jīng)典句式1．Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast,Lalaquicklyturnedforhomewithhercollectionofnuts,melonsandotherfruit.拉拉擔憂她這次盛宴的準備工作，所以抓緊把堅果，甜瓜和其他水果收集起來就快步回家了。worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast為過去分詞短語作狀語，用來描述主語的狀態(tài)。Buriedinherhomework,shedidn'tnoticeitwas10o'clock.忙于她的作業(yè)，她沒留意到已經(jīng)10點了。Devotedtohisresearch,hehasnotimetowatchTV,sohedoesn'tknowwhathashappenedtoJapan.致力于他的探討，他沒時間看電視，因此他不知道近來日本發(fā)生了什么事。留意：有些動詞或動詞短語常用過去分詞形式作狀語，用來描述主語的狀態(tài)。這些詞有excite，tire，frighten，absorb，surprise，shock，satisfy，exhaust等。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①Exhausted(exhaust),helayonthegrass.②Heturnedaway,satisfied(satisfy)．③Addicted(addict)totheInternet,hedidn'tstudyatall.解析：句意：沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他一點也不學習了。beaddictedto...“沉溺于……”，addictedto為過去分詞短語作狀語，用以說明主語的狀態(tài)。2．Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見，安排得更好些就好了！ifonly...意為“要是……就好了，但愿……”，其后的句子常用虛擬語氣，表達劇烈的愿望或缺憾。ifonly所在的句子可以用一般過去時(表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬)、過去將來時(表示與將來事實相反的虛擬)或過去完成時(表示與過去事實相反的虛擬)。Ifonlymymotherwerewithmenow!要是我母親現(xiàn)在和我在一起就好了！Ifonlyhewouldreplytomyletter!要是他能給我回信就好了！留意：“Ifonly＋句子”是一個固定句型，表示一種愿望，意為“要是……就好了，但愿……”。①“ifonly...could/would＋do...”表示與將來事實相反的愿望。Idreadthecomingexams.IfonlyIcouldhavetimetoreviewmylessons.我對即將到來的考試特別擔憂。假如我有時間復習該多好啊。②“ifonly...did...”表示與目前或現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望。IfonlyIhadanotherchance.要是我再有一次機會就好了。③“ifonly...haddone...”表示與過去事實相反的愿望。Ifonlyyouhadcometohelpusyesterday!你要是昨天來幫我們就好了！eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(W))溫馨提示onlyif“只有……才”，引導條件狀語從句，不用虛擬語氣，其中only表示強調(diào)。因為狀語從句放在句首，又用only強調(diào)，所以主句主謂要倒裝。Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformationyouneedtoknow.你只有提出了很多不同的問題之后才有可能獲得你須要知道的信息。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①—Anyinformationaboutyourson?—No,ifonlyIhadn'tsaid(say)thosetoughwordstohim.解析：考查虛擬語氣。答句句意：沒有，要是我不對他說那些狠話就好了。ifonly意為“要是……就好了”，需用虛擬語氣。從對話的語境可知，對兒子說狠話是在過去發(fā)生的事，故用過去完成時。②Ifonlyhehadlain(lie)quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.解析：考查固定句式。句意：假如他按醫(yī)生的叮囑寧靜地躺著就好了，他現(xiàn)在就不會遭這么多罪了。ifonly“要是……就好了；但愿……”。依據(jù)句意可知“躺”的動作發(fā)生在過去，表示對過去的虛擬，故用過去完成時。③—DidJacktakethedoctor'sadvicethathe(should)lie(lie)inbedforanotherthreedays?—Ifonlyhehadlain(lie)．解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：——杰克接受醫(yī)生讓他在床上再躺三天的建議了嗎？——他要是躺著就好啦。advice“建議”，后面同位語從句的謂語部分應(yīng)當用“(should＋)動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)語境可知他并未接受醫(yī)生的建議，故ifonly引導的句子與過去事實相反，故用過去完成時。④Otherstellyouthattheywouldgosomuchfurtherintheircareerifonlytheyhad(have)acollegeeducation.解析：考查固定句式。句意：其他人告知你要是他們接受了高校教化的話，他們就會在事業(yè)方面走更遠。ifonly意為“要是……就好了”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，故用一般過去時。3．Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedherwalkupthepathtothecavesfearingthattheremightbewildbeastslyinginwaitforher.聽見狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞窟的步伐，擔憂會有野獸在等著她。此句中多處用了現(xiàn)在分詞?！癏avingheardwolveshowlingintheforest”為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作緣由狀語，其中“howlingintheforest”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補足語，而“fearingthat...”在句中作伴隨狀語，其中that從句為動詞fear的賓語，從句中的“l(fā)yinginwaitforher”為分詞短語作后置定語修飾wildbeasts。Havingfinishedhisreport,Tomwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.完成了他的報告，湯姆去操場打籃球了。Isawhimtalkingwithhisteacherjustnow.剛才我望見他正和他老師談話。Theywalkedontheroadtothelibrary,talkingandlaughing.他們走在去圖書館的路上，說說笑笑。Thisisthedogbarkingjustnow.這就是剛才叫喚的那只狗。留意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，它與主語之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，與所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①Havingfinished(finish)aday'swork，shewenthomeatoncefearingthatthereweremanycarsdrivinghomeontheroad.②Living(live)inasoutherncityofChina,Ihaveneverseensuchawonderfulsnowview.③Nothavinggrown(notgrow)upyet,you'renotallowedtoenterthebars.4．Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到達目的地的時候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她停下來，不往前走了。句中“haddone...when...”是一個常用句型，意為“(剛)做完了……就在那時……”。when表示“就在那時”時，常見句式及意義如下：Hewastalkingabouthisplanswhensuddenlythelightswentoff.他還在喋喋不休地講著他的安排，這時燈突然滅了。Iwasabouttogotobedwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我剛要上床睡覺，這時有人敲門。Wehadhardlyarrivedwhenitbegantosnow.我們剛到就起先下雪了。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固單句語法填空①(2024·天津卷改編)Iwasdriving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.解析：考查固定句型。句意：我正開車去倫敦時，突然我發(fā)覺我走錯了路。was/weredoingsth.＋when(suddenly)did...,when為并列連詞，意為：就在這時(那時)。②Iwasabouttoleavetheroomwhenthebellrang.完成句子③Ihadalmostfinishedmyworkwhenthepowerwentout.我剛要完成工作的時候停電了。5．Hechoseonelargestoneandbegantouseitlikeahammerstrikingtheedgeofthescraperthatneededsharpening.他選了一大塊石頭，把它當作錘子敲打一個須要磨快的石刮刀邊沿。(1)本句中and連接兩個并列謂語，that引導的定語從句修飾先行詞scraper。(2)句中neededsharpening中的sharpening是動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，英語中need，want，require等動詞后可以接動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，也可以用動詞不定式的被動形式表示被動意義。Thehouseneedscleaning/tobecleaned.這所房子須要打掃一下。Thesentencewantsexplaining/tobeexplainedagain.這個句子須要再說明一遍。eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展在英語表達當中有很多用的是主動形式，但表達的意義卻是被動的，現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下：①表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel，sound，taste，look等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動含義。Themixturetastedterrible.這種混合物嘗起來味道很不好。②表達事物行為、方式的動詞open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash等習慣上以主動形式表示被動含義。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.這種布料很好洗。Thenewdoorwon'topen.新門打不開。③“be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)常表示被動含義。Theproblemishardtosolve.這問題很難解決。④beonshow,beonsale,beunderdiscussion等表被動意義。Summerclothesareonsale.夏裝正在出售。⑤“beworthdoing”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義。Thefilmisworthseeing.這部電影值得一看。⑥“不定式作后置定語”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝點什么嗎？eq\o(\s\up1(),\s\do0(J))即時鞏固完成句子①Theserawmeatneedscuttingup/tobecutup.這些生肉須要切碎。②Thefloorrequireswashing/tobewashed.地板須要沖洗。