2025年人民版必修2英語下冊階段測試試卷含答案

…………○…………內…………○…………裝…………○…………內…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內※※答※※題※※…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………第=page22頁，總=sectionpages22頁第=page11頁，總=sectionpages11頁2025年人民版必修2英語下冊階段測試試卷含答案考試試卷考試范圍：全部知識點；考試時間：120分鐘學校：______姓名：______班級：______考號：______總分欄題號一二三四五六總分得分評卷人得分一、選擇題(共6題，共12分)1、______tochangehisplans,MarkTwainworkedforseveralyearsasapilotonasteamboat,______passengersupanddowntheMississippi.A.Forced;takingB.Toforce;tookC.Forced;takenD.Forcing;taking2、Mywife________onthenightshiftwhenmyplane________.That’swhynooneistomeetmeattheairporttoday.A.wasworking;arrivedB.willbeworking;arrivesC.willhaveworked;hasarrivedD.isworking;isarriving3、LaterIstartedgoingoverthedetailsinmyheadanditsuddenly_____methathepromisedtopickmeupontheothersideofthemotorway.A.struckB.confusedC.impressedD.shamed4、Theincidentmadeitclearthattherat,mouseandrabbitproblemneeded________onceandforall.A.tacklingB.promotingC.dedicatingD.expanding5、AlthoughIusedtodreamabouttravelingabroadtoseegreatcanyonsandmountains,nowI’mdeterminedto_______thebeautyofourmotherland.A.appreciateB.blameC.distractD.suspect6、—CanIpayavisittoyouthisFridayafternoon,manager?

—Sorry,I________somebusinesspartnersfromHuaweiCompanythewholeafternoon.A.havemetB.havebeenmeetingC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet評卷人得分二、其他(共2題，共4分)7、Askingforhelpisasignofstrengthratherthanweakness.InAmericanculture,theindependentindividualisseenastheirideal.AstheUniversityofMissouriatSt.LouisstatesonitswebsiteundertheheadingKeyAmericanValues,“Americanshavebeentrainedsinceveryearlyintheirlivestoconsiderthemselvesasseparateindividualswhoareresponsiblefortheirownsituationsinlifeandtheirowndestinies.”Thevaluealsomakesthemthinktheycandoeverythingthemselves,andmakesthemfeelbadlyaboutaskingforhelpwhentheyneedit.

Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?。A．WhatkeyAmericanvaluesare.B．WhyAmericansrefusetoaskforhelp.C．Askingforhelpisasignofstrength.D．Americansareresponsiblefortheirlife.8、ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?。A．Abiologytextbook.B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper.D．Atravelbrochure.評卷人得分三、短對話(共2題，共4分)9、Yourbrowserdoesnotsupporttheaudioelement.

Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Gotothebiologydepartment.B.Teachherselfthecourses.C.Waitforhishelp.10、Yourbrowserdoesnotsupporttheaudioelement.

Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whattostudyatcollege.B.Howtoselectcoursesonline.C.Wheretolearnforeignlanguages.評卷人得分四、句型轉換(共1題，共8分)11、假定你是新華中學學生李津；通過新聞得知天津正在實行垃圾分類制度。請你代表學生會寫一份演講稿呼吁大家積極配合。內容如下:

(1)垃圾分類的好處；(2)我們應該怎么做。

參考詞匯:垃圾分類garbagesorting有害垃圾hazardouswaste

【小題1】審題:體裁:________人稱:________時態(tài):_______

【小題2】為了我們城市健康的發(fā)展；我代表學生會呼吁公眾支持垃圾分類這個活動。(漢譯英)

______________________________

【小題3】Garbagesortingseparatesrecyclabletrashfromothertrash.Itisbeneficialtoenvironmentalprotection.(用非限制性定語從句改寫)

______________________________

【小題4】Pickingouthouseholdfoodandhazardouswastepreventsthespreadofdiseaseandimprovesourlivingconditions.(用分詞做狀語改寫)

______________________________

【小題5】Ourcitywillbecomemorebeautifulwhenwesupportthiscampaigntoprotecttheenvironment.(only置于句首的部分倒裝改寫)

______________________________評卷人得分五、讀后續(xù)寫(共1題，共4分)12、閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Afarmergrewsomevegetablesinhisgarden.Onedayhiswifewasillandhehadnomoney.Hehadtosellsomecabbagesandcarrotsinthemarket.Thenextmorninghetooktwobasketsofvegetablestothetown.ButitwasSnowinghardthatafternoonandtherewerefewpeopleinthestreet.Whenhisvegetablesweresoldout,itwasdark.Heboughtsomemedicineandhurriedtohisvillage.Onhiswayhomehesawapersonlyinginthesnow.Heplacedhisbasketsonthegroundandwasgoingtohelpthepersontogetup.Atthattimehefounditwasadeadmanandtherewasmuchbloodonhisbody.Hewassoafraidthatheranawayquickly,withouttakingthebasketswithhim.Thenextafternoonthefarmerwassenttothepolicestation.Havingshownthebaskets,anofficerasked,"Aretheseyours?”"Yes,sir,"thefarmeransweredtimidly(膽怯地)."Haveyoukilledtheman?”"No,no,sir,"thefarmersaidinahurry."Whendidyouseethedeadman?”“Aboutsevenlastevening.""Didyouseewhokilledtheman?”"No,sir."Theofficerbroughtoutaknifeandasked,"Haveyouseenityet?”“No,sir."Theofficerbecameangryandtoldapolicemantobeatupthefarmerandsenthimintoprison.Theofficerwantedtotrapthefarmerintotheconfession(供認),butthefarmerdidn’tadmithewasthemurderer.

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Theofficerwassoangrythatheaskedthepolicemantobeathimupagain.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thefarmerwaslucky.Afewdayslater,ayoungmancametothepolicestationwithalotofjournalists.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________評卷人得分六、概要寫作(共2題，共20分)13、閱讀下面短文；根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

Manyteenagersinhighschooltodaytryoutforsportsbecausetheythinkitwillmakethempopularwiththeirfriends.Butthereareofcoursemanyotherbenefitstobegainedfromsportsinschool.Withhomecomputers,videogames,andTVsbecomingmoreandmorepopular,ithasbecomesomucheasierforteenstobebythemselvesratherthangoingoutwithfriends.Teensusedtogohangingoutatthemallordrivearoundtown,butnowtheyjustsitathome.Whiletheymaynotfindanewbestfriendwhengoingout,theywilllearnhowtointeractwithfellows,whichtheywillfindusefullaterinlife.Therefore,gettingteensintoasportgivesthemanopportunitytogooutandsocialize.Oneofthebiggestproblemsinoursocietytodayisobesity(肥胖),anditisnotjustaproblemwithadults.Moreandmoreteensarebecomingoverweightduetopooreatinghabitsandalackofexercise.Joininginasportwillhelpthemgooutandtakesomeexercisewithoutfeelingpressuredtoloseweightorgetinshape.Sportsalsoprovidesparentswithagreatwaytobondwiththeirchildrenbyshowinguptosupportthematgamesandhelpingthemwiththeirpractices.Thesedays,itisbecomingharderforparentstoshowloveandsupporttoteens.Throughsports,theycannotonlyspendtimewiththeirkidsandtalktothem,butalsohaveachancetochatwiththeirfriendsandlearnaboutwhotheyarehangingoutwith.Parentsmaythink“butmykidisn’tgoodenoughtomaketheirschoolteam”.Actually,thereareplentyofotherplacesbesidesschoolstoplaysports.Justtakealookaroundtheareaanditiscertainlynothardtofindmanysportingactivitiessuitableforteenstojoinin._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14、Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

“Thereisasenselessconceptthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.Analystsraisedavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Oneimportantreasonisthatthemarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople,whichissecondtoskyrocketinghousingcoststowhichyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsattached.Besides,ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearesendingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsome,theexpenseofanaway-from-homecollegeeducationhasbecomesogreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Livingathome,saysKnighton,aschoolteacher,continuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed,“Itisridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.”Butsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethequarrelsoverbathrooms,telephonesandprivacy.Somefamilies,however,managethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothers,itprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco,24,hasbeenhomethreetimes—andleftthreetimes.“WhatIconsideredasocialdrink,mydadconsideredanalcoholproblem,”sheexplains.“HeneverlikedanyoneIdated,soIeitherhadtohideawaytomeetthematfriends’houses.”Itisreallyhardtosayhowlongadultchildrenshouldlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon.Nevertheless,itiscommonlyrecognizedthatlengthyhomecomingsareamistakeandtheyaccidentallydestroytheadvantageofbriefvisitsthatwillstrengthentherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Children,strugglingtoestablishseparateidentities,canendupwith“asenseofinadequacy,defeatandfailure.”Andagingparents,whoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedom,findthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities,whichisdefinitelyastressforthem.參考答案一、選擇題(共6題，共12分)1、A【分析】【分析】

【詳解】

考查過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：被強迫改變他的計劃，馬克吐溫在汽船上開船開了好幾年，帶旅客在密西西比河上來來往往。這句話的謂語動詞是worked，所以兩個空格處都應使用非謂語動詞。MarkTwain與force之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞作狀語。MarkTwain作為船長；與take之間是主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故選A。

【點睛】

非謂語動詞的選擇主要分為兩步：1.首先要分析句子成分，看主句謂語動詞是什么，空格處是不是填非謂語動詞。一般來說，一個句子只有一個謂語動詞，若不是分號隔開或并列連詞連接的，其它與動作有關的詞都應使用非謂語動詞。2.確定非謂語動詞修飾的名詞與空格處單詞是主動關系還是被動關系，如果是主動關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是被動關系用過去分詞，如果不是主被動關系，表達一件事情的目的一般用不定式。例如解本題時，就是依據(jù)這兩步解題。主要依據(jù)的是句子主語MarkTwain與兩個主語之間的主被動關系。2、B【分析】【詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：我的飛機到達時，我妻子將上夜班。這就是為什么今天沒有人到機場接我。A.wasworking正在工作（過去進行時態(tài)）;arrived到達（arrive的過去式或過去分詞）；B.willbeworking正在工作（將來進行時態(tài)）;arrives到達（arrive的第三人稱單數(shù)）；C.willhaveworked工作（將來完成時態(tài)）;hasarrived到達（現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)）；D.isworking正在工作（現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)）;isarriving到達（現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)）。根據(jù)“whynooneistomeetmeattheairporttoday”可知，妻子在今天我的航班到達時正在上夜班，所以沒法接機。主句的時態(tài)為將來進行時態(tài)，時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，時間狀語從句的主語為myplane，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。3、A【分析】【詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，我開始在腦海中仔細考慮細節(jié)，突然讓我想到，他答應在高速公路的另一邊接我。A.struck突然想起；擊；侵襲；B.confused使困惑；C.impressed使印象深刻；D.shamed使蒙羞。Itstrikes/strucksb.that是固定句型，意為“某人突然想到”，句首的it可視為形式主語。故選A。4、A【分析】【詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這次事件表明，需要立刻解決老鼠和兔子的問題。A.tackling處理，解決；B.promoting促進，提高；C.dedicating獻身，致力于；D.expanding拓展。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“解決”，故應用動詞“tackle解決，處理”，且此處為“sth.needdoing某事需要被做”形式，為主動表被動，故應填tackling。故選A。5、A【分析】【詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我曾經夢想著出國旅游，看看偉大的峽谷和山脈，現(xiàn)在我決心欣賞我們祖國的美麗。A.appreciate欣賞；B.blame責備；C.distract使分心；D.suspect懷疑。根據(jù)從句可知，描述旅游看看峽谷和山脈，因此推斷主句為欣賞祖國的美麗，故選A。6、C【分析】【詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：——經理，這個星期五下午我可以去拜訪您嗎？——抱歉，我整個下午都要會見華為公司的一些商業(yè)伙伴。根據(jù)時間狀語thisFridayafternoon和thewholeafternoon可知，表示將來某一時間段正在做某事，所以用將來進行時。故選C。二、其他(共2題，共4分)7、略

【分析】【導語】

本文作者認為尋求幫助是力量的表現(xiàn)；而不是軟弱的表現(xiàn)。但是，美國人卻不愿尋求幫助，文章解釋了其原因。

【詳解】

段落大意題。本段第一句“Askingforhelpisasignofstrengthratherthanweakness.(尋求幫助是力量的表現(xiàn)，而不是軟弱的表現(xiàn)。)”是本文的主旨大意，并不能概括第一段的內容。根據(jù)后文“InAmericanculture,theindependentindividualisseenastheirideal.(在美國文化中，獨立的個體被視為他們的理想。)”、“Americanshavebeentrainedsinceveryearlyintheirlivestoconsiderthemselvesasseparateindividualswhoareresponsiblefortheirownsituationsinlifeandtheirowndestinies.(美國人在很早的時候就接受過訓練，認為自己是獨立的個體，對自己的生活狀況和命運負責。)”和最后一句“Thevaluealsomakesthemthinktheycandoeverythingthemselves,andmakesthemfeelbadlyaboutaskingforhelpwhentheyneedit.(這種價值觀也讓他們認為自己可以自己做任何事情，并讓他們在需要幫助時對尋求幫助感到難過。)”可知，在美國，由于受到傳統(tǒng)文化的影響，人們一般都不愿求助于人，本段主要解釋了“美國人為什么一般都不愿求助于人”這個問題。故選B?！窘馕觥緽8、略

【分析】【導語】

節(jié)選段落主要介紹了常見的水果中富含的幾種營養(yǎng)元素。

【詳解】

文章出處題。根據(jù)節(jié)選第一段中的“ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.(這些來自不列顛哥倫比亞省田野的彩色甜美寶石是營養(yǎng)保護的小型動力源。)”并結合節(jié)選第二段描述的幾種富含各種維生素的水果可以斷定這篇文章可能來自健康雜志。故選B項.【解析】B三、短對話(共2題，共4分)9、A【分析】【原文】

W:HowdoIfindoutwhatcoursesIshouldtakeformybiologymajor?

M:Gotothebiologydepartmentandaskthemtoassignsomeonetohelpyou.Andtheywilltellyouwhatyouneedtotakeforyourdegree.10、A【分析】【原文】

W:I’mnotsurewhattostudyatuniversity.Ireallylikeforeignlanguages,likeFrench,butI’malsodrawntoothercourses.

M:Ialwaysthoughtmathswasyourfavouritesubject.

W:Itusedtobe,butIpreferhistorynow...Actually,perhapsthatiswhatIshouldchoose.四、句型轉換(共1題，共8分)11、略

【分析】【小題1】結合題干要求“假定你是新華中學學生李津；通過新聞得知天津正在實行垃圾分類制度。請你代表學生會寫一份演講稿呼吁大家積極配合。”可知這是一篇演講稿體裁寫作，且經過分析可知應主要以第一；二人稱為主，同時時態(tài)應用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時。

【小題2】考查固定短語。固定短語onbehalfof“代表”；thestudents'union“學生會”；appealto“呼吁”；garbagesorting“垃圾分類”。結合漢語意思可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為I，謂語動詞用原形。故翻譯為I,onbehalfofthestudents'union,appealtoeverystudenttosupportthegarbagesortingforthehealthydevelopmentofourcity.。

【小題3】考查非限定性定語從句。本句為非限定性定語從句修飾上文整個句子，且從句中缺少主語，故用which引導。故填Garbagesortingseparatesrecyclabletrashfromothertrash,whichisbeneficialtoenvironmentalprotection.。

【小題4】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知improve在句中做非謂語動詞，且與整個前句內容構成主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語。故填Pickingouthouseholdfoodandhazardouswastepreventsthespreadofdisease,improvingourlivingconditions.。

【小題5】考查部分倒裝。“only+狀語/狀語從句”位于句首時，句子的主語和謂語或主句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。故填Onlywhenwesupportthiscampaigntoprotecttheenvironmentwillourcitybecomemorebeautiful.?！窘馕觥俊拘☆}1】演講稿:一；二一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時。

【小題2】I,onbehalfofthestudents'union,appealtoeverystudenttosupportthegarbagesortingforthehealthydevelopmentofourcity.

【小題3】Garbagesortingseparatesrecyclabletrashfromothertrash,whichisbeneficialtoenvironmentalprotection.

【小題4】Pickingouthouseholdfoodandhazardouswastepreventsthespreadofdisease,improvingourlivingconditions.

【小題5】Onlywhenwesupportthiscampaigntoprotecttheenvironmentwillourcitybecomemorebeautiful五、讀后續(xù)寫(共1題，共4分)12、略

【分析】【分析】

文章以人物為線索展開；講述了一個農民為了給妻子治病去城鎮(zhèn)上賣蔬菜，晚上回家時在路上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個死人。農民很害怕，跑走了，但是第二天卻被抓進了警察局。警察想屈打成招，但是農民堅持自己是清白的，拒不招供。一個年輕人救了他，證明了他的清白。

【詳解】

1.段落續(xù)寫：

①由第一段首句內容“警官非常生氣；他要求警察再打他一頓?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼戅r民被打得鼻青臉腫，但是依然堅持自己是清白的。

②由第二段首句內容“農夫很幸運。幾天后；一個年輕人帶著很多記者來到警察局?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫有一個人證明了農民的清白，農民被釋放了。

2.續(xù)寫線索：

被打——害怕——堅持——作證——釋放——回家。

3.詞匯激活。

行為類。

①判刑：besentencedto/becondemnedto

②承認：admit/acknowledge

③拯救：save/rescue

情緒類。

害怕：frightened/afraid/scared

【點睛】

[高分句型1]

Thinkingthathewouldbesentencedtodeath,hefeltextremelyfrightened.（運用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）

[高分句型2]

Onnoaccountdidheadmitwhathedidn’tdo.（運用了部分倒裝）

[高分句型3]Itwasthepoliceofficerwhokilledthemaninthesnow!（運用了強調句）【解析】Onepossibleversion:Theofficerwassoangrythatheaskedthepolicemantobeathimupagain.Thinkingthathewouldbesentencedtodeathbykillingpeople,hefeltextremelyfrightened,buthedidn’t,hewasinnocent.Onnoaccountdidheadmitwhathedidn’tdo.Hemusttellpeoplethetruth,butnoonecouldhearhisvoice.Hehopedthatsomeonecouldcomeandsavehim.Thefarmerwaslucky.Afewdayslater,ayoungmancametothepolicestationwithalotofjournalists,sayingthathesawthemurderer.Itwasthepoliceofficerwhokilledthemaninthesnow!Hesawthepoliceofficerusedaknifekillingthemanlateintheevening.Hewassofrightenedandranaway.Buttheyoungmanthoughtthefarmerwasinnocent.Sohetookthegreatcouragetoexposetherealcriminal.Aftertheinvestigation,theyoungmanwasright.Thepoliceofficerwassentintoprisonandthepolicemanwhobeatupthefarmerwasfired,andthebraveyoungmanwasregardedasaherobythevillagers.六、概要寫作(共2題，共20分)13、略

【分析】【分析】

本文是一篇概要寫作。主要內容是體育運動的好處。

【詳解】

第一步：閱讀。

認真閱讀給定的原文材料；如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對原文的理解就越深刻。

劃出那些能概括文章主題思想的單詞；短語或短句子；決定原文中哪些部分重要；哪些部分次重要，對重要的部分的主要觀點進行概括。

簡要記下主要觀點——主題；標題、細節(jié)等你認為對概要寫作重要的東西。

第二步：寫作步驟。

瀏覽課文；找出主題：青少年進行體育運動的好處。

分析文章的結構，把它分成幾個部分，找出每個部分的主要思想，用自己的文字簡短地寫出來，本文分為五個部分。第一部分（總括）：Exceptforpopularitywithfriends,teenagersalsocanbenefitalotiftheydosportsasmuchastheycan.第二部分：First,it’sagoodopportunitytomaketeensgooutandsocialize.第三部分：Second,takingexerciseoftencanloseweightandkeepinshapewithoutpressure.第四部分：Next,sportsisabondthatlinksbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.第五部分（總結）：Allinall,everyonecanjoininthesportingactivitieswhetherheorsheisgoodenoughornot.

第三步：修改成文。

與原文比較看是否把所有重要的觀點都概括了；概要寫作中的觀點是否與原文中的完全一致。再檢查拼寫；語法和標點符號的錯誤。

【點睛】

范文較為簡潔地將原文進行概括；并且抓住了文章整體的主題和各段的主旨，其中不乏高級句型和詞匯：

邏輯銜接詞：first,second,next,allinall.

定語從句：sportsisabondthatlinksbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.

whether引導的狀語從句：everyonecanjoininthesportingactivitieswhetherheorsheisgoodenoughornot.【解析】Exceptforpopularitywithfriends,teenagersalsocanbenefitalotiftheydosportsasmuchastheycan.First,it’sagoodopportunitytomaketeensgooutandsocialize.Second,takingexerciseoft