四川省瀘州市瀘縣第五中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期三模英語試題含聽力

四川省瀘縣五中高2020級高三三診模擬考試英語試題第I卷選擇題（100分）第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhereisJenniferworkingnow?A.Inacollege. B.Inahospital. C.Inadrugstore.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Whereareyouworkingnow,Jennifer?Stillinthehospital?W:No,IleftthehospitalandIrefusedthejobatthedrugstore.I’mworkingasateacherinamedicalcollegenow.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthetaxrate?A.2%. B.4%. C.10%.【答案】B【解析】【詳解】W:Iboughtarecorderonsale.Itwas$50.M:Includingtax?W:No,Ipaidanother$2intax.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howmanypillsdoesthedoctorsuggesttakingeveryday?A.Four. B.Six. C.Seven.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Doctor,Ihavearunnynose.M:Letmesee.Nothingserious.Takeoneofthesepillseverysixhoursandyouwillgetbetterafteraweek.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthewomando?A.Drivefaster. B.Haveaninterview. C.Takeatest.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Canyoudrivealittlefaster,sir?M:It’shardintherushhour.ButI’lltry.W:Thanksalot.IhaveanimportantinterviewandIdon’twanttobelate.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwilltheboyhavefordinner?A.Noodles. B.Fish. C.Chicken.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:What’sfordinner,Mum?Arewehavingnoodles?W:Wehadthatyesterday.SoIthoughtI’dmakechickenandricetonight—orfishifyouprefer.M:Thatsoundsgood.ButIhadchickenatschooltoday,soIdon’treallywantitagain.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Wheredoesthemangetthenews?A.Fromamagazine. B.FromtheInternet. C.Fromanewspaper.7.Whatisthenewsmainlyabout?A.Manymuseumsareclosednow.B.Peoplehavetostayathome.C.Anexhibitofpaintingsisshutdown.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Haveyoufinishedreadingthemagazine,Mark?M:Yes.AndnowI’mreadingsomenewsusingmyputer.DoyouknowanythingaboutJanvanEyck?W:Yes.Iknowhewasanartistofthe15thcentury.Isthereanythingabouthiminthenews?M:Yes.TheMuseumofFineArtsinGhenthadtocloseanexhibitofpaintingsbythisfamousartistinhistory.W:I’mnotsurprised.Manymuseumsworldwideareclosed.TheLouvreremainsclosednow.It’sbettertostayhomeforthetimebeing.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Wheredidthemanspendhisholiday?A.Inthemountains. B.Byalake. C.Onthebeach.9.Whatdidthemandoduringhisholiday?A.Hecollectedsomestones.B.Hedidsomewatersports.C.Heclimbedupamountain.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Charlie.Howwasyourholiday?M:Well,beforeweleft,I’dimaginedthatstayingbyalakewouldbelikebeingatthebeach.Butasitturnedout,alotofwatersportsthatmyfamilyhadplannedforuswereoutofthequestionduetotheweather.Soinstead,mycousintookusforawalkalongtheshoreandshoweduswheretofindbeautifulstones—wecamebackwithseveral.W:Thatsoundsgreat.Betterthanourholidayinthemountains.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Whichfixingpanytheyshouldchoose.B.Howmuchtheyhavespent.C.Whenthefixingwillbegin.11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutPrestons?A.Theyareunreliable. B.Theydohighqualitywork. C.Theychargethelowestprice.12.Whatdoesthewomanagreetodo?A.Respondtoallthebuilders. B.Askforalowerprice. C.EmailValleyBuilders.【答案】10.A11.B12.C【解析】【原文】M:I’vejustgotthelastestimateforfixingtheroofofthehouse.WedecidedthattheArkwright’sestimateistooexpensive,didn’twe?AndalthoughtheonefromJacksonBuildersisthecheapest,Idon’treallytrustthemtodoagoodjob.W:Ithinkyou’rerightthere.Theydidn’tfillmewithconfidence.M:SothatleavesuswithValleyBuildersandPrestons.W:Personally,IthinkthatPrestonsaremoreprofessional,andwillprobablydothebestjob.Theyjustseemedtotalkalotofsenseaboutwhatwasneeded.Buttheirestimateis￡1000morethanValleyBuilders.I’mnotsurethey’reworththatmuchmore.M:Ithinkyou’reright.WeshouldgoforValleyBuilders.They’reagoodpanyandlotsofourneighborshavehadworkdonebythem.Ihaven’theardanyplaints.Doyouwanttosendthemanemailandaskiftheycanstartassoonaspossible?W:Yes,I’lldothatnow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whatisthewoman?A.Anofficeclerk. B.Animmigrationofficial. C.Anairhostess.14.Whichlineisfortheresidents?A.Thelineontheman’sright.B.Thelineonthewoman’sleft.C.Thelineonthewoman’sright.15.HowlongwillthemanstudyintheUK?A.Forafewmonths. B.Forayear. C.Fortwoyears.16.Howwillthemanpayforlivingcostsandtuitionfees?A.Hisfatherhaspaidinadvance.B.Hehaswonascholarship.C.Hewilltakeaparttimejob.【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:CanIseeyourpassport，please?M:Isthislinefornonresidents?W:Yesitis.Residentscanqueueupinthelinestomyright.M:OK.Here’smypassport.W:Whenwillyourpassportturninvalid?M:Maybeinafewmonths.ItwasrenewedinBeijing.W:Isee.Yes,you’llneedtorenewyourpassportinafewmonths.M:OK.W:Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?M:No,Idon’thaveanythingtodeclare.W:HowlongwillyoubestayingintheUK?M:I’llbehereabouttwelvemonths.W:Whatisthepurposeofyourstay?M:I’llbestudying.I’mdoinganMBAatNottinghamUniversity.W:Wherewillyoubestaying?M:Ihaveahousingcontractwiththeuniversity.I’llbeinadormroomoncampus.W:Howdoyouplanonpayingforyourlivingcostsandtuitionfeeswhileyouarehere?M:Myfatherhasalreadypaidforthatinadvance.Herearethereceipts.W:OK.Haveagoodstay.Here’syourpassportandyourdocuments.M:Thankyouverymuch.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.WheredidArethaFranklingrowup?A.InMemphis. B.InDetroit. C.InAtlanticCity.18.WhendidArethaFranklinsignwithColumbiaRecords?A.In1980. B.In1967. C.In1960.19.WhichwasArethaFranklin’smostpopularmusicinthe1960s?A.“Respect”. B.“FreewayofLove”. C.“ChainofFools”.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.ArethaFranklin’slifestory.B.ArethaFranklin’smusicalstyle.CArethaFranklin’sfamoussongs.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.A【解析】【原文】ArethaFranklin,anAmericansingerknownasthe“QueenofSoul”,wasbornin1942inMemphis,Tennessee.ButshewasraisedinDetroit.Hermusicaltalentwasrecognizedatayoungage.Franklinbegansingingpopandjazzmusicattheageof18,whenshesignedarecordingagreementwithColumbiaRecords.Butherrealsuccessstartedin1967underanagreementwithAtlanticRecords.FranklinbecamefamousinAmericathatyearwithaseriesofhitmusicrecordings,including“ChainofFools”,andhermostfamoussong,“Respect”inthe1960s.Franklin’scareersuccesscontinuedintothe1980sand1990s.Sheappearedinthe1980film“TheBluesBrothers”.Shealsohadnewpopularmusic,including“FreewayofLove”.In1987,FranklinbecamethefirstwomantobeamemberoftheRock&RollHallofFame.Franklinearnedmorethan110entriesinBillboard’smusiccharts.That’sthemostbyanywomaninthemagazine’shistory.OnAugust16,2018,FranklindiedatherhomeinDetroit,Michigan.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ACanada’sWonderlandFromfamilyfriendlyridestothrillingrollercoasters,Canada’sWonderlandhasplentyofattractionsforalllevelsofadventure.Meanwhile,variousdeliciousfoodchoices,includingthecrowdpleasingfunnelcakes,areavailable.VisittheentertainmentareasandfindoutwhoisperformingattheCanterburyTheatreortakeinashowfeaturingSnoopyandtheGangatthePlayhouseTheatre.Cooldownatthe50acrewaterpark,whereyoucanchoosefrom17differentwaterridestoexperience.FantasyFairEtobicoke’sWoodbineMallisthehomeofOntario’slargestindooramusementpark.There’sanantiquecarousel,electronicgamespopularduringthe1980s,andmanyotheractivitiesandridesdesignedforsmallchildren.Ambitiouskidscantrytherockclimbingwall,andtheXDsimulatorsofferagreat3Dmovieexperience.Thelargedisplaysofdinosaurswillattracttheyoungerkids.AdventureVillageAdventureVillageisagreatopenspacewithwaterfalls,fishpondsandmanyfunactivities.It’stheidealplacewhereyoucanshowoffyoursecretmovesduringafriendly,yetpetitivegameofoutdoorlasertagorplaygolfonthe18holeminigolfcourse.Kidswillalsoenjoylearningnewskillsatthebattingcageandtheexcitementofridingandspinningaroundonthebumpercars.Noneedtoworryaboutgettinghungry.BigAl’sCookHouseoffersyouvariouschoicesonthemenu.RailYardWake&AquaParkIt’sOntario’slargestinflatable(可充氣的)waterparkandcablewakeboarding(尾浪劃水)facility.Thereisawaterparkwithmanyobstaclecoursesyou’llwanttoclimb,jumpandexplore.Enjoythethrillofwatersportsofwakeboarding,wakeskatingandkneeboardinginasafearea.21.WhatcantouristsdoinCanada’sWonderland?A.Enjoytastyfood. B.Drivebumpercars.C.Playvideogames. D.Watchdifferentdinosaurs.22.WhatdoweknowaboutFantasyFair?A.It’sOntario’slargestamusementpark. B.Itprovidesindooractivitiesforchildren.C.Itallowskidstoseeexhibitionsofplanes. D.It’saplacefortouriststowatch5Dmovies.23.Whichisthebestchoiceforwatersportlovers?A.FantasyFair.1 B.AdventureVillage.C.Canada’sWonderland. D.RailYardWake&AquaPark.【答案】21.A22.B23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四處不同的游樂場所?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Canada’sWonderland中的“Meanwhile,variousdeliciousfoodchoices,includingthecrowdpleasingfunnelcakes,areavailable.(同時，各種美味的食物可供選擇，包括廣受歡迎的漏斗蛋糕。)”可知，游客在Canada’sWonderland可以享受美食。故選A。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FantasyFair中的“Etobicoke’sWoodbineMallisthehomeofOntario’slargestindooramusementpark.There’sanantiquecarousel,electronicgamespopularduringthe1980s,andmanyotheractivitiesandridesdesignedforsmallchildren.(伊托比克的伍德拜商場是安大略省最大的室內(nèi)游樂園。這里有一個古董旋轉(zhuǎn)木馬，上世紀(jì)80年代流行的電子游戲，還有許多專為小孩子設(shè)計的其他活動和游樂設(shè)施。)”可知，F(xiàn)antasyFair為兒童提供室內(nèi)活動。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RailYardWake&AquaPark中的“It’sOntario’slargestinflatable(可充氣的)waterparkandcablewakeboarding(尾浪劃水)facility.Thereisawaterparkwithmanyobstaclecoursesyou’llwanttoclimb,jumpandexplore.Enjoythethrillofwatersportsofwakeboarding,wakeskatingandkneeboardinginasafearea.(它是安大略省最大的充氣水上公園和電纜滑水設(shè)施。這里有一個水上公園，里面有許多障礙賽，你會想要攀登、跳躍和探索。在安全的地方享受水上滑水、滑水和滑膝運動的刺激。)”可知，水上運動愛好者的最佳選擇是RailYardWake&AquaPark。故選D。BIfyourjobrequiresalotofsittingyoucouldbeputtingyourhealthatdanger.TheAmericanJournalofEpidemiology(流行病學(xué))didastudyin2010onthecorrelation(相互聯(lián)系)betweensittingandanindividual'sphysicalhealth.Inthestudy,53,440workingmenand69,776workingwomenweresurveyedontheirtimespentsitting.Thesubjectswerealldiseasefreewhenemployed.Theresearchersidentified11,307deathsinmenand7,923deathsinwomenduringthe14yearfollowup.Thefindings:Womenwhoreportedsittingformorethansixhoursperdayhadanapproximately40higherallcausedeathratethanthosewhoreportedlessthanthreehoursaday,andmenhadanapproximately20higherdeathrate.Well,now'safinetimetogetthisinformation.Butwhydidn'ttheytellmethisyearsago?Iwouldhaveplannedontakingamoreactivejobinsteadofthesedentary(坐著的)jobofaneditor.Sowhatcanyoudoifyouhavetoworkforalivingatajobthatrequiresalotofsitting?Herearesomeideas:Takefrequentbreaks.Itisremendedthatworkersvaryactivities,changetheirposition,andtakeshortbreaksevery20minutestorestmusclesandincreasebloodcirculation.Getastandingdesk.Somestudieshaveshownthatworkingfromanuprightpositionmaybebetterforhealth.Theseriousfitnesspeoplecanevenpurchaseatreadmill(跑步機)desk.Itonlygoesaboutonemileperhour.Haveawalkingmeeting.Ifyourgroupiskindofsmall,goingforawalkwhilediscussingtopicsisagoodalternative.24.Accordingtothetext,thestudyin2010______.A.foundmenreportingshortersittingtimethanwomenB.surveyedmorementhanwomenontheirdailysittingtimeC.identifiedfewerdeathsinmenthaninwomenduringthe14yearfollowupD.discoveredcorrelationbetweensittingandphysicalhealthinmenandinwomen25.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthordidnotremend______.A.usingastandingdesk B.restingone'smusclesC.quittingsedentaryjobs D.takingawalkwhilediscussing26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"subjects"inParagraph2mean?A.Thingsbeingdiscussed. B.Peoplebeingstudied.CAreasofknowledgebeinglearned. D.Objectsbeingpainted.27.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Yourjobcouldbekillingyou.B.Workingoutleadstohealthrisks.C.Longtimesittingispositivelyassociatedwithhealth.D.Astudyonsittingtimeandphysicalhealthwaspleted.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.A【解析】【分析】試題分析：本文是一篇說明文，美國流行病學(xué)期刊的一項研究表明，久坐對我們的身體健康有不利影響，文章還提供了如何減少這一不利影響的幾點建議?！?4題詳解】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段第一句“TheAmericanJournalofEpidemiology(流行病學(xué))didastudyin2010onthecorrelation(相互聯(lián)系)betweensittingandanindividual'sphysicalhealth.”可知，美國流行病學(xué)期刊在2010年做了一個關(guān)于久坐和個人身體健康的相互聯(lián)系的研究調(diào)查。故選D。【25題詳解】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Takefrequentbreaks.Itisremendedthatworkersvaryactivities,changetheirposition,andtakeshortbreaksevery20minutestorestmusclesandincreasebloodcirculation.Getastandingdesk.Somestudieshaveshownthatworkingfromanuprightpositionmaybebetterforhealth.Theseriousfitnesspeoplecanevenpurchaseatreadmill(跑步機)desk.Itonlygoesaboutonemileperhour.Haveawalkingmeeting.Ifyourgroupiskindofsmall,goingforawalkwhilediscussingtopicsisagoodalternative.”（經(jīng)常休息。建議員工變換活動，變換姿勢，每隔20分鐘休息一次，以使肌肉休息，增加血液循環(huán)。找一張立式桌子。一些研究表明，直立工作可能更有利于健康。真正健身的人甚至可以買一張跑步機辦公桌。它每小時只走一英里。開個步行會。如果你的團隊規(guī)模不大，那么邊走邊討論話題是個不錯的選擇）我們可知，作者建議那些長時間坐著工作的人使用立式辦公桌，放松肌肉和邊走邊討論，而沒有提到放棄久坐不動的工作，故選C?！?6題詳解】B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Inthestudy,53,440workingmenand69,776workingwomenweresurveyedontheirtimespentsitting.”可知，該研究對53440男員工和69776個女員工坐著的時間進行了調(diào)查。發(fā)現(xiàn)這些人在受雇時均無疾病。由此可知畫線詞詞義為“被調(diào)查的人”，故選B?！?7題詳解】A主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第二段中的“TheAmericanJournalofEpidemiology(流行病學(xué))didastudyin2010onthecorrelation(相互聯(lián)系)betweensittingandanindividual'sphysicalhealth.”以及第三段的研究結(jié)果可知，本文主要介紹的是美國流行病學(xué)期刊的一項研究表明，工作時久坐對我們的身體健康有不利影響，故選A?？键c：考查說明文閱讀CThenationwatchedwithhorroraswildfireinCaliforniadamagedthetownofParadiseandsurroundingmunities.ItwasthedeadliestandmostdestructivewildfireinCaliforniahistory,killing85civiliansanddestroyingnearly14,000residences.Morethan50,000peoplewerelefthomeless.WatchingthenewscoveragefromhishomeinDenver,Colorado,WoodyFairclothwassaddenedbythedestruction.Manypeoplefoundthemselveshomelesswithnowheretolive.Hejustcouldn’timaginebeinginthatposition.Heknewhewantedtodosomethingtohelp.HesetupaGoFundMepageandinvitedpeopletodonatesotheycouldpurchaseandrestoreausedRV(休閑車)forafamily.Throughsocialmedia,Fairclotheventuallygotconnectedwithafamilyofsixthatwasgreatlyinneed.FairclothfilledtheRVwithsuppliesandstartedthenearly1,200miledrivetoCaliforniatodeliverthevehicle.ThatfirstdonatedRVledtoanotherandFairclothhadmorethan100requestsforRVsfromhomelessfamilies.Witnessinghowgreattheneedwas,Fairclothturnedhisideaintoanonprofitorganization,“wehaveaplatformtohelp,wehavetokeephelping,”saidFaircloth,whosegrouphassofargivenmorethan65RVstowildfiresurvivors.Today,onlyaminimalamountofrebuildinghasbeguninParadiseandamajorityofthearea’sdisplacedpopulationisstillhomeless.FairclothconnectswithRVownersinterestedindonatingorsellingtheirusedRVsatalowcost.HerefitstheRVshimselfandnegotiatescostswhenheneedstohireprofessionalmechanicsforheavydutyrepairs.OncetheRVisreadytogo,Fairclothorganizesawaytotransportittothesurvivors.TheworkisconstantforFaircloth,whoalsohastodohisfulltimejobasanaccountmanager.Butseeingtheimpactofhiseffortsinspireshimtokeepgoing.“Wehavemadeconnectionswithpeopleattheirmostvulnerable(脆弱的)moment.It’ssuchapowerfulthingforthem,”Fairclothsaid.28.Howdidthewritershowtheterribledamageofthewildfire?A.Byrepeatingfacts. B.Bydescribingtheprocess.C.Bylistingfigures. D.Byquotingsayings.29.WhydidFairclothsetupaGoFundMepage?A.Hewantedpeopletodonatefoodsuppliestosurvivors.B.HetriedtoraisemoneytobuyusedRVsforsurvivors.C.Hewantedtoconnectwiththefamiliesinneed.D.Hehopedtoraisefundstorebuildhomesforvictims.30.WhatcanweknowaboutFaircloth’snonprofitorganization?A.Ithasdeliveredover65RVstohomelesssurvivors.B.ItrebuiltParadisewithinaminimalamountoftime.C.ItsoldusedRVstowildfirevictimsatalowcostD.ItinvitedmechanicstorepairRVsfreeofcharge.31.WhichwordcanbestdescribeFaircloth?A.Optimistic. B.Honest. C.Independent. D.Caring.【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹Faircloth建立了GoFundMe，用來幫助因為野火而無家可歸的人。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句“ItwasthedeadliestandmostdestructivewildfireinCaliforniahistory,killing85civiliansanddestroyingnearly14000residences.Morethan50000peoplewerelefthomeless.（這是加州歷史上最致命、最具破壞性的野火，造成85名平民死亡，近14000棟住宅被毀。超過5萬人無家可歸。）”可知，文章通過列舉幾個數(shù)據(jù)（85，14000，50000）來說明野火對社會、對人類造成的經(jīng)濟損失，人員傷亡之大，野火的危害嚴(yán)重性。故選C項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“HesetupaGoFundMepageandinvitedpeopletodonatesotheycouldpurchaseandrestoreausedRVforafamily（他建立了一個GoFundMe網(wǎng)頁，邀請人們捐款，這樣他們就可以為一個家庭購買和修復(fù)一輛二手休閑車。）”可知，F(xiàn)aircloth建立這個GoFundMe的目的是為了籌集錢來為那些生存下來的人買二手休閑車。故選B項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后“saidFaircloth,whosegrouphassofargivenmorethan65RVstowildfiresurvivors.（Faircloth說，他的組織迄今已向野火幸存者發(fā)放了65輛休閑車。）”可知，F(xiàn)aircloth的組織目前為止已經(jīng)給那些無家可歸的幸存者超過65輛休閑車了。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Heknewhewantedtodosomethingtohelp.（他知道他想做點什么提供幫助。）”可知，當(dāng)Faircloth看到那些因為野火而無家可歸的人的時候，想到了自己應(yīng)該做點什么來幫助他們，因此建立了GoFundMe，所以他是一個樂于助人，并且關(guān)心那些因為野火而無家可歸的人。故選D項。DChemicalengineersatUNSWSydneyhavefoundawaytomake"green"ammonia(氨)fromair,waterandrenewableelectricity.InapaperpublishedinEnergyandEnvironmentalScience,theauthorssaythatammoniasynthesis(合成法)wasoneofthecriticalachievementsofthe20thcentury.Whenusedinfusiliersthatsignificantlyincreasetheoutputoffoodcrops,itenabledagriculturetosustainaneverexpandingglobalpopulation.Butsincethebeginningofthe1900swhenitwasfirstemployed,productionofammoniahasbeenenergyintensiverequiringtemperatureshigherthan400℃andpressuresgreaterthan200atmandallpoweredbyfossilfuels.Dr.EmmaLovell,acoauthoronthepaperfromUNSW,saysthetraditionalwaytomakeammoniaknownastheHaberBoschprocessisonlycosteffectivewhenitisproducedonamassivescaleduetothehugeamountsofenergyandexpensivematerialsrequiredanditproducesmoreCO2thananyotherchemicalmakingreaction.“InadditiontothebigcarbonfootprintleftbytheHaberBoschprocess,havingtoproducemillionsoftonsofammoniaincentralisedlocationsmeansevenmoreenergyisrequiredtotransportitaroundtheworld,nottomentiontherisksthatgowithstoringlargeamountsofitintheoneplace,”saysDr.Lovell.“AndwesawtragicallyinBeirutrecentlyhowpotentiallydangerousstoringammoniumnitrate(硝酸鹽)canbe.”Dr.Lovellandhercolleaguesthereforelookedathowtoproduceitcheaply,onasmallerscaleandusingrenewableenergy.Theirnewproductionmethoddoesnotrelyonfossilfuelresources,norgiveofCO2.“Andonceitbeesavailablemercially,thetechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceammoniadirectlyonsiteandondemandfarmerscouldevendothisonlocationusingourtechnologytomakefertiliserswhichmeanswenegatetheneedforstorageandtransportThere'sahugebenefittosocietyaswellasthehealthoftheplanet,”Dr.Lovellsays.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheHaverBoschprocess?A.Itdoesharmtotheearth.B.Itrequiresgreenmaterials.C.Ituseslessenergyandischeap.D.Ittransformsfossilfuelsintoammonia.33.WhyisthecityBeirutmentionedinthetext?A.Toremindpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.B.Togiveanexampleoftheriskinammoniastorage.C.Toconvincefarmerstotransportammoniaelsewhere.D.Tostressthechoiceofapropercentralisedlocation.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negate”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.Inspect. B.Avoid. C.Suit. D.Accept.35.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosolveaproblem. B.Toexplainaprocess.C.Toadvocateatheory. D.Tointroduceamethod.【答案】32.A33.B34.B35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。悉尼新南威爾士大學(xué)的化學(xué)工程師發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種方法，可以從空氣、水和可再生電力中制造“綠色”氨，這種新方法的使用對社會和地球的健康都有巨大的好處?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dr.EmmaLovell,acoauthoronthepaperfromUNSW,saysthetraditionalwaytomakeammoniaknownastheHaberBoschprocessisonlycosteffectivewhenitisproducedonamassivescaleduetothehugeamountsofenergyandexpensivematerialsrequiredanditproducesmoreCO2thananyotherchemicalmakingreaction.”（新南威爾大學(xué)的合著者EmmaLovell博士說，傳統(tǒng)的制造氨的方法——即HaberBosch工藝——只有在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)時才具有成本效益，因為需要大量的能源和昂貴的材料，而且它比其他任何化學(xué)制造反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生更多的二氧化碳。）第三段第一句““InadditiontothebigcarbonfootprintleftbytheHaberBoschprocess,havingtoproducemillionsoftonsofammoniaincentralisedlocationsmeansevenmoreenergyisrequiredtotransportitaroundtheworld,nottomentiontherisksthatgowithstoringlargeamountsofitintheoneplace,”saysDr.Lovel”（Lovel博士說：“除了HaberBosch工藝生產(chǎn)過程留下的大量碳足印，在集中地點生產(chǎn)數(shù)百萬噸氨意味著需要更多的能源將氨運往全球，更不用說將大量氨存儲在一個地方所帶來的風(fēng)險?！保┛芍?，傳統(tǒng)的制造氨的方法，HaberBosch工藝對地球是有害的。選項A與文意相符，故選A。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“AndwesawtragicallyinBeirutrecentlyhowpotentiallydangerousstoringammoniumnitrate(硝酸鹽)canbe.””（最近，我們在貝魯特悲慘地看到了儲存硝酸銨的潛在危險。）可知，此處引用城市Beirut的例子，是舉例說明氨儲存的風(fēng)險。選項B與文意一致，故選B?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Andonceitbeesavailablemercially,thetechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceammoniadirectlyonsiteandondemandfarmerscouldevendothisonlocationusingourtechnologytomakefertilisers”（一旦商業(yè)化，這項技術(shù)就可以直接在現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)氨，農(nóng)民甚至可以在現(xiàn)場使用我們的技術(shù)生產(chǎn)化肥）可知，使用了這項技術(shù)，可以直接在現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)氨。即這就意味著我們可以避免儲存和運輸了?！皀egate”意思是“避免”，選項B符合題意，故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“ChemicalengineersatUNSWSydneyhavefoundawaytomake"green"ammonia(氨)fromair,waterandrenewableelectricity.”（悉尼新南威爾士大學(xué)的化學(xué)工程師發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種方法，可以從空氣、水和可再生電力中制造“綠色”氨），可知本文主要描述了一種可以從空氣、水和可再生電力中制造“綠色”氨的新方法。選項D與文意相符，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thequalityofthefamilyrelationshipismoreimportantthanfamilyconfiguration(結(jié)構(gòu)).Ahealthyfamilyrelationshipisthebaseofahappyfamily.___36___.Althoughfamilyrelationshipsaredifferent,therearecertaincharacteristicsthathealthyfamilyrelationshipsshare.___37___.Familymemberslistentoandgenuinelycareaboutwhattheothersaresaying.Inthesefamilies,municationisonadeepenoughlevelthatallmembersareabletosharetheirfeelings,goals,achievementsandexperiences.Whensomefeedbackandconstructivecriticismaregiven,loveandaffectionaremadeclearbytheuseofpositivewords.Afamilywithahealthyrelationshiprequireseverysinglefamilymember’smitment.Familymembersholdfamilyasatoppriority(優(yōu)先考慮的事)andconsidertheimpactonrelativesbeforemakingimportantdecisions.Familymembersaredependableandalwaysthereforeachotherintimesofcrisis.___38___.Acharacteristicofhealthyfamilyrelationshipisthattheyspendtimedoingenjoyableactivitiestogether.___39___.Often,theseactivitiesbeefamilytraditions,suchassharingmealstogether,havingfamilyoutingseveryweekendorplayingsportstogether.___40___.Familymembersacceptthattheyeachhavetheirownpersonalities,qualitiesandinterests.Everyoneplaysanimportantroleinthefamily.Whenthereisconflictbetweenfamilymembers,itissolvedinapositiveandhealthymanner.Familymembersalsoacknowledgeeachother’sachievementsandshowappreciationforothermembers.A.Therefore,membersdonotfeeltheyareontheirownB.FamilymembersshareeverythingtheyhavewitheachotherC.RespectisanimportantcharacteristicofhealthyfamilyrelationshipsD.ItprovidesmemberswiththesupportandencouragementthattheyneedE.FamilymemberstendtoselectactivitiesthathelpthefamilytogrowcloserF.ItisimportanttokeepinmindthateachfamilymemberisauniqueindividualG.Familieswithhealthyrelationshipsengageinpositiveandmeaningfulmunication【答案】36.D37.G38.A39.E40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章說明了健康的家庭關(guān)系的一些特征?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ahealthyfamilyrelationshipisthebaseofahappyfamily.(健康的家庭關(guān)系是幸福家庭的基礎(chǔ))”和下文“Althoughfamilyrelationshipsaredifferent,therearecertaincharacteristicsthathealthyfamilyrelationshipsshare.(雖然家庭關(guān)系不同，但健康的家庭關(guān)系有一些共同的特征)”可知，上文指出健康的家庭關(guān)系是幸福家庭的基礎(chǔ)，下文指出健康的家庭有一些共同的特征。由此推知，空處承接上文，指出健康的家庭關(guān)系的好處。D項“它為成員提供他們所需要的支持和鼓勵”符合題意，選項中的“It”指代上文的“Ahealthyfamilyrelationship”。故選D?！?7題詳解】空處為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Familymemberslistentoandgenuinelycareaboutwhattheothersaresaying.Inthesefamilies,municationisonadeepenoughlevelthatallmembersareabletosharetheirfeelings,goals,achievementsandexperiences.Whensomefeedbackandconstructivecriticismaregiven,loveandaffectionaremadeclearbytheuseofpositivewords.(家人會傾聽并真誠地關(guān)心別人說的話。在這些家庭中，交流是在一個足夠深的層次上，所有成員能夠分享他們的感受，目標(biāo)，成就和經(jīng)驗。當(dāng)一些反饋和建設(shè)性的批評被給予時，愛和情感通過使用積極的詞語來表達)”可知，在健康的家庭關(guān)系中成員們的交流都是積極的、有意義的。G項“擁有健康關(guān)系的家庭會進行積極而有意義的交流”符合本段主旨，“munication”是關(guān)鍵詞。故選G?！?8題詳解】空處位于段末應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Familymembersholdfamilyasatoppriority(優(yōu)先考慮的事)andconsidertheimpactonrelativesbeforemakingimportantdecisions.Familymembersaredependableandalwaysthereforeachotherintimesofcrisis.(家庭成員把家庭作為最優(yōu)先考慮的事情，家庭成員在做重要決定前，會考慮對親屬的影響。家庭成員是可靠的，在危機時刻總是相互幫助)”可知，家庭成員會相會幫助，這樣成員就不會覺得什么都靠自己獨立解決。A項“因此，家庭成員們并不覺得自己是孤立無援的”符合題意，與上文形成明顯的因果關(guān)系。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)主旨句“Acharacteristicofhealthyfamilyrelationshipisthattheyspendtimedoingenjoyableactivitiestogether.(健康家庭關(guān)系的一個特點是他們花時間一起做愉快的活動)”可知，本段主要說明在健康的家庭關(guān)系中成員們會一起度過快樂、有意義的時光。再結(jié)合下文“Often,theseactivitiesbeefamilytraditions,suchassharingmealstogether,havingfamilyoutingseveryweekendorplayingsportstogether.(通常，這些活動會成為家庭傳統(tǒng)，比如一起吃飯，每個周末一起外出或一起運動)”推知，上文提到了有利于增進家庭成員關(guān)系的活動。E項“家庭成員傾向于選擇有助于家庭關(guān)系更加親密的活動”符合題意，且