2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit2MoralsandVirtuesSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第三冊(cè)

PAGEUNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESIhaveadreamMartinLutherKingIhaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed—weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgia,sonsofformerslavesandsonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood...Ihaveadreammyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter...Whenweallowfreedomtoring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatday.WhenallofGod'schildren—blackmenandwhitemen,JewsandGentiles，ProtestantsandCatholics—willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual,“freeatlast,freeatlast.ThankGodalmighty,wearefreeatlast.”開啟歡樂(lè)學(xué)習(xí)之旅我有一個(gè)幻想馬丁·路德·金我有一個(gè)幻想：有一天，這個(gè)國(guó)家將站起來(lái)，并實(shí)現(xiàn)它的信條的真正含義——我們將捍衛(wèi)這些不言而喻的真理，即全部人生來(lái)同等。我有一個(gè)幻想：有一天在喬治亞州紅色的山丘上，從前的奴隸的子孫們能和從前的奴隸主的子孫們像兄弟一樣坐在同一張桌子旁……我有一個(gè)幻想：我的四個(gè)孩子有一天將生活在這樣一個(gè)國(guó)度，在那里，人們不以膚色，而是以品德來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)他們……當(dāng)自由的鐘聲響起的時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們讓它從每一個(gè)村莊，每一個(gè)州，每一個(gè)城市響起的時(shí)候，我們將能夠加速這一天的到來(lái)。那時(shí)，上帝全部的孩子——黑人和白人，猶太教徒和非猶太教徒，新教徒和天主教徒，將能攜手同唱那古老的黑人圣歌：“最終自由了，最終自由了，感謝全能的上帝，我們最終自由了！”模塊核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．moraladj.道德的；道義上的n．品德；道德；寓意2．virtuen．高尚的道德；美德；優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)3．illustratevt.(舉例)說(shuō)明；闡明；給(書或文意)加插圖→illustrationn4．preciousadj.珍稀的；珍貴的5．marriagen．結(jié)婚；婚姻→marryv．結(jié)婚，娶，嫁→marriedadj.已婚的6．majorityn．大部分；大多數(shù)→majoradj.主要的；多數(shù)的vi.主修→minorityn．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)7．complainvi.&vt.埋怨；發(fā)牢騷→complaintn．埋怨；牢騷；投訴8．feen．專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)；酬勞9．respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→responsen．反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)10．unionn．協(xié)會(huì)；聯(lián)合會(huì)；工會(huì)11．scholarshipn．獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金12．hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用13．physiciann．醫(yī)師；(尤指)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生→physicistn．物理學(xué)家→physicaladj.身體的；物理的→physicsn．物理學(xué)14．colleaguen．同事；同僚15．rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用→rejectionn．拒絕接受；推翻16．a(chǎn)ppointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．任命，委派17．clinicn．診所；門診部→clinicaladj.臨床的；臨床診斷的18．farawayadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的19．electvt.選舉；推選→electionn．選舉；推選；當(dāng)選→electorn．選舉人20．decaden．十年；十年期21．elsewhereadv.在別處；去別處22．tendvt.照看；照料vi.傾向；趨于→tendencyn．趨勢(shì)；傾向23．publishvt.發(fā)表(作品)；出版→publishern．出版人(或機(jī)構(gòu))24．staffn．員工；全體職員25．retirevi.&vt.退休；退職；退出→retirementn．退休→retiredadj.退休的26．savingn．節(jié)約物；節(jié)約；節(jié)約[pl.]儲(chǔ)蓄金；存款27．kindergartenn．學(xué)前班；幼兒園28．principlen．道德原則；法則；原則29．passiveadj.被動(dòng)的；聽從的30．scarevt.驚嚇；使膽怯 vi.使驚嚇→scaredadj.膽怯 的；對(duì)……感到驚惶或恐驚的→scaryadj.引起恐慌的31．sharpadj.(增長(zhǎng)、下跌等)急劇的；銳利的；明顯的→sharpenv．使變銳利32．insurancen．保險(xiǎn)；保險(xiǎn)業(yè)33．energeticadj.精力充足的；充溢活力的→energyn．精力；力氣；能源34．replacevt.接替；取代；更換→replacementn．替換；更換；替代品；替換Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過(guò)難關(guān)2．tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事3．getintrouble陷入逆境；遇到麻煩4．notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……5．befamousfor因……而著名6．beaffectedby被……影響/感動(dòng)7．insteadof代替；而不是8．wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事9．graduatefrom從……畢業(yè)10．becauseof因?yàn)?；由?1．inneedof須要12．carefor照看；喜愛13．beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)14．treat...as...把……當(dāng)作15．beknownas...作為……而著名16．ofone'sown屬于某人自己的17．bereadytodo樂(lè)意干某事18．not...anymore不再……Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型1．Sheresponded，“I'drather_staysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答說(shuō)：“我寧愿保持單身，終生學(xué)習(xí)！”2．SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMC她馬上成為第一個(gè)被聘為PUMC醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科住院醫(yī)師的女性。3．Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有時(shí)人們甚至?xí)吹剿T著毛驢到遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊給人看病。4．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.雖然林巧稚從未結(jié)婚，她卻被稱為“一萬(wàn)個(gè)孩子的媽媽”，一生中接生了5萬(wàn)多個(gè)孩子。1preciousadj.珍稀的；珍貴的[典型例句]Thepeacockisapreciousbirdinthesub-tropicalzone.孔雀是亞熱帶地區(qū)的珍禽。Cleanwaterispreciousinthatpartoftheworld.在世界的那個(gè)地方，干凈的水是珍貴的。[即學(xué)即練]Whatisprecious(preciously)betweenfriendsisbeliefandrespect.2eq\a\vs4\al(majorityn.大部分；大多數(shù))[典型例句]Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.這次的損失大部分簡(jiǎn)潔補(bǔ)救。Themajorityofpeoplebelievethatsmokingisharmfultohealth.大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為吸煙有害健康。[思維拓展]themajority大多數(shù)(其作主語(yǔ)表整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若表成員狀況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。)themajorityof＋n.[U]＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)themajorityof＋n.[pl.]＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)beinthe/amajority占大多數(shù)by/withamajorityof以大多數(shù)……(贏得……)minorityn．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)a/theminorityof少數(shù)beinthe/aminority占少數(shù)[即學(xué)即練](1)The_majoritywerepresentatthemeeting.大多數(shù)人出席了會(huì)議。(2)Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames.大部分人好像喜愛觀看競(jìng)賽勝于參與競(jìng)賽。(3)Hewaselectedbyamajorityof765.他以765票的多數(shù)票當(dāng)選。3eq\a\vs4\al(complainvi.&vt.埋怨；發(fā)牢騷)[典型例句]Hecomplainedbitterlythathehadbeenunfairlytreated.他憤懣地訴說(shuō)他所受到的不公允待遇。I'mgoingtocomplaintothemanageraboutthis.我要就這件事向經(jīng)理投訴。[思維拓展]complain(tosb.)of/about(doing)sth.(向某人)投訴/埋怨(做)某事；(向某人)發(fā)牢騷complain(tosb.)that...(向某人)埋怨……complaintn．埋怨；投訴；控告makeacomplaintaboutsth.埋怨/投訴某事makeacomplainttosb.向某人埋怨/投訴[即學(xué)即練](1)Hedidnothingbutcomplaintomeaboutthefoodandtheserviceoftherestaurant.(2)Don'tcomplainaboutourlife.Weshouldbethankfulforwhatwehave.4eq\a\vs4\al(feen.專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)；酬勞)[典型例句]Doesthebankchargeafeeforsettinguptheaccount?在這家銀行開賬戶要收費(fèi)嗎？[易混辨析]fare,fee,charge,costfare指交通費(fèi)。fee指會(huì)費(fèi)、學(xué)費(fèi)、入場(chǎng)費(fèi)、手續(xù)費(fèi)等。charge指商品和服務(wù)所須要的要價(jià)、收費(fèi)等。cost指成本、費(fèi)用、代價(jià)等。[即學(xué)即練]Hisparentspaidhightuitionfees(fee)forhiscollegelife.5eq\a\vs4\al(respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vt.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng))[典型例句]Iinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidnotrespond.我邀請(qǐng)她吃晚飯，但她未回復(fù)。Howdidsherespondtothenews?她對(duì)那個(gè)消息有什么反應(yīng)？[思維拓展]respondtosb./sth.(with/bysth.)(用……)回答某人/回復(fù)某事(比answer,replyto正式)respondto(疾病、身體的受傷部分)對(duì)醫(yī)藥有良好反應(yīng)responsen．反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)responsetosb./sth.(對(duì)人/物)的回答/回復(fù)/反應(yīng)inresponseto作為對(duì)……的反應(yīng)[易混辨析]respond,answer,replyrespond為不及物動(dòng)詞，指對(duì)他人的期望等做出適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)，是最正式的用詞。answer為及物動(dòng)詞，指用文字、語(yǔ)言或行動(dòng)回答，是最一般的用詞。reply為不及物動(dòng)詞，與answer用法基本相同，但稍正式一些。Iaskedhimhisname,buthedidn'trespond.我問(wèn)他叫什么名字，可他沒(méi)回答。Heansweredthathedidgotherelastnight.他回答說(shuō)昨天晚上他的確去過(guò)那兒。It'syourturnnowtoreplytothesecharges.現(xiàn)在該輪到你對(duì)這些指控進(jìn)行答辯了。[即學(xué)即練](1)Theystillhaven'tresponded_tomyletter.他們至今仍沒(méi)有回我的信。(2)Herespondedtomysuggestionwithalaugh/bylaughing.他對(duì)我的建議報(bào)以一笑。(3)Hisillnessdidn'trespondtotreatmentbydrugs.他的疾病對(duì)藥物治療沒(méi)有反應(yīng)。(4)Mymotheropenedthedoorinresponsetotheknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.聽到敲門聲后，我媽媽打開了門，但外面一個(gè)人都沒(méi)有。6eq\a\vs4\al(hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用)[典型例句]Theyhiredabighall.他們租了一間大廳。Wehiredadrivertotakeusonatourofthecity.我們雇用了一個(gè)司機(jī)帶我們巡游這個(gè)城市。Wehavetopay$300forthehireofthemeetinghall.我們不得不為會(huì)議室的租用支付300美元。[思維拓展]for/onhire出租Carforhire,$10anhour.汽車出租，每小時(shí)10美元。[易混辨析]employ,hire,rent(1)employ雇，雇人，指商店或公司長(zhǎng)期雇用人。(2)hire租，雇，指按工作量或時(shí)間雇用人。(3)rent租，指長(zhǎng)期租賃土地、房屋等，若短暫租借也可用hire。Theywanttohireahallforanevening.他們想租用禮堂一晚上。Theycan'taffordtobuyanewhouse,sotheyhavetorentone.他們買不起新居子，因此還得租房住。[即學(xué)即練]Theyhired(hire)afirmofconsultantstodesignthenewsystem.7eq\a\vs4\al(rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用)[典型例句]TheChristianChurchrejectedhistheory,sayingitwasagainstGod'sideaandpeoplewhosupporteditwouldbeattacked.基督教會(huì)拒絕接受他的理論，說(shuō)這種理論違反了上帝的想法，誰(shuí)支持這一理論就將受到攻擊。[思維拓展]rejectionn．拒絕接受；推翻[圖解助記](méi)[即學(xué)即練]Hisarticlewasrejected(reject)bytheeditor.8eq\a\vs4\al(appointvt.任命；委派)[典型例句]She'sbeenappointed(as/tobe)salesmanager.她被任命為銷售部經(jīng)理。Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他們派她去照看那位老人。[思維拓展]appointsb.(as/tobe)＋職位某人擔(dān)當(dāng)……職位appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事appointmentn．任命；委派；約定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.與某人有約keep/breakanappointment守約/違約appointedadj.約定的；指定的[即學(xué)即練](1)Onceyoumakeanappointment(appoint)withsomeone,youshouldkeepit.(2)Shewaswaitingatmyapartmentattheappointed(appoint)timetotakemetoDisneyWorld.9eq\a\vs4\al(electvt.選舉；推選)[典型例句]Sheelectedanartcoursebecauseshewasinterestedinart.因?yàn)樗龑?duì)藝術(shù)感愛好，所以選擇了一門藝術(shù)課。Likemen,womenhavetherighttoelectandtobeelected.婦女享有同男子同等的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。[思維拓展]electtodosth.確定做某事electsb.as選舉某人當(dāng)……electionn．選舉；推選；當(dāng)選Wewonderwhowillwinthenextelection.我們都想知道下屆選舉誰(shuí)會(huì)獲勝。[即學(xué)即練]Besides,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIam_elected(elect)asassistanttomyEnglishteacher.10eq\a\vs4\al(decaden.十年；十年期)[典型例句]Manygreateventshappenedinthepastdecade.在過(guò)去的十年中發(fā)生了許多大事務(wù)。[巧學(xué)妙記](méi)deca-(＝ten，十)＋de→十年；十年期[思維拓展]for/during/in/overthepast/lastfewdecades在過(guò)去的幾十年里(常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用)Forthepastfewdecadescomputertechnologyhascomealongway.過(guò)去幾十年里，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。[即學(xué)即練]Inthepastdecade,hehas_planted(plant)hundredsoftrees.11eq\a\vs4\al(tendvt.照看；照料vi.傾向；趨于)[典型例句]Itendtogotobedlateandgetupearlyinsummer.夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。Shespendshersparetimetendingheroldmother.她的業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在照看她年邁的母親上。[思維拓展]tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事tendto/towardssth.趨向，傾向tend(to)sb./sth.(＝lookaftersb./sth.)照看/護(hù)理……tendencyn．傾向，趨勢(shì)haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的傾向[即學(xué)即練](1)Thesortofmusichelistenstovaries,buttends_towardspopularmusic.他聽的音樂(lè)形形色色，不過(guò)傾向于流行音樂(lè)。(2)Shetendstogetangrywhenpeopleopposetoherplan.別人反對(duì)她的支配時(shí)，她很簡(jiǎn)潔生氣。(3)Thenurseskillfullytendedtheirwounds.那位護(hù)士嫻熟地為他們包扎傷口。12eq\a\vs4\al(staffn.員工；全體職員；拐杖)[典型例句]Thestaffarenothappyaboutthenewarrangement.員工們不喜愛新的支配。Theoldmancanwalkonlywiththehelpofastaff.這個(gè)老人只有借助拐杖才能走路。[思維拓展]staff作“全體員工”講，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若被看作整體，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若被看作個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thestaffinthisschoolishighinquality.這所學(xué)校的員工素養(yǎng)很高。Thestaffinthisshoparehelpful.這家店里的員工是樂(lè)于助人的。[即學(xué)即練]Thestaffinthiscompanyare(be)busyworkingatpresent.13retirevi.&vt.退休；退職；退出；離開(尤指去偏僻處)[典型例句]Mostpeopleretireat60.大多數(shù)人在60歲時(shí)退休。Shewasforcedtoretireearlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.由于身體不好她被迫早早地從教學(xué)崗位上退了下來(lái)。Afterlunch,heretiredtohisstudy.午飯后他去了書房。[思維拓展]retirefrom...從……退休(役)/退出retire(from...)(to...)退下；退出；離開(尤指到偏僻處)retiredadj.已退職的；已退休的retirementn．退休；退職[即學(xué)即練](1)Afterheretired(retire)fromoffice,Tomtookuppaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.(2)Whentheworld-famoustennisplayerannouncedherretirement(retire),shecouldn'thelpcrying.14eq\a\vs4\al(principlen.道德原則；法則；原則)[典型例句]Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.學(xué)校設(shè)法教給孩子們一套道德準(zhǔn)則。Theyagreedtotheplanonlyinprinciple.他們只是原則上同意那個(gè)支配。[思維拓展]inprinciple原則上；理論上onprinciple依據(jù)原則[即學(xué)即練]Despitethevarietyofinjuries,severalprinciples(principle)offirstaidcanapplytoallemergencies.15eq\a\vs4\al(scarevt.驚嚇；使膽怯 vi.受驚嚇)[典型例句]Theterriblesoundsscaredthechildren.可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。Hedoesn'tscareeasily.他不輕易膽怯 。[思維拓展]scaresb.todeath把某人嚇得要死scaresb.away/off把某人嚇跑scaresb.into/outof(doing)sth.嚇得某人做/不敢做某事Itscaressb.todosth.使某人膽怯 去做某事scaredadj.膽怯 的；對(duì)……感到驚惶或恐驚的bescaredofdoing/todosth.膽怯 做某事bescared(that)．..膽怯 ……[即學(xué)即練](1)Thescarecrowinthefieldisusedtoscarethebirdsaway.田地里的稻草人是用來(lái)嚇跑小鳥的。(2)Theyscaredthelittleboyintostealingfoodsinthesupermarket.他們威逼這個(gè)小男孩到超市里去偷食物。(3)Thelittlegirlisscaredofgoingoutalone.這個(gè)小女孩膽怯 一個(gè)人外出。(4)I'mscaredI'mgoingtofall.我膽怯 自己快掉下去了。16eq\a\vs4\al(replacevt.接替；取代；更換)[典型例句]HehasreplacedMrBrownaspresident.他取代布朗先生當(dāng)了董事長(zhǎng)。Hewillreplacethebrokenwindowwithanewone.他要用新窗戶更換破了的窗戶。[思維拓展]replace...with/by...用……代替……replacesb.as...取代某人而成為……replacesb./sth.＝taketheplaceofsb./sth.取代某人/某物taketheplaceof＝takeone'splace接替inplaceof＝inone'splace代替outofplace不在合適的位置；不得體[即學(xué)即練]一句多譯我們的班長(zhǎng)將代替我們的班主任參與會(huì)議。(1)Ourmonitorwilltake_the_place_of/replace_our_head_teachertoattendthemeeting.(taketheplaceof/replace)(2)Ourmonitorwillattendthemeetingin_place_of_our_head_teacher.(inplaceof)(3)Ourmonitorwilltake_our_head_teacher's_placetoattendthemeeting.(takeone'splace)考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)一單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Themajority(major)ofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.2．Someminority(minor)languagesarelosingtheiridentitiesbecauseoftheinvasionofmorepopularspokenones.3．Thepolicereceivedseveralcomplaints(complain)aboutthenoisefromourparty.4．Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.5．Weregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasbeenrejected(reject)．6．Iwasappointedto_take(take)chargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.7．Aboutthreedecades(decade)ago，Chinawasknownasthe“BicycleKingdom”．8．Theolderwomentendto_believe(believe)instrangerseasily.9．Nowadaysthereisagrowingtendency(tend)forpeopletoshoponInternet.10．Asaretired(retire)eardoctor，IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.11．Wewerescared(scare)todeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately，itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.1eq\a\vs4\al(carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過(guò)難關(guān))[典型例句]Herconfidencecarriedherthrough.她的信念使她渡過(guò)了難關(guān)。[思維拓展]carrythrough實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成carryon(doingsth./withsth.)接著(做某事)；堅(jiān)持carryout貫徹；執(zhí)行；履行carryoutaplan/orders/instructions執(zhí)行支配/吩咐/指示carryaway運(yùn)走，使失去自制力[即學(xué)即練](1)Hewastheonlypersonwhocouldcarrythecountrythrough.他是唯一能使國(guó)家安穩(wěn)渡過(guò)逆境之人。(2)It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarryitthrough.這是一項(xiàng)艱難的工作，但她這個(gè)人是能夠順當(dāng)完成的。(3)Itisdifficulttocarryonaconversationwithagreatnoisearoundus.在四周很吵鬧的環(huán)境下進(jìn)行談話是很困難的。(4)Onceadecisionisreached,itmustbefirmlycarriedout.確定一旦形成，就必需堅(jiān)決執(zhí)行。(5)Hehasfailedtocarryouthispromise.他沒(méi)有履行諾言。2eq\a\vs4\al(insteadof而不是；代替)[典型例句]NowIcanwalktoworkinsteadofgoingbycar.現(xiàn)在我可以步行去上班，而不必開車了。Ifyoucannotgo,he'llgoinsteadofyou.假如你不能去，他將替你去。[易混辨析]instead，insteadof(1)instead為副詞，意為“(不是……)而是/反而……”，可單獨(dú)運(yùn)用，置于句首或句末；insteadof意為“代替；而不是”，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。(2)insteadof指用A而不用B，除“代替”之意外，還有對(duì)B否定的意味，所以有時(shí)譯成“不”；inplaceof一般指以A代B。Insteadofgoingtothecinema,hewentshopping.他沒(méi)有去看電影，而是去買東西了。Sheneverstudies.Instead,sheplaysallday.她從來(lái)不學(xué)習(xí)。相反，她成天玩。Plasticsarenowoftenusedinplaceofwoodormetal.現(xiàn)在塑料常常被用來(lái)代替木料或金屬。[即學(xué)即練]I'llattendthemeetinginsteadofhim.3eq\a\vs4\al(inneedof須要……)[典型例句]Ifeltlonelyandwasinneedofsomeoneforcompanionship.我覺得孤獨(dú)，須要有人做伴。[思維拓展]havetheneedforsth.須要某物inwantof須要satisfy/meetaneed滿意要求Theprojecthastheneedformoney.這個(gè)工程須要錢。ButI'msorrywe'renotabletomeetyourneedthistime.但是很缺憾，這次我們不能滿意您的須要。[即學(xué)即練]Theministersaidthattheirchurchwasbadlyinneedofrepairs.4eq\a\vs4\al(carefor照看；照料；喜愛)[典型例句]Shemovedbackhometocareforherelderlyparents.她搬回家住，好照料年邁的雙親。Idon'tcareforheratall.我一點(diǎn)也不喜愛她。[思維拓展]careabout關(guān)切；在乎takecare當(dāng)心；留意takecareof照看；照料[即學(xué)即練]Hecaresforplayingchess.5eq\a\vs4\al(beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；作為緣由，成為起因)[典型例句]Mikeisresponsiblefordesigningtheentireproject.邁克負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)全部工程。Cigarettesmokingisresponsibleforabout90%ofdeathsfromlungcancer.因患肺癌而死亡的人，大約90%是吸煙所致。[思維拓展]responsibilityn．責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)astrongsenseofresponsibility很強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感[即學(xué)即練]Whoisresponsibleforthetrafficaccidentthathappenedyesterday?6treat...as...把……看作/當(dāng)作……[典型例句]Idecidedtotreathiswordsasajoke.我確定把他的話當(dāng)作玩笑話。Theytreatedmeasoneofthefamily.他們把我當(dāng)作家人。[思維拓展]其近義表達(dá)有：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regard...as...,thinkof...as...,lookon...as...,consider...as...,take...as...))treatsb./yourself(tosth.)款待；款待[即學(xué)即練]Hetreatedmeasahero.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)二單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theydecidedtocarryoninspiteoftheweather.2．Don'tblameme.I'monlycarryingoutmyorders.3．Heworriedthatinsteadofmakingmoney，hewouldendupowingit.4．Mydearfather，youbroughtmeintothisworld，caredformeandlovedme.5．Youshouldn'tcaretoomuchaboutyourtestscore.6．Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages.7．Hetreatedmeashisbestfriendandoftentreatedmetodinner.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”,她回答說(shuō)：“我寧愿保持單身，終生學(xué)習(xí)！”)(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是Sheresponded，后面的干脆引語(yǔ)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句。(2)wouldrather意為“寧愿；寧可；還是……為好”。wouldrather＋從句，是一個(gè)常用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型，謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，意為“寧愿某人做某事”。引導(dǎo)從句的that常省略。在談到過(guò)去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Johnwantstoseemetoday.ButIwouldratherhecametomorrow.約翰今日想來(lái)看我。但我寧愿他明天來(lái)。[即學(xué)即練]I'dratherheleft(leave)mealone.2SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMC她馬上成為第一個(gè)被聘為PUMC醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科住院醫(yī)師的女性。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句。主語(yǔ)是She，became是系動(dòng)詞，thefirstwoman是表語(yǔ)，不定式tobehired作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾woman。(2)不定式(短語(yǔ))作后置定語(yǔ)的狀況：①被修飾詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；②不定代詞something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)；③抽象名詞time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)；④被修飾詞前有theonly，thevery，thenext等詞對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾時(shí)；⑤表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)(既有主動(dòng)形式，又有被動(dòng)形式)；⑥therebe句型中，作主語(yǔ)的名詞后可接不定式作定語(yǔ)。ThenexttraintoarriveisfromBeijing.下一趟到達(dá)的火車來(lái)自北京。Gethimsomethingtoeat.給他拿點(diǎn)東西吃。Ihavenocouragetotryagainafterfailure.失敗后我沒(méi)有志氣再去嘗試一次。Sheistheonlywomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.她是唯一一位當(dāng)選這個(gè)職位的女性。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)憂的。[即學(xué)即練]Hewasthefirstfarmerto_grow(grow)vegetables.3Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有時(shí)人們甚至?xí)吹剿T著毛驢到遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊給人看病。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句。she是主語(yǔ)，wasseen是謂語(yǔ)，ridingadonkey是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(2)“感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)：常見的感官動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)isten,watch,look,observe,see,hear,feel等。“感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見形式：eq\o(\s\up7(感官動(dòng)詞＋),\s\do5(賓語(yǔ)＋))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),中，省掉的to要還原,doing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或始終發(fā)生,done表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成))Hewasseentoworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天有人望見他在花園里干活了。Iheardsomeoneopeningthecabinet.我聽見有人在開柜子。Sheiswatchingthecomputerbeingrepaired.她在看別人修電腦。Wefeltthegroundunderourfeetcavein.我們感覺腳下的土地下陷了。[即學(xué)即練]IwasabouttoleavewhenIsawhimrunning(run)towardsmewithabaginhishand.4ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.,雖然林巧稚從未結(jié)婚，她卻被稱為“一萬(wàn)個(gè)孩子的媽媽”，一生中接生了5萬(wàn)多個(gè)孩子。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，前面是though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。havingdelivered...是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成形式，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，常用作狀語(yǔ)，一般不能作后置定語(yǔ)，但可作非限制性的后置定語(yǔ)。Thisquestion,havingbeendiscussedformorethan2years,hasnowbeensolved.探討了兩年多的這個(gè)問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)解決了。(定語(yǔ))Iwasunabletoacceptyourinvitation,havingpromisedtoaccompanymymothertotheconcert.我因已答應(yīng)陪我母親去音樂(lè)會(huì)而不能接受你的邀請(qǐng)。(緣由狀語(yǔ))Havingfinishedtheletter,hefoldeditandputitintotheenvelope.寫完信后，他把信折起來(lái)裝進(jìn)了信封。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))[即學(xué)即練]Having_seen(see)thefilmtwice，Idecidedtostayathome.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)三單句語(yǔ)法填空1．It'sgettinglate.I'dratherthatyouleft(leave)now.2．Hewasthefirstscientistto_put(put)forwardthistheory.3．I