2025年高二英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)第05講 語法填空(含單句填空和語篇填空)(知識講解+名校新題練)(學(xué)生版)

第05講語法填空(含單句填空和語篇填空)目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉題型、掌握知識脈絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識：知識點全面梳理，掌握必備重點記憶：關(guān)鍵點快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點剖析+過關(guān)檢測，合理應(yīng)用語法填空題的測試重點在于考查同學(xué)們能否將高一階段所學(xué)的語言知識運用到實際的英語讀寫活動中去。語法填空試題基本上涉及了高一階段所學(xué)的各類語法項目，而且考點分布比較均衡。從設(shè)題方式來看，分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩類。已給單詞提示題型的技巧這種考查形式主要考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化、形容詞或副詞的比較級與最高級變化、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(含主謂一致)以及動詞的非謂語形式。同樣，我們先判斷設(shè)空處在句中的功能，再確定該用什么形式。(1)謂語動詞一般考查1-2個，考生需要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否缺謂語動詞。一旦確定句子缺少謂語動詞，需要從3個方面考慮：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致。確定時態(tài)要先觀察本句中有無時間狀語，不同的時間狀語對應(yīng)不同的時態(tài)。沒有時間狀語的，根據(jù)上下文中的時態(tài)確定空格的時態(tài)，常考查的時態(tài)有一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時。確定好時態(tài)后要考慮語態(tài)，也就是謂語動詞與主語之間的關(guān)系，是主動還是被動。確定時態(tài)語態(tài)之后，還需考慮主謂一致的問題，即根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式確定謂語動詞的形式。Atalk

(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的謂語，所以橫線所在的動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出，報告是“將來”作的，故用不定式；且報告是give動作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動式——tobegiven。(2)非謂語動詞一般考查2個左右，這是語法填空中的一大難點。首先，要先觀察設(shè)空句的主句和從句中有沒有謂語動詞來判斷是否選用非謂語動詞；其次要根據(jù)句子成分(主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語等)明確合適的非謂語動詞形式(不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞)。總之，可以把握一個總體方向，即V-ing形式往往表主動或動作進(jìn)行，過去分詞一般表示被動或完成，不定式一般作目的狀語或后置定語。2、形容詞、副詞命題主要圍繞兩點：一是形容詞、副詞的比較級與最高級；二是構(gòu)詞，如形容詞變副詞、動詞變形容詞、名詞變形容詞等詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和un,dis,in,im,ir,il等否定前綴。例：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)esstall”。3、名詞除動詞變名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換外，名詞主要考查單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的變化。Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the

(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1.由students一詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式——復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。4、代詞考查代詞時有時會給出提示詞，這種情況多考查人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)以及反身代詞。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化，如noone／none、other／another等。例：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby

(he).由介詞by可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。5.數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one／two的特殊變化形式

once／twice例：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf，mysecondsonshalltakea

(three).從上下文連續(xù)起來理解，這是一個分馬的計劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。6.詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學(xué)生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，SOhewasvery____(happiness).在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞；錢包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開心的，所以要再加個前綴un，就成了unhappy。未給單詞提示題型的技巧這種形式主要考查同學(xué)們對語篇的理解、對邏輯關(guān)系的把握以及對固定搭配和常見句式的掌握程度。考查的內(nèi)容主要是冠詞、介詞、代詞、情態(tài)動詞、連詞、連接代/副詞、關(guān)系詞和句式。因為沒有提示詞，所以同學(xué)們需要根據(jù)短文大意、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和對一些長難句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析來判斷設(shè)空處在句中的功能，從而界定其詞性，確定其意義，最后確定其內(nèi)容。1：固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個固定短語，但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。例1：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying______,dirtybuthappy.從句中的happy可以猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應(yīng)用enj0yoneself短語，故其答案為themselves。2：短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成的短語，此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例1：Theusconsists____fiftystates.根據(jù)常識可知，美國由50個州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由......組成”，所以答案是of。3：短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語介詞即多個詞的組合。起介詞作用的短語，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例1：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.此題中說到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語insteadof。4：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。例1：____MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both?and，故答案為Both。5：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed.這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成atahighspeed，“以高速”開車。如何確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)慧眼識別標(biāo)志詞認(rèn)清常考時態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時間狀語(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等時間狀語，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時。(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,lastyear,in2022,theotherday,twodaysago,，一段時間+later等時間狀語，要想到用一般過去時。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon等時間狀語，要想到用一般將來時。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等時間狀語,要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelastpastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for+時間段，eversince..，等時間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等時間狀語，要想到用過去完成時。瞻前顧后找并列(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)。(2)同一個主語的兩個或兩個以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時態(tài)要一致。通過“常用句式”法掌握常用句式也是解決時態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...(2)had(just)donesth.when+一般過去時(3)This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(4)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...(5)祈使句+and/or+陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(6)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.通過“語境暗示”法分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，而沒有標(biāo)志性的時間狀語，且其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題,也是解決時態(tài)問題的一種行之有效的方法。如何確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)1.依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，辨析主動或被動(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮用主動語態(tài)；若是被動關(guān)系則考慮用被動語態(tài)。(2)被動語態(tài)的基本形式為:be+過去分詞，不同形式的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)見下面的【注意】。(3)運用上面的技法來判斷是什么時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),再根據(jù)主謂一致判斷be動詞的形式。2.牢記主動表被動含義的句式結(jié)構(gòu)(1)當(dāng)feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時；(2)當(dāng)cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物動詞表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時；(3)當(dāng)breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等動詞短語表示“發(fā)生，關(guān)閉，制定”等意思時?？键c一、單句語法填空1.(2023上·河北邯鄲·高二磁縣第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))Edmontonis(freeze)coldinwinter,withdailytemperaturesaveragingminus10degrees.2.Thepatientmayhaveseenmanyskilledspecialists,noneofcancurehimoftheraredisease.3.Millionsofpeoplehavetried(repeat)toquitsmokingandfailedmiserably.4.Soifastudenthashishead(lower)tolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.5.(2023上·河北邯鄲·高二磁縣第一中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))ChenWeihadhisdinner(interrupt)whenheheardsomeonescreamingfromanothertable.6.(2023上·重慶黔江·高二重慶市黔江中學(xué)校?？茧A段練習(xí))Somestudentsactthiswaymerelybecausetheyareafraidof(callon)bytheteacher.7.Allthe(participate)wererequiredtosigninastheyenteredthehalltoattendthemeeting.8.(2023上·廣東東莞·高二校考階段練習(xí))Inhisearlytwenties,hewastoo(ambition)tostayinhishometowntobeaclerkinasmallcompany.9.Heissuchoptimisticandbravepersonthatnogreatdifficultiescoulddefeathim.10.Thetickets(sell)outbeforeIcametothecinema.11.(2023上·廣東東莞·高二?？茧A段練習(xí))PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacescienceQianXuesen.12.Mostadultscomedowntwotothreecoldsayear,andchildrenevenmore.13.Thechildrendonotknowhowtobehave(them)rightly.14.Myhometownisnolongeritusedtobe.15.(2023上·廣東東莞·高二校考階段練習(xí))Large(quantity)ofsoilarewashedbyraineveryyear.16.Ihavetheimpressionpeopletherearealwaysonthego.17.Thefloodvictimshavereceivedbothsympathyand(assist)fromtheinternationalcommunityduringthefloodseason.18.Jackinsistedthathe(steal)thecellphone.19.Withsomuchgoingon,thespacestationneedslotsof(main),soweconstantlychecksupportsystemsanddosomecleaning.20.The(strange)oflivinginspaceisapparentfromthemomentwesleep.考點二、語段語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Passage1(2023上·安徽宣城·高二安徽省宣城中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))Lastmonth,28–year–oldmodelHuangQiandecidedtoaddbaduanjin(八段錦)toherdailyroutine.Atfirst,shesawvideosofpeoplepracticing1socialmediaplatforms.Soshe2(natural)associateditwiththekindofexercisefavoredbytheelderlybecauseofslowmovements.Nevertheless,nowHuangenjoyspracticingtheexercise,3

stretchesandrelaxesherwholebody.Baduanjin,4formofqigong,isasetoftraditionalChinesefitnessexercises5(combine)physicalmovementwithbreathingandmeditation.It6(date)backtotheSongDynasty(960–1279).Baduanjinusesbreathingandconcentrationtechniques7(improve)bodyandmindthrougheightwell-designedsequences.8(compare)withothertypesofqigongexercise,suchastaichiandwuqinxi,baduanjinismoresuitedtobeginnersthankstoitssimple,gentlemovements.HuangwasalsoexcitedtofindoutthatoneofherfavoritefitnessinfluencersGermanPamelaReif,9(add)baduanjintoherworkoutvideosalready.Thevideohasreceivedmorethan900,000views,49,000likesand24,000reportssinceitwaspostedonBilibilionAug8.Likemanytraditions,suchashanfuandmusic,baduanjinisreceivingagrowing10(recognize)frompeopleofallagesandismakingareturntodailylife.Passage2(2023上·河北邯鄲·高二磁縣第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí))China’straditionaltea-makinghasenteredtheculturalheritagelistoftheUNESCO.Itwilldrivemorepeople1(admire)thisculturalheritageandwillpromotepeople’srespectfortraditionalcultureandhuman2(create).“We’llapplyforandpromotemoreoftheculturalheritageprojects3showChinesespiritandwisdom,soastomakeChineseculturemoreable4(see)globally,”oneexpertsaid.China’straditionalteaprocessingmethodsand5(relate)socialpracticesfocusontheknowledge,skillsandpracticesaroundteagrowing,tea-leafpicking,processing,drinkingandsharing.Sincethousandsofyearsago,based6naturalconditionsandlocalcustoms,teaproducers7(develop)sixtypesoftea:green,yellow,dark,white,oolongandblackteas.Togetherwithreprocessedteas,suchasflower-scented(有花香的)teas,thereareover2,000teaproductsinChinawith8varietyofcolors,smells,tastesandshapes.TeaiscommoninChinese9(people)dailylifeandisservedinhomes,teahouses,etc.It’sanimportantpartofcommunicationandeventssuchasfestivals.Thepracticeofwelcomingguests10buildingrelationshipswithinfamiliesandamongneighborsthroughactivitiesconnectedwithteaiscommon,providingsharedidentity.Passage3(2023上·湖北·高二校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))Theseries“EscapefromtheBritishMuseum”,1(comprise)ofthreeepisodes,hasattractedover310millionviewssinceitsreleaseinlateAugustonDouyin.Itgives2accountofajadeteapottransformingintoawomanandescapingtheBritishMuseumwiththeassistanceofaChinesejournalist.Toourrelief,3hassparkedanappealforthereturnofChineseculturalrelicsisthewidespreadpopularityoftheseries.Recently,aformalnotice4(submit)totheChineseFilmAdministrationtomakeafull-lengthanimatedversionof“EscapefromtheBritishMuseum”.Unliketheoriginalseries5(concentrate)onasingleartifact,themoviewillfeaturemultipleChineserelicsthatlongfor6(they)homelandandchoosetoreturntoChina.ThedistinguishedwriterWangXuewenwillbeentrustedwithcraftingthescreenplay,thoughitisnotrevealedwhethertheseriesoriginatorswillalsobeinvolvedinthe7(adapt).Chinesestatemediahavealso8(enthusiastic)advocatedtheDouyinseries.“WearethrilledtoseeChineseyoungpeoplearepassionate9historyandtradition,”remarkedstatebroadcasterCCTV.“WealsoeagerlyawaittheearlyreturnofChineseartifacts10havebeendisplacedoverseas.”Passage4(2023上·福建泉州·高二校考階段練習(xí))Thesizeoffishintheoceansisshrinking.AnewreportfromCanadastatesfishmayshrinkbyasmuchasaquarterinthecomingdecades,1mainlyresultsfromglobalwarming.Theresearchteamconcludedtestsontheimpactofrisingoceantemperaturesonthesizeandnumberofover600speciesoffish.Theyconcludedthatmostfisharelikelytoshrinkby14-24percentbytheyear2050.Thebiggestchanges2(see)clearlyintropicalregions.Thereis3(little)oxygeninwarmerwatersofishcannotgrownormallyandmanywillmigratetocoolerwaters.LeadresearcherProfessorWilliamsaid,“weweresurprisedtoseesuchalargedecreaseinfishsize.Marinefishare4(universal)knowntorespondtoclimatechangebychangingdistribution(分布)andseasonality.But5unexpectedlybigeffectthatclimatechangecouldhave6bodysizesuggeststhatwemaybemissingabigpieceofthepuzzleofunderstandingclimatechangeeffectsintheocean.”Headdedthatoverfishingandpollutionwill7(worse)theproblem.“Ourworkshowsavery8(worry)futurefortheoceans,9itisveryimportanttoreducegreenhousegasemissionsanddevelopbetterfishmanagementpolicies10(adapt)tothesechanges,”hesaid.Passage5(2023上·湖南張家界·高二張家界市民族中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))ZhangZeduan'sQingmingScrollisamasterworkofChineseart1(consist)ofthreemainsections,the2(combine)ofwhichgivesthevieweranideaofwhatlifewaslikeforthepeopleofBianjing.Zhangusedhis3(amaze)precisebrushworktoprovidepeoplewithacomprehensivelookatlifeduringtheNorthernSongDynastyinthepainting,from4wecanknowaboutthe12th-centuryChinesecustoms,clothing,transportationmethods,businesspractices,and5widerangeofbuildings.However,somecriticssuggestthatthepainting6(actual)exposesseriouspoliticalandsocialproblems.Zhang'stimelessscrollisoneoftheexamplesofrealisminthehistoryofChinesepaintings,whosevalueisdown7itsrepresentationofdailylifeaswellasitgreatscale,artisticqualityandattentiontodetail.WiththeQingmingScroll,ZhangmadegreatcontributionstoChineseartand8(have)agreateffectongenerationsoffutureartists.Thelasttimeitwasondisplay,crowdswaitedforalongtimejusttoseethefamouspaintingwith9(they)owneyes.People'senthusiasmabouttheQingmingScrollclearlyshowsthepowerofthis10(history)pieceofart.Passage6(2023上·湖南永州·高二永