定語從句的習題答案

定語從句定語從句簡介：作用起定語的作用位置定語從句所修飾的詞稱為先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之后關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which和that,以及關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等，在從句中充當成分。種類定語從句分為：限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句兩種定語從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法用法例子Who指人，在定語從句中作主語；Whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，有時可省略；whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。Which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語（作賓語時可省略）ThebookwhichwasonthedeskjustnowwasborrowedfromJim.I’velostthepenwhichIlikebest.That多指物，有時也指人，在從句中作主語或賓語，指物時用法與which基本相同。作賓語時可省略。Thepersonthattelephonedmeisareporter.ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdaykeepsgoodtime.我昨天買的那塊表走得很準。先行詞是不定代詞everything,nothing,something,all,little,much等時，用that,不用which.I’lltellyoueverythingthatIknow.Million-poundnotewasallthathehadintheworld.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，用that,不用which.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistofindagoodreferencebook.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.先行詞被theonly,thevery,any,thelast,thesame,few,all，little,nojust,oneof等詞修飾時。用that不用which.Theonlythingthatworriedmewaswecouldnotfindtherightpersontodoit.唯一讓我擔心的是找不到合適的人來做這件事。Whom,which在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞可放在whom,which之前，也可以放在從句末，這時可省略關(guān)系代詞。I’mwaitingforthewomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnow.Thetown(which)helivesinisfarfromhere.Thetowninwhichhelivesisfarfromhere.他住的那個鎮(zhèn)離這很遠。That在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞不能放在that之前，只能放在從句末，這時that往往可省略。Theman(that)youtalkedabouthascometoourschool.你們談起過的那個人到我們學校來了。2.關(guān)系副詞的用法：用法例子When在定語從句中作時間狀語，其先行詞是表示“時間”的詞。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.我永遠忘不了入黨的那天。Where在定語從句中作地點狀語，其先行詞是表示“地點”的詞。HevisitedthevillagewhereShakespearewasborn.他參觀了莎士比亞誕生的村莊。Why在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞是reason(

原因)。Thereasonwhyheleftthecompanyisknowntoall.大家都知道他為什么離開了公司。限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。用法限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句區(qū)別1是先行詞不可缺少的修飾部分，如果省略，主句的意思就不完整或不明確。是先行詞的補充或附加說明，如果省略，主句的意思依然清楚。例子1Thebag(which)youboughtyesterdayisverynice.你昨天買的那個包很漂亮Iboughtabagyesterday,whichisverynice.我昨天買了一個包，那色很漂亮。區(qū)別2與主句不能用逗號分開用逗號與主句分開例子2Ilikethestoryyoutoldme.我喜歡你給我講的那個故事。Shakespeare,whoseplaysarepopular,wasagreatwriter.莎士比亞是偉大的作家，他的戲劇很受歡迎。區(qū)別3先行詞總是一個名詞或代詞先行詞是一個詞，也可以是部分主句或整個主句，這時關(guān)系代詞只能用which.例子3Thankyouforthehelpyouhavegivenme.感謝你對我的幫助。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.竹子中間是空的，這使它很輕。區(qū)別4可以用that引導不可用that引導，指人時要用who。例子4Thethingthathadrunawaywascaughtagain.Myson,whostudiesbiology,isnowworkinginLondon.區(qū)別5關(guān)聯(lián)詞可省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞一般不能省略例子5Thebicycle(that)myuncleboughtmewasveryexpensive.我叔叔給我買的那輛自行車很貴。Mybicycle,whichmyuncleboughtme,wasveryexpensive.我那輛自行車很貴，那是我叔叔給我買的。補充說明：以who,which開頭的句子為避免重復，只用that.Eg:Whoisthegirlthatisplayingthepiano?Whichisthecarthathithim?all指人時，也可用who.something,everything后也可用which..先行詞既指人又指物時用that引導。eg.:Thewriterandhisnovelthatyoutalkedaboutarewellknown.4．當句中有兩個定語從句時，其中一個已用了who/which,第二個從句的關(guān)系代詞宜用that.以避免重復。eg:XiaoHongisthegirlwhotalkedtotheteacherthatgraduatedfromBeijingUniversity那個和北大畢業(yè)的老師交談的女孩是小紅。5.當修飾的成分是數(shù)詞時，用that，但one作代詞指人作先行詞時，用who,不用thatI’vegotonethatyoumightbeinterestedin.6.當關(guān)系代詞本身在定語從句中作連系動詞be的表語時，用that.Tomisnolongertheboythathewasfiveyearsago.湯姆不再是五年前的那個男孩子了。7.當主語不指人，而句子又以there/here開頭時，修飾主語的定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用that.引導定語從句關(guān)系代詞的幾個特例：1.由于讀音的關(guān)系，who作先行詞時，一般用that引導定語從句，that作先行詞時，一般用which.。如：Whothatishumancandosuchacruel(殘酷的)thing.這種殘酷的事不是人干出來的！Hefoundthatwhichhehaslookedfor.他找到了他尋找的東西。2.主句有few,no,none等否定詞時，通常用but作關(guān)系代詞。Thereisnoonebutknowsit.沒有人知道這件事。Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.很少有人欣賞他的才能。Hardlyamanattended(參加)themeetingbutwasdeeplytouchedbyhisspeech.他的講話深深打動了每個與會者。先行詞是same或有same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞一般用as或that.如:Oureggsaresoldthesamedayas/thattheycomein.我們的蛋在進貨當天就賣掉了。先行詞是such或有such修飾時，關(guān)系代詞通常用as.如：Don’tbelievesuchmenaspraise(表揚、稱贊)youtoyourface.不要相信當面吹捧你的人。定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換把定語從句簡化成分詞短語。在定語從句中如果謂語動詞是主動語態(tài)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞短語來替換從句，如果謂語動詞是被動語態(tài)，就用過去分詞短語來替換從句。Theboywhoisplayingoverthereismybrother.→Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyLuXun.→ThisisabookwrittenbyLuXun.把定語從句簡化成不定式短語如果定語從句的謂語動詞（詞組）含情態(tài)動詞或定語從句前含序數(shù)詞last,next等，該定語從句往往可簡化為不定式短語。Marywasthefirststudentwhoarrivedatthecinema.→Marywasthefirststudenttoarriveatthecinema.把定語從句簡化成形容詞短語如果定語從句的表語是形容詞短語，那么整個定語從句可簡化成形容詞短語。Ihavebrokenthebottlewhichwasfullofmilk.→Ihavebrokenthebottlefullofmilk.把定語從句簡化成介詞短語在定語從句中，如果表語是由介詞短語充當?shù)?，那么該從句可簡化為介詞短語。Inouruniversity(大學)therearelotsofstudentswhoarefromSouthChina.→InouruniversitytherearelotsofstudentsfromSouthChina.把定語從句簡化為單個形容詞在定語從句中，如果作表語的是一個形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，在個別情況下，這個形容詞或分詞可放在先行詞前面，直接對其進行修飾。Thisoldmanwhoworkedtiredfoundachildwhowassleepingontheground.→Thistiredoldmanfoundasleepingchildontheground.“oneof+n.”結(jié)構(gòu)后定語從句的謂語形式傳統(tǒng)語法認為“oneof+復數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后面定語從句中的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，而當one前有the,only,mere(ly)(僅僅)，very,any等修飾時，后面的定語從句用單數(shù)動詞。Tomisoneoftheboyswhoareontime.湯姆是按時到達的男孩之一。Tomisthe(only)oneoftheboyswhoisontime.湯姆是唯一按時到達的男孩。但包括R.Quirk.F.T.Wood等著名語言學家在內(nèi)的權(quán)威人士認為，多數(shù)使用英語的本族人用one作who,that,which的先行詞，語用調(diào)查的結(jié)果如下：Heisoneofthebeststudentsthat(have–14%;has–86%)evercometothisschool.(VanShaik,1976).他是曾來此校（學習）的最好的學生之一。定語從句專項練習一、Choosethebestanswer:(單項選擇)Heisamanofgreatexperience,from____muchcanbelearned.A.whomB.whichC.thatD./2.Sheisoneofthebeststudentswho_____praised(表揚)atthemeetingyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are3.Hewasfoundtobeathief（小偷）,____madehiswifedisappointed(失望)。A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom4.Theystudyinasmallclassroom____floorisbroken.A.whoseB.whichC.whereD.that5.DongfengMiddleSchoolistheone____Mr.Wangtaughttwoyearsago.A.whichB.whereC.inthatD.that6.Theplace,____Ispentmyholidayinlastmonth,isaniceseasidetown.A.whichB.whereC.onitD.inthat7.Youmaykeepany____youfind.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom8.NextSundayistheonlyday____hecanspare(勻出)tojoinus.A.thatB.whichC.thenD.onwhich9.Heisn’ttheman____heusedtobe.先行詞作be的表語時用thatA.thatB.whomC.whoD.which10.HebelievedinGod(上帝),____Ifindstrange.A.asB.whichC.thatD.whom11.Letmethinkofapropersituation(位置，場所)____wecanusetheseidioms(成語，慣用語)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when12.Thisisthefirsttime____Ihaveseenyou.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inwhich13.Pleasepassmethedictionary____cover（封面）isblack.A.whichB.whichofC.itsD.whose14.All,____hastobedoneistopractiseeveryday.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what15.Throughpracticewecanlearnalot____cannot____frombooks.A.which;belearnedB.that;learnC.which;learnD.that;belearned二、多項選擇1.Finallythethiefhanded____hehadstolen(偷)tothepolice.A.everythingB.thatC.whichD.all2.Thisisthehighestbuilding____.A.wehaveeverbuiltinourschoolB.whichhaveeverbeenbuiltsince1994.C.whereallthestudentsliceD.thatwasbuiltforustolivein3.Thebuilding____arebrightatnightisourschoollibrary.A.whichB.whosewindowsC.whereD.thewindowsofwhich4.Thegirl____isournewEnglishteacher.A.youspoketoB.thatyoutalkedC.whomhairisbeautifulD.yousaidnothingto5.Shehastwodaughters,____A.twoofthemarebrightB.neitherofwhomworksasateacherC.whoarebothworkersD.bothofthemhavegonetoschool6.Theperson____isadoctor.A.whoistalkingtohimB.thatJimistalkingtoC.whoareyoutalkingtoD.withwhotheyaretalking7.Thatistheoffice____mymotheronceworkedA.whichB.inwhichC.inthatD.where8.Thisisthecoat.A.whosecolourisblue.B.thatIboughlastyearC.whichcostmefiftyYuanD.whosecolourIaminterestedin9.Thewashingmachineworksverywell.A.IboughtlastThursdayB.whichwasmendedlastweekC.whosesidesareallwhiteD.thatismadeinShanghai10.Shanghaiistheveryplace.A.whichtheforeignersareinterestedinB.theforeignersareeagertovisitC.wherelivealostofforeignersD.thattheforeignersareeager(渴望)tovisit11.Joanisoneofthebestwriters.A.whoarethoughthighlyofB.whosebooksthepeopleintheworldenjoyverymuchC.whohavepublished(出版)alotofbooksD.thathasbeengivenmedals(獎章)12.Thetwofriendsmetagain,andtheytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersons____theycouldrememberatcollege(大學)A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that13.Heiseveryonelikestoworkwith.A.oneB.theonethatC.thepersonD.whom14.Thisisthehotel(旅店)thevisitorscanenjoyallgoodthings.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.where15.Theearthgoesroundthesun,evenachildknows.A.whichB.thatC.asD.it16.Therailwaybridgenowwillbefinishedintwodays.A.whichisbeingbuiltB.theworkersarebuildingC.thattheworkersareworkingonD.wheretherearealotofbusyworkers17.Isthatcab?A.theonethatwevisitedyesterdayB.wherewevisitedyesterdayC.theonewevisitedD.whichwevisited18.Isthatthecabyesterday?A.wevisitedB.wherewesawtheteacherC.theonewevisitedD.whichwevisited三．下面每句均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正。1.Theytalkedforhalfanhourofthethingsandpersonswhotheywoulddealwithafewdayslater.that2.Whoisthemanwhowaspraisedatthemeeting?that3.Isthisthefarmwhereyouvisitedtheotherday?that/which4.Isthisfactory∧whichyouvisitedlastweek?theone(第二種方法是：在factory前加上the)5.ThisisthelasttimewhenIshallgiveyouadviceonsuchthings.that6.Iwanttobuythesamedictionarythatyouhave.as7.Thiswasthesamewallet(錢夾)asIlostinthehotel.is8.CouldyoushowmetheroomwhereMr.Wanglivesin?which9.ThemanIfetchedthechalk(粉筆)forhimisourEnglishteacher.○10.That’sallwhatIwanttosay.that11.Hashereturnedyouthebookthatyoulentittohimtheotherday?○12.Mikeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosinginhisclass.sings13.I,whoisyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.am四、改錯。1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.that2.ThefirstarticlewhichLucywroteinChinesewasnotgood.that3.Theyaretalkingaboutteachersandschoolswhichtheyhavevisited.that4.Thechaironthatheissittingismadeofbamboo.which5.ThisistheeverybookwhichIamlookingfor.that6.Allwhichweneedmostisyourhelp.that7.Whoisthemanwhoshookhandswithyoujustnow?that8.Whichisthebuswhichyouwantto