定語從句學案

【學習重難點】關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用定義：定語從句：在復(fù)合句中用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。e.g.Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.（限制性定從）Myparentstreatmeasababy,whichIcan’tbear.（有逗號，非限制性定從）先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞引導(dǎo)詞先行詞充當成分是否可省略關(guān)系代詞thatsb./sth.主、賓、表作賓語可省略whichsth.主、賓、定作賓語可省略whosb.主、賓作賓語可省略whomsb.賓語可省whosesb./sth.定語否assb./sth.主、賓、表作賓語可省略關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)代where地點詞地點狀語否when時間詞時間狀語否whythereason原因狀語否【注意】1.whose:在定語從句中，whose+n.(名詞)?？捎谩皌he+n.(名詞)+of+關(guān)系代詞”代替。I

will

talk

to

the

students

whosehomework/thehomeworkofwhomhasn’tbeendone2.as與which均可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，有時可以互換，但也存在區(qū)別：說明例句與such或thesame連用時，一般用asSuchmoneyasheearnedwasspentonbooks.他掙得那些錢被花在了買書上。as引導(dǎo)的從句可放句首，表“正如……”Asweallknow,theearthisround.正如我們所知道的，地球是圓的。當as在從句中作主語時，后常接被動語態(tài)Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.她又缺席了，這在預(yù)料之中。當定從是否定句或表否定時只能用whichMyparentstreatmeasababy,whichIcan’tbear.我父母總是像對待小孩子一樣對我，這是我受不了的?！局挥胻hat不用which】當先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代詞時；當先行詞前面被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時；當先行詞既有人又有物時；當先行詞被theonly,thelast,thevery修飾時；當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、最高級修飾時，先行詞只用that不用which?！局挥脀ho不用that】

當先行詞為人稱代詞

he,

she,

they

或指人的不定代詞one(s),

anyone,

nobody

等時；

當先行為指示代詞

those，或先行詞是those所修飾的人時(thosegirls)；

當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時；當先行詞是

people

或是表示人的集體名詞時，先行詞只用who不用that。二、如何選擇關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？選擇哪種關(guān)系詞要根據(jù)先行詞在定語從句中充當什么成分。例：Thisisthecitywhich/thatIvisitedlastyear.本句中先行詞是thecity，若放入定語從句Ivisitedlastyear中，則充當visited的賓語，因為visit是及物動詞，變成：Ivisitedthecitylastyear.替代它的關(guān)系詞也應(yīng)該做賓語，故選擇關(guān)系代詞that/which。Lookatthecitywhereyoustayedlastyear.本句中先行詞也是thecity，但是定語從句中stay是不及物動詞，后面不接賓語。從句中已有了主語you，所以不要選擇關(guān)系代詞，而應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞在從句中做狀語。再根據(jù)先行詞thecity是表示地點的詞，故選擇where做地點狀語?！井斕眠_標】I.分析句子（要求：1.用括號把定語從句括起來2.填空）Thosewhowanttogoswimmingpleasesignyournameshere.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________Theschoolwherewestudiedforthreeyearsisonekilometerawayfromhere.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhelookssoupset.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________Thisisthevillagewherethefamoussingerwasbroughtup.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________Let’stalkaboutthemodelstudentwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________IwillneverforgetthoseyearswhenIstudiedinJuniorHigh.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________Isthereanythingelsethatyou’dliketosharewithus?先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________ThedaywhenIcameherewasAug.30.先行詞________引導(dǎo)詞充當成分________是否可省略________II.用正確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1.Thissmallvillageistheplace_____________myfatheroncelived.2.Thissmallvillageistheplace_____________myfatheroncevisited.3.Istillrememberthedays_____________westudiedinJuniorHigh.4.Istillrememberthedays_____________wespentinJuniorHigh.5.Thefactory_____________myfatherworksisverybig.6.Thefactory_____________isnearmyhomeisverybig.7.Thereason_____________Tomwaslateisunknowntous.8.Thereason_____________Tomtolduscanbeacceptable.III.單句語法填空1.Thisisthethirdapple____________shehaseatenintheafternoon.2.Thisisthepark_____________weheldabirthdayparty.3.MissWangistakingcareofthechild_____________parentshavegonetoBeijing.4.Doyouworknearthebuilding__________colourisyellow?5.Thisisthebestfilm___________Ihaveeverseen.6.Ilikethebooks_____________werewrittenbyGuoJingming.7.Isthereanything_____________youwantinthisshop?8.Thatisthereason_____________Ididthejob.9.Thisistheonly/verything_____________Icandotosolvethetrickyproblem.10.Thefactory_____________hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.11.Iwilltakeyoutothenewmuseum_____________youcanseethenewest3Dprinter.12.That’sall_____________Iwanttosay.13.That’sthedate_____________shewon’tforgetforever.14.Iliveinthehouse__________windowsfacesouth.15.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_____________theylive.16.Jacktalkedaboutafewpeopleandthings_____________hehadseenabroad.17.Hisparentswouldn’tallowhimtomarryanyone_____________familywaspoor.18.Iwillalwaysremembertheday_____________IfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.19.Thisisthehospital_____________Iwasborn.20.Thereason_____________hedidnotgotoschoolisunknown.IV.合并句子（要求：將①②兩句話合并為定語從句)1.①Theboyismycousin.②Italkedtotheboy.Theboy____________________ismycousin.2.①Icanshowyouaroundthehouse.②Ioncelivedinthehouse.Icanshowyouaroundthehouse________________________.3.①Theboyisoneofmybestfriends.②Theboy’sfatherisaprofessor.Theboy_______________________isoneofmybestfriends.4.①Wevisitedabeautifulpalace. ②Theroofsofthepalacearered.Wevisitedabeautifulpalace___________________________.5.①Thedaysaregone. ②Wewerecarefreechildren.Thedays_________________________aregone.V.完成句子1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些對我們有好處的書。Ihavefoundsomebooks___________________________.2.他是唯一一個經(jīng)常遲到的學生。Heistheonlystudent___________________________.3.正如我們所知，我們能夠指望他。_________________________,Wecancountonhim.4.店主將這條金子制成的項鏈遞給她。Theshopkeeperhandedthenecklace_______________________________overtoher.5.我永遠不會忘記第一次遇見他的那天。I’llneverforgettheday____________________.(meet)6.她住在一個窗戶破了的房子里。Shelivedinahouse__________________________.(break)7.他談?wù)摿怂浀玫脑趯W校的人和事。Hetalkedaboutpersonsandthings_________________(remember)intheschool.8.一般來說，我們喜歡那些在課堂上積極的學生們。Generallyspeaking,welikethose_____________________________.(active)9.我很遺憾，在醫(yī)生來之前，這是我唯一可以采取的措施。I’msorrybutthisistheonlymeasure________________________beforetheteacheres.(take)10.你最好在有問題的地方做一個標記。You’dbettermakeamark__________________________________________.(problem)VI.語篇填空Therewasatime1.______IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthisisthereason2.________myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myteachermunicatedwithmefacetoface,from3.________Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoo