2025年高二英語寒假銜接（外研版）寒假作業(yè)14 閱讀理解說明文專練（原卷版）

第=page88頁，共=sectionpages88頁限時練習(xí)：40min完成時間：月日天氣：作業(yè)14閱讀理解說明文專練1.AssoonasBoranBumovichHignio’sbarefeettouchthesandonthebeach,hespreadshisarmslikeahelicopterandhappilysays,“Let'sgosurfing!”The7-year-old,wearingablackwetsuit,isfollowedbyadozenotherkidswhoskiptheirwayintothebluewavesofthePacificOceanoffthecoastofPeru'scapital,Lima.BorangetshelpwithhiswetsuitfromDiegoVillarán,whofoundedthelocalsurfschool.ThisPeruviansurfschoolispartofawaveofcommunity-basedprojectsaroundtheworldthatuseaperhapssurprisingmethodtohelpkids:surftherapy(療法).Theideaisnotonlyaboutcatchingwavestomakeuseoftheprovenmentalhealthbenefitsofphysicalexercise.Thewidergoalistocreateaspaceforyoungchildrentoexpressthemselvesfreely,tohelpteachthemhowtoprocesstheiremotionsandtocreatepositivesocialconnections.Lima'ssurftherapyprojectisrunbyAltoPeru,alocalnonprofitnamedaftertheneighborhoodinthesouthofthecitywhereVillardn-its41-year-oldfounder-andallofthetraineesurferscomefrom.ManyofthechildrenintheAltoPeruprogramfacechallengingsituations.Someparentsareaddictedtoalcohol.Oneoftheboyshaseventurnedupforlessonswithablackeyeacoupleoftimes.Halfofallmentalhealthdisordersbeginbeforetheageof14anduptoafifthofteenagersgloballyexperiencementalhealthconditions,accordingtotheWorldMentalHealthSurveyInitiative,whichconductedface-to-faceinterviewsin17countriesacrossAfrica,Asia,theAmericasandEurope.Surftherapy,whichcoversprojectsfromSierraLeonetoCaliforniaandTrinidad,isseenbyadvocatesasaconvincingsolutiontohelpingaddressmentalhealthissuesamongyoungpeople.“Ithaschangedmylife,”saysOmarionButler,19,whobegansurfingwithAltoPerutwoyearsago.“Whenmyparentsputmedowninthepast,itwashardformetoexpressmyfeelings.Butsurfingmakesmemoreconfident.Ithelpsmetotaketimeformyself.”1．WhatdoweknowaboutBoranfromthefirstparagraph?A．Heisgoodatflyingaplane. B．Hefeelsexcitedtogosurfing.C．Heishavingaphysicaleducationclass. D．Heenjoystheholidaywithhisfamily.2．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theoriginofsurftherapy. B．Thetipsforcatchingwaves.C．Thepurposesofsurftherapy. D．Theadviceonrelationships.3．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph5?A．Addsomebackgroundinformation. B．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C．Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion. D．Offersomesuggestionstothereaders.4．WhatisOmarionButler’sattitudetoAltoPeru?A．Unconcerned. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.詞匯積累barefeet_________________processv.______________positivesocialconnections_________________name…after…___________beaddictedto_______________mentalhealthdisorder__________turnup______________conductinterviews____________convincing______________advocaten.______________addresshealthissues___________favorable_________________2.Theshinyleavesandbranchingrootsofmangroves(紅樹林)inAustraliaareeye-catching,andnowastudyprovidesuswithnewfindingsaboutthetrees.Long-termtidalcycles(潮汐周期),inlargepart,setinmotiontheexpansionandcontractionofmangroveforestsbythemoondrive,researchersreportinScienceAdvances.Thisdiscoveryiskeytopredictingwhenmangrovesaremostlikelytogrowfast.Mangrovesarecoastaltrees,whicharegoodatabsorbingcarbonandcouldhelpfightclimatechange,thatprovidehabitatforfishandfightagainsterosion(侵蝕).Butinsomeplaces,theforestsfaceplentyofmenaces,includingcoastaldevelopment,pollutionandlandclearingforagriculture.NeilSaintilan,anenvironmentalscientistinSydney,workedouthowthesizeandthicknessofmangroveforestsacrossAustraliachangedovertime.Saintilannoticedacuriouspattern.Mangroveforeststendedtoexpandandcontractinacertainmanner.“Isawthis33-yearregularchange,”Saintilansaid.Thatregularitygottheresearchersthinkingaboutthemoon.Overthecourseof33years,theplane(平面)ofthemoon’sorbitaroundEarthslowlytilts(傾斜).Whenthemoon’sorbitistheleasttiltedrelativetotheequator,semi-diurnaltides(半日潮)—whichconsistoftwohighandlowtideseachday—tendtohavealargerrange.Saintilanfoundthatmangroveforestsexperiencingsemi-diurnaltidestendedtobelargeranddenserpreciselywhenhighertideswereexpectedbasedonthemoon’sorbit,whichcoulddelivermuchmorewaterandnecessarynutrientstomangroves.Itisimportanttorecognizethiseffectonmangrovepopulations.Suchknowledgecouldinformeffortstoprotectandrestoretheforests,thuspromotingthegrowthofthesetrees.Thatmightlooklikeaddedlimitationsonhumanactivitynearbythatcouldharmtheforests.Butpeopleshouldbemorereactive.5．WhichofthefollowingcanbeindicatedfromthenewstudyaboutAustralianmangroves?A．Theycanpredictthemotionofthemoon.B．Theirfavorablegrowthtimeispredictable.C．Theirfunctionsarebeyondnormalimagination.D．Theydowellintransformingcarbonintooxygen.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“menaces”probablymeaninParagraph2?A．Doubts. B．Threats C．Opportunities. D．Solutions.7．Howdoesthemoonaffectmangroves’growthinAustralia?A．Bydecreasingtheappearanceoflowtides.B．BytiltingfrequentlytooffermoretidesfortheEarth.C．Bydrivingtidestoprovidebeneficialelementsforgrowth.D．Bygeneratingsemi-diurnaltidestoreducemangroves’soilloss.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．KnowledgeofProtectingandStoringMangroves.B．ResearchaboutExpansionandContractionofForests.C．DiscoveryontheCausesofHighandLowTides.D．NewFindingsaboutMoonDriveandMangroves.詞匯積累eye-catching________________set…inmotion______________expansion_______________contraction______________absorb_______________tendtodo_______________precisely________________orbit_________________nutrient_______________restore______________reactive________________function________________transform_____________threat______________generate_______________3.Areyouaddictedtosocialmedia?Youmaythinkyoucanquititanytimeyouwant,butyourbodyandbrainmaynotagree.Stayingdeeplyconnectedtoyoursocialnetworkscanbecostly.Researcherstookalookathownon-stopsocialnetworkingcanactuallychangeyourbrain.Socialmediasitesareusedbyonethirdoftheglobalpopulation,and5—10%areunabletocontroltheironlineusageduetoapsychologicaladdiction.Researcherscallthisaddictionasubstanceaddiction,namely,asimilareffectofdrugoralcoholonaddicts.Thereisadeclineinthewhitematter(腦白質(zhì))thatcontrolsemotionalprocessinganddecisionmaking,largelybecausesocialmediaprovidesanimmediatereward.Whenyoupostsomethingonlineandsomeone“l(fā)ikes”it,yougettheimmediatereward—people’spraise,andthenyourbrainbeginstolongfortheserewards.It’sjustlikehowadrugworks.Researchersalsolookedathowmultitaskingaffectsthebrain.Whenyouaredealingwithavarietyoftasks,devices,andwebsites,youhavetoconstantlyswitchyourthinkingmodes,whichusuallyleadstotheunbalanceddistributionofattention.Also,multitaskingcoulddamageyourabilitytocommittomemory.Considerwhathappenswhenyourphonevibrates(振動).Youfeelthevibrationandninetimesoutoften,youpullyourphonesouttocheck,whichwilldistractyoufromwhatyouaredoing.Ofcoursethereisnothingwrongwithusingsocialmediatostayintouchwithfamily,friends,andcolleagues,butaswitheverythingelseinlife,moderation(適度)isthekey.Moderationcannotonlyhelpusontask,butalsohelpcontrolthesideeffectsfromoverstimulatingourbrainswithsocialmedia,mobiledevices,andscreentime.9．What’sthepurposeofParagraph1?A．Toraiseaquestion. B．Togiveanexample.C．Tobringupthetopic. D．Tomakeananalysis.10．What’sthereasonbehindpeople’snon-stopsocialnetworking?A．Theirfragilebrainstructure. B．TheconvenientInternetaccess.C．Thepressurefromfastcitylife. D．Theirmentaldependenceonit.11．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingoutcomescanmultitaskingbringabout?A．Animprovementintimemanagement. B．Adeclineincreativity.C．Adecreaseinworkingefficiency. D．Anincreaseinsensibility.12．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssocialmedia?A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Critical.詞匯積累beaddictedto_______________quit________________costly________________addiction_______________addict_____________namely_______________decline________________reward_____________longfor________________distribution________________constantly________________device_______________sideeffects_________________commit________________stimulate________________fragile_______________workingefficiency____________sensibility______________objective_______________critical________________supportive______________4.In1983,SkiRixenUSAbecamethefirstwaterskicableparkintheUnitedStates.LocatedinDeerfieldBeach,Florida,theparkoffersridersachancetoexperienceallkindsofwatersports.Inthepast40years,SixRixenUSAhaswelcomedmorethan1.5millionvisitors.TheparkwasthebrainchildofengineerBrunoRixen.Bornin1931inGermany,Rixengrewfrustratedwiththesportofwaterskiing,whichrequiredpullingbyamotorboat.“Heusedtowaitforfourhoursinlinetodothreelapsaroundthelake,”explainedAllanWlodarczyk,themanagerofSkiRixenUSA．HeaddedthatridingfiveminutesandwaitinganotherfourhourssparkedRixen’sideaofcableparks.Ratherthanrelyingonaboat,Rixenconsideredhisowncableway.Healsodesignedskisandsetupapowersource.“Thefirstcablewasactuallyanoldfarmtractor,”Wlodarczyksaid.“Rixentookthewheelsoff,attachedsomeropestothewheeldisks,andstartedpullingpeoplebackandfortharoundthelake.”O(jiān)vertheyears,Rixenimprovedhisdesignandearnedseveralpatents.Heopenedtheworld’sfirstcommercialcablewaterparkin1966inBenidorm,Spain.Thesportgrewfromentertainmenttointernationalcontests.Rixendiedin2020,buthisideahastakenholdaroundtheworld.Today,therearemorethan500cablewaterparksondifferentcontinents.Typically,thecabletowsridersataspeedofabout20milesperhour.Butforbeginners,whocantakelessons,thespeedisabout15milesperhour.SkiRixenUSAalsooffersridingopportunitiesandeventstopeoplewithspecialneedstoskieffortlessly.“Wehaveaspeciallydesignedski,calledasitski,”Wlodarczyksaid.“It’salargerboardwithalotofsurfacearea.Theridersarecompletelyseatedinthewateranddon’tactuallyhavetoholdontotherope.”13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“brainchild”inparagraph2mean?A．Idea. B．Area. C．Birthplace D．Destination14．WhatdidWlodarczykmainlyintendtotellusinparagraph3?A．HowRixenprotectedthelake.B．HowRixensetupapowersource.C．HowmuchRixenlikedwaterskiing.D．HowRixencreatedhiscablewaterpark.15．InwhatwayisRixenthepioneerofthecablewaterpark?A．Hebroughtfuntovisitors.B．Heinventedacabletractor.C．Heturneditintoabusiness.D．Hemadecablestravelfastest.16．Whatdoweknowaboutthesitski?A．Itiseasytoride. B．Itrunsextremelyquickly.C．Itoffersanarrowboard. D．Itisdangerousfortheriders.詞匯積累frustrated_________________sparktheidea________________attach______________backandforth_______________commercial_______________cable_______________typically_____________effortlessly_______________5.Plantbiologistshavefoundawaythatmayenablepoorfarmerstodoawaywiththeneedtopurchaseexpensivehybridseedseveryyear.ResearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniareportthattheyhavesolvedalong-standingproblemofhybridseedsbymakingexactclonesofthehybridplantsfromseeds.Forlong,manycropshavebeengrownfromhigh-yielding,anti-diseaseorclimate-toleranthybridseeds.Buttheseedsofhybridcropsdonotproduceplantswiththesamequalitiesduringreproductionandhencefarmerscannotsavetheseedsforthenextgrowingseason.Theyenduppayingfornewhybridseedseachsowingseason.Thediscovery,longsoughtbyplantresearchers,couldmakeiteasiertogrowdesirablehigh-yieldingcropsandmakethemavailabletotheworld’sfarmers.Farmerscouldthusreplantseedsfromtheirownhybridplantsandenjoythebenefitsofhighproductionyearafteryear,thescientistsreport.Whilethediscoverywouldhelpfarmers,itwouldalsoimpactthecommercialinterestofthehybridseedindustry.Siddiq,aformerDeputyDirectorGeneralintheCropScienceDivisionoftheICAR,saidatfirstsight,thismightseemlikeasetbackforhybridseedcompaniesbuttherewouldbeplentyofthingstheycanstilldo.“Riceisgrownoversuchavastclimaticandgeographicalrangethatspecializedhybridswouldhavetobedevelopedforeachregion,”hesaid.Thecompanies,hesaid,wouldcontinuetoimprovetheirhybrids.“Itwillbeinterestingtoseehowallthisplaysoutintheyearstocome.”Currently,thehighcostsofproducinghybridseedsareama