《化妝品術(shù)語英漢翻譯的探究（英語）》（論文）

化妝品術(shù)語英漢翻譯的研究【摘要】自從化妝品出現(xiàn)以來，越來越多的人關(guān)注它。對(duì)于不懂英語的人們來說，要想獲得更好的產(chǎn)品，直觀性很重要。但是化妝品術(shù)語繁多，所以英漢翻譯需要準(zhǔn)確易懂。目前，較少研究關(guān)注化妝品術(shù)語。本文以百度百科和雅詩(shī)蘭黛化妝品說明書中的化妝品術(shù)語為分析材料，試圖在功能對(duì)等理論的指導(dǎo)下，從詞匯、文化、美學(xué)三個(gè)層面分析這些術(shù)語。結(jié)果表明，從詞匯層面來看，化妝品術(shù)語為了傳達(dá)原文信息，采用直譯策略，既保持原文內(nèi)容，又保持原文形式，最大限度地傳達(dá)源語所表達(dá)的信息。這樣讀者就能完全接收到信息。從文化的角度來看，為了使目標(biāo)語受眾的反應(yīng)與源語受眾相似，采用了添加文化元素的策略。從美學(xué)的角度來看，再現(xiàn)源語言的風(fēng)格，使語言流暢，則必須使語言生動(dòng)、有趣、豐富、簡(jiǎn)潔。通過本文的研究能夠給化妝品術(shù)語研究的譯者一些啟示，為化妝品翻譯做出一定的貢獻(xiàn)，幫助公眾更好的理解?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】化妝品術(shù)語;功能對(duì)等理論;詞匯;文化;美學(xué)1.IntroductionIncludingskincareterms,skincareprofessionalterms,makeuptoolsandotherterms,cosmeticterminologyisatechnicaltermusedintheintroductionandpurchaseofcosmetics.Cosmetictermsappeartoletbuyersknowwhatcosmeticsareusedforandhowtousethem.Therearenumeroustranslationsofcosmetictermsavailableonline.Aftercomparison,theauthorchosethetranslationcomparisontextprovidedbyBaiduEncyclopediaandEsteeLaudercosmeticsinstructions.ThecontentofBaiduEncyclopediaandEsteeLaudercosmeticsinstructionshavebeencertifiedbyprofessionalorganizations,soitismoreauthoritative.Comparedtoothertexts,thecontentprovidedinthisarticleismoreorganizedandclear.Thispaperclassifiesthetranslationofcosmetictermsfromthreeaspects:skincareproducts,skincarespecialty,cosmetictoolsandotherterms,sothatreaderscanunderstandcosmetictermsmoreeasilyandclearly.Thispaperadoptsfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzethetext.ThistheorywasdevelopedbyAmericanlinguistEugeneNida.Headvocatedthattranslationshouldnotrequirerigidcorrespondenceonthesurfaceofwords,butshouldachievefunctionalequivalencebetweentwolanguages(Nida,1975).Inliterarytranslation,thistheoryisoftenusedasatranslationprincipleinordertoaccuratelyreproducetheculturalconnotationsofthesourcelanguageinthetargetlanguage.Thetranslationofcosmetictermsneedstoproperlyreproducetheculturalconnotationoftheoriginallanguageinordertoachieveaccuratepublicunderstanding.InChina,LiuJiayan(2012),YaoJianshu(2014)andDaiMengsha,ZhangHuaxia(2018)usedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzecosmeticsrelatedinformation.Therefore,thispaperintendstousefunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzeandstudythesecosmetictermsfromthreeaspectsofvocabulary,cultureandaesthetics.Thispaperisdividedintofivechapters.Thefirstchapteristheintroduction,introducesthedefinitionofcosmeticterms,thepurposeandoccasionofuseandthechoice.Chaptertwoisaliteraturereview,whichsystematicallyreviewstherelevantresearchoffunctionalequivalencetheoryathomeandabroad.Chapterthreeisthetheoreticalbasis,introducingNida’sdynamicequivalencetheoryanditslaterfunctionalequivalencetheory.Inaddition,thesimilaritybetweenthepurposeofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsandtherequirementoffunctionalequivalenceisthefeasibilityofcombiningtheminthisstudy.ChapterfouristhemainpartoftheanalysisofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsfromtheperspectivesofvocabulary,cultureandaestheticsbyusingfunctionalequivalencetheory.Chapterfiveistheconclusion,includingtheconclusion,limitationsandfuturedevelopmentdirectionofthestudy.LiteraturereviewSinceNidaputforwardfunctionalequivalencetheory,scholarsathomeandabroadhavecarriedoutaseriesofresearchesusingfunctionalequivalencetheory,andthemainresearchresultsareasfollows:2.1OverviewofresearchonfunctionalequivalencetheoryabroadManyforeignscholarshavestudiedNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Forexample,Jakobson(1959)proposedtheconceptof“equivalenceindfferece”,thatis,althoughtherearedifferencesinculturalmeaningandgrammaticalstructurebetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage,butitstilldoesnotaffectthetransmissionofinformationbetweendifferentlanguages.Catford(1965)alsopointedoutthattranslationisabranchoflinguistics,whichcanbeunderstoodasreplacingthesourcelanguagetextwithanequivalenttextinthetargetlanguage.Theseviewpointsandconceptslayafoundationfortheperfectionanddevelopmentoffunctionalequivalencetheoryinthefuture.Nidadividedequivalenceintoformalanddynamicequivalence.Theformerpaysattentiontotheformandcontentofthesourcelanguage.Inotherwords,formalequivalenceisclosetothestructureofthesourcelanguagealsohelpsto“getclosetothelanguageandcustomsofthecultureoforigin”(Munday,2001).HisviewissimilartoNida’stheory:whileachievingcontentequivalence,theformoftheoriginaltextshouldbepreservedasmuchaspossible,sothatthetranslationcanachievethehighestlevelofequivalence,takingintoaccountbothsemanticsandstyle(Nida,2004).Statham(2005)studiedtheevolutionofNida’suseoftheterm"functionalequivalence”andsomeoftheproblemsthatappearedinit.HebelievesthatthefirstthingthatinfluencesNida’stheoryisthelanguageentity,secondly,Nida’sdefinitionofthetheoryhascertainlimitationsandgenerality,andthirdly,hepaystoolittleattentiontogrammar.Inaddition,Nord(2001)summarizedcomplexacademictheoriesandtermsoffunctionalschoolsinhisbookTeleologicalBehavioronFunctionalTranslationTheory,soastointegratetheacademicthoughtsofvariousfunctionalschoolscomprehensivelyandsystematically.TherearealsosomeChineseandWesternscholarsstudyingfunctionalequivalencetheory.InhisbookappliedTranslationFunctions,JiaWenbo(2004)combinedthewesternfunctionaltranslationtheorysystemandfocusedonEnglish-Chinesetranslationinaccordancewiththefunctionaltranslationpurposesandrequirementsofvarioustexts,suchasscienceandtechnology,currentpolitics,tourism,officialdocumentsandadvertising.Inaddition,MildredL.LarsonmentionedinhisbookMeaningTranslation:AGuidetoCross-linguisticEquivalencethat“itisnecessarytouseNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheorytoguidetranslationpractice.Agoodtranslationisastyleofthoughtthatcanfullyexpresstheoriginaltext.Thetranslationshouldremainfaithfulandthesourceandtargettextsshouldbenaturallyequivalent”(Larson,1997).2.2OverviewofdomesticfunctionalequivalencetheoryresearchChinesescholarshaveappliedfunctionalequivalencetheorytothestudyofbooktranslation.Forexample,YangDingge(2010)usedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoexplorethetranslationof“Tang”inthefourversionsofADreamofRedMansions.Theauthorsummarizesthetranslationof“Soup”inaDreamofRedMansions,andfindsthatthetranslatordoesnottranslatethesoupcompletelyinaccordancewiththewayoftheoriginaltext,butfullyconsidersthehistoricalandculturaldifferencesanddifferentculturalbackgroundsofthetargetlanguagereaders.ByapplyingNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,translatorscaneasilyunderstandthemeaningoftheoriginaltextandtheconnotationandessenceofChineseculturewithoutbeingconfused.YaoJianshu(2014)studiedthezerotranslationstrategyofcosmetictrademarksfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalequivalencetheory,andappliedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoguidethetranslationofcosmetictrademarksfromtheperspectiveofzerotranslationstrategy,inordertoachievethefunctionalequivalencebetweentheoriginaltextandthetargettext.Shebelievesthatundertheguidanceoffunctionalequivalencetheory,thezerotranslationstrategyofcosmeticstrademarksnotonlyretainsthecharmandstyleofthesourcelanguage,fullyembodiestheuniquecharmofcosmetics,butalsocaterstothepsychologyofsomeconsumerswhoseekthesameconsumptionexperienceasthesourcelanguageconsumers.Somescholarsusefunctionalequivalencetheorytostudythetranslationofnovels,filmsandlegaltexts.ZhengLianhua(2014)studiedthetranslationofrhetoricaldevicesinOHenry'sShortStories.Shebelievesthatitisnoteasytoachievenearlyperfecttranslationallthetime,butwecanmakeperfecttranslationaccordingtoNida’sreaderresponsetheoryandthetheoreticalframeworkofthehighestandlowestleveloffunctionalequivalencetheory.ZhouChong(2015)usedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzethepracticeoffilmsubtitletranslation.Hebelievesthataccordingtothecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitle,functionalequivalencecanbeachievedfromfourlevelsoflinguisticform,culture,pragmaticsandaesthetics.MaoXue(2017)analyzedthetranslationoflegaltexts.Inherarticle,shefocusesontheexpressionandapplicationoffunctionalequivalencetheoryinlexical,syntacticandstylisticaspectsinthetranslationofEnglishandChineselegaltexts,sothatthetwolanguagescanachievefunctionalequivalenceinarealsense.LiJuan(2020)usesfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzethetranslationpracticeofnewsterms.Shethinks,Nida’sequivalencetranslationtheoryisreallywanttoemphasizethatthetranslatorshouldnotbemechanicallyrigididea,butasfaraspossibleisgivenprioritytowithreaders,byconsideringthereader'swayofthinkingtoadjusttranslationskills,readinghabits,whichensuresthatthetranslationcanmaximizetheroleofthe“original”,soastofullymeetthedemandofthereader'sreading.Somescholarsalsousefunctionalequivalencetheorytostudythetranslationofnationalanthem.Guidedbythistheory,WuShaoqun(2021)analyzesthecharacteristicsofnationalanthemtranslationandstudiesthetranslationstrategiesofnationalanthem.HebelievesthataccordingtoNida’sfunctionalequivalencetranslationtheory,thegoalofsongtranslationistoachievetheclosestsingingeffectbetweenthetargetsingerandthesourcesinger.Inadditiontotheabovestudies,manyscholarsathomeandabroadhaveconducteddifferentstudiesonfunctionalequivalencetheory.Withtheeffortsoflinguists,thetheoryhasshownstrongdevelopmentpotentialandattractedtheattentionofmanylinguistsandlanguagelovers,whohaveconductedextensiveandin-depthresearchfromvariousaspectsandachievedmoreresults.Butmostofthemfocusonthetranslationpracticereportsofnovels,moviesubtitlesandbooks.Sofar,researchershavenotfoundresearchersusingthistheorytostudythecontentofEnglish-Chinesetranslationsofcosmeticterms.Therefore,thispaperaimstoanalyzecosmeticsrelatedterms,hopingtobehelpful.ThefunctionalequivalencetheoryAmericanlinguistNida(1964)proposedthefamous“dynamicequivalence”translationtheory,namely“functionalequivalence”,basedontheessenceoftranslationfromtheperspectiveoflinguistics.Inthistheory,hepointedoutthat“translationistousethemostappropriate,naturalandequivalentlanguagetoreproducethesourcelanguageinformationfromsemanticstostylistics”(GuoJianzhong,2000).Nida’sdefinitionoftranslationimpliesequivalencenotonlyinlexicalmeaning,butalsoinequivalenceinsemantics,styleandstyle.Translationconveysbothsuperficiallexicalinformationanddeepculturalinformation.Theequivalencein“dynamicequivalence”includesfouraspects:1.Lexicalequivalence,2.Syntacticequivalence,3.Textualequivalence,4.Stylisticequivalence.Inthesefouraspects,Nidabelievesthat“meaningisthemostimportantandformisthesecond”(GuoJianzhong,2000).Thisformislikelytoobscuretheculturalsignificanceofthesourcelanguageandhinderculturalcommunication.Therefore,inliterarytranslation,accordingtoNida’stheory,thetranslatorshouldtakethefouraspectsofdynamicequivalenceasthetranslationprinciple,andaccuratelyreproducetheculturalconnotationofthesourcelanguageinthetargetlanguage.Nidabelievesthat“dynamicequivalence”pursuesthemostnaturaltranslation,thatis,theequivalenceclosesttotheoriginaltext(Nida,1964).Dynamicequivalenceis“theclosestandnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguageinformation”(Nida,2004).Inthissentence,“equivalent”means“bearingtheinformationofthesourcelanguage”,“natural”torefertotheinformationacceptedbythetargetlanguagereaders,including“theclosest”isthemainpointsofthefunctionofNida’sdynamicequivalenceistorealizethesourcelanguageinformationandthetargetlanguageformaximumequivalentlanguageinformation,ratherthantostriveforthemaximumextent,intheformofapeer.Nida(1986)proposed“functionalequivalence”in“FromOneLanguagetoAnother”.Thisconceptreplaces“dynamicequivalence”.Nida(1984)believesthattheword“function”infunctionalequivalencehighlightstheactualcommunicativefunctionoftranslation,theabilitytoreorganizetheformandsemanticstructureofinformationinanappropriateway,andtocommunicatebetweenlanguagesandcultures.Forexample,whentranslatingtheEnglishidiom“springlikemushroom”,the“mushroom”originallymeans“蘑菇”,buttheChinesetranslationismostly“雨后春筍”,becauseinChineseculture,peoplearemorefamiliarwiththeidiomandtheimageofunderstandingis“雨后春筍”(Anonymity,2011).Nidabelievesthattranslationshouldachievefunctionalequivalencebetweentwolanguagesratherthanrigidcorrespondenceonthesurfaceofwords.Everyone’sunderstandingofthingsisdifferent,andthetranslationofasentenceisalsodifferent,butthemeaningexpressedbyeveryoneisthesame,whichispreciselythepurposeoftranslationforcommunicationinfunctionalequivalencetheory.Forthetranslator,thegreatestdifficultyistothoroughlyunderstandthereferentialandassociativemeaningofthetranslatedtext.Thisrequiresnotonlyanunderstandingofthemeaningandsyntacticrelationshipsofwords,butalsoanacuteawarenessofthenuancesofvarioustextualapproaches.TanZaixi,aChinesescholar,believesthatthecoreofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryisthatthewordingofthetranslationissmoothandnatural,thecontentisexpressiveandthereaderrespondssimilarly(TanZaixi,2004).Nida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryisagoodreferenceprinciplefortermtranslation,becauseitemphasizestheimportanceofreproducingtheculturalconnotationofthesourcelanguage,whichcanhelpreadersbetterunderstandthetruemeaningofterms.Asfarascosmeticsareconcerned,itisnecessarytoapplyfunctionalequivalencetheorytoEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmeticterms.Asweallknow,cosmetictermsareaveryimportantreferenceindexforconsumerstopurchaseproducts.SincemanycosmeticsinTheChinesemarketareproducedabroad,itisadifficultproblemforsomeconsumerswhodonotknowEnglishbutwanttobuycosmetics.However,translationisimpossibleforthetargetlanguagetobeexactlythesameastheoriginal.Therefore,itisimpossibletocreateaperfecttranslationthatfullydemonstratestheoriginalculturalconnotation,andthetranslatorcanonlyreproducethesourceculturetothemaximumextent.Thetranslationofcosmetictermsisaprocessoflanguagecreationcombiningtranslationandfashion,andalinkbetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageaudience.ProperEnglishandChinesecosmetictermsnotonlyretainthestyleofthesourcelanguage,butalsohelpthetargetaudiencetoeasilyunderstandthecontentofcosmeticterms.Theauthorbelievesthatitisfeasibletoapplyfunctionalequivalencetheorytothetranslationofcosmeticterms.FromthefouraspectsofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetranslationtheory,therearemainlythefollowingreasons.(1)Conveyoriginalinformation.Thetargetlanguageshouldconveytheinformationexpressedinthesourcelanguagetothemaximumextentsothattheinformationreceivedbythetargetlanguagereadersisbasicallythesameastheoriginalauthorwantstoconveytothesourcelanguagereaders.Thisstandardpointsthewayforthepracticeofcosmeticterminologytranslation,thatis,toensurethatthemostbasicinformationcanbefullyconveyed.Thisisthebasicrequirementforthetranslatortotranslateterms.(2)Similarresponsesfromreaders.Nidabelievesthatthereader’sfeelingsandreactionsfromthetranslationshouldbebasicallythesameasthosefromtheoriginaltext.Thetextofbasketballterminologymeetstheneedsofreaderstounderstandbasketballterminology.Therefore,intermtranslation,translatorsmustpayattentiontoreaders'responses,whichisconsistentwithNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.(3)Conveythespiritandstyleoftheoriginalwork.Theequivalencebetweentranslationandoriginaltextisnotonlyinformationequivalence,butalsostyleequivalence.Ifthetranslationofcosmetictermsisguidedbythisstandard,translatorswillpayattentiontotherigorandscientificityoftermtranslation.(4)Fluentlanguage,inlinewiththegrammarrulesandexpressionhabitsofthetranslation.Intheprocessoftranslation,itisnecessarynotonlytorestoretheoriginalinformation,butalsotoensureproperexplanationofterms,fluentlanguage,inlinewiththehabitofexpression,andnottocreatevocabularyatwill.Intranslation,weshouldfollowthistranslationprinciple,useappropriatetranslationskillsaccordingtothewayofexpressioninChinese,trytomakethetranslationeasytounderstand,thetranslationresultisreasonable,inlinewiththehabitsofChinese,sothatconsumerscanunderstandmoresmoothly.ThefinalserviceobjectofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsisconsumers.ThepurposeofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsistohelpconsumerswhoarenotfamiliarwiththesourcelanguagetounderstandthesourcelanguageinformationmoreeasily.Meanwhile,dynamicequivalencetheoryholdsthattranslationisawayofcommunication.Finally,theacademiccirclehasconductedstudiesoncosmetictranslationfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalequivalence,suchasLiuJiayan(2012),YaoJianshu(2014),DaiMengsha,ZhangHuaxia(2018).ThismakestheauthormoreconvincedthatitisfeasibletoapplyfunctionalequivalencetheorytoEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmeticterms.AnalysisofcosmeticterminologytranslationfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalequivalencetheoryFunctionalequivalencetheoryattachesimportancetofunctionalequivalenceratherthanpurelypursuingformalequivalence.Firstofall,whenintroducingcosmetics,consumersshouldbeinthemsoastoattractthembetter.Next,conciseandclearshouldbewantedwhenintroducing,abilitywonnotletconsumerhavetiredpsychology.Finally,thepresentationshouldbelivelyandinteresting,allowingconsumerstoimaginethebenefitsofusingtheproduct.Inthetranslationofcosmeticterms,weshouldtrytobeclosetothesourcelanguage,retaintheoriginalinformationandconveytheoriginalstyle,andpayattentiontoculturaldifferencestoavoidbigculturaldifferences.Onthebasisofunderstandingthesecharacteristicsofcosmeticterminologytranslation,theauthorbelievesthatfunctionalequivalencetheorycanguidethetranslationofcosmetictermsfromthethreeaspectsofvocabulary,cultureandaesthetics,soastoachievebetterandmoreaccuratetranslation.IncosmeticsEnglishtranslation,semanticequivalenceandstylisticequivalenceshouldbeachievedfirst.Theequivalencelevelincludeslexicalsemanticequivalence,andthestylisticlevelincludesthefourcharacteristicsofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmeticterms,namely,culturalequivalenceandaestheticequivalence.Belowisadetailedanalysisoftheselevels.4.1FunctionalequivalenceatthelexicallevelSomecosmetictermsaretranslatedusingliteraltranslationstrategy,thatis,translationmethodsortextsthatretainthecontentandformoftheoriginaltext.Thisenablesthetargettexttoconveytheinformationexpressedinthesourcelanguagetothemaximumextentandenablesreaderstoreceivetheinformationcompletely,whichconformstotheprincipleof“transmittingoriginalinformation”infunctionalequivalencetheory.Herearesomeexamples:(1)SkincareSkinmeans“皮膚”,caremeans“護(hù)理，照顧”,sothistermtranslate“護(hù)膚”.(2)NightcreamNightmeans“晚上”,creammeans“霜”,sothistermtranslateto“晚霜”.(3)CosmeticbagCosmeticmeans“化妝”,bagmeans“包”,sothistermtranslateto“化妝包”.(4)SeaweedmaskSeaweedmeans“海藻”,maskmeans“面膜”,sothistermtranslateto“海藻面膜”.(5)MassageoilMassagemeans“按摩”,oilmeans“油”,sothistermtranslateto“按摩油”.(6)SkinanalysisapparatusSkinmeans“皮膚”,analysismeans“測(cè)試，分析”,apparatusmeans“儀器”,sothistermtranslateto“皮膚測(cè)試儀”.(7)DisinfectboxDisinfectmeans“消毒”,boxmeans“箱”,sothistermtranslateto“消毒箱”.(8)HighfrequencymassageHighmeans“高的”,frequencymeans“頻率”,massagemeans“按摩儀”,sothistermtranslateto“高震按摩儀”.ElectrotherapystickElectrotherapymeans“電療”,stickmeans“棒”,sothistermtranslateto“電療棒”.Fromtheseexamples,wecanfindthatinEnglish-Chinesetranslationofmodifiers,manywordsaredirectlycombinedfromthemostbasicmeaningsofEnglishwords.English-Chinesetranslationisone-to-onecorrespondence,reflectinglexicalequivalence.4.2FunctionalequivalenceattheculturallevelInadditiontorealizingfunctionalpairsatthelexicallevel,theculturallevelisalsoveryimportant.Languageandculturemustbeinseparable.Consumers’purchaseofforeigncosmeticsisalsoaprocessofexperiencingandharvestingforeignculture.CulturalequivalenceisalsoanimportantpartofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Therefore,inthissection,theauthorwillexplorethefunctionalequivalenceoftargetlanguageandsourcelanguagefromaculturalperspective。(10)Rouge/blusher胭脂Rougeisthecosmeticthatpointstobesmearapplyatcheek,itspurposeistomakecheekhasstereofeeling,presentruddybloodcolorgoodhealthappearance.Redpigmentsareusuallyused,aswellasbrown,blue,bronzeandbeigetomeettheneedsofcosmeticuse.Rougesinceancienttimesitisakindofverygetthecosmeticthingsthatthefemalelikes,itsitselfexperiencedthedevelopmentoflongperiod.Inourcountry,themainrawmaterialofancientmakingrougeisredandblueflower,alsoknownasredflower,whichisfrequentlyrecordedandoftenusedasmedicine,dyeandcosmeticrawmaterialsinceHanDynasty.Therefore,thetranslationoftheterm“rouge”incosmeticsinto“胭脂”enablesChineseconsumerstobetterunderstandthemeaningofthistermandreflectsthefunctionalequivalenceattheculturallevel.(11)Bridalmakeup新娘妝RichaureateforChinesestylebrideaddedthesenseofgraceandgrace,themakeuplookofjinyaocolorandmetallicfeelinghandineachotherreflect,refractthenobletemperamentthatgivesabridepeculiar,andChinesestylebridemakeupcanletmoreWesternstylebrideexperiencethewenwanlastingappealofChinesestylebride.ChinaandtheWesthavedifferentunderstandingsofbridalmakeup.Therefore,thetranslationof“bridalmakeup”into“新娘妝”canbetterreflectthefunctionalequivalenceofculture.(12)Pierceears打耳孔Theideaofpiercingawoman’searwithaheavybeadonitwasactuallytoremindthemtolivediscreetlyandbecareful.LaterslowlyspreadtotheCentralPlains,alsoslowlyacceptedbytheHanpeople.Legendhasitthatinancienttimes,therewasagirlwithaneyeproblem,whichledtoblindness.Later,shemetafamousdoctorwhoprickedherearlobewithasilverneedletorestoresight.Thegirlwasverygrateful,sosheputearringsonherearstothankthefamousdoctorforhiskindness.Aftertheideaofpiercingyourearstomakeyoureyesbrightspread,moreandmorewomenbegantofollowsuit,soithasbeenspreadtotoday,andhasgraduallybecomeawaytolovebeauty.Therefore,thetranslationof"pierceears"into“打耳孔”canbetterreflectthefunctionalequivalenceontheculturallevel.Inothercultures,theunderstandingofsomespecifictermsisdifferent,andeachcountryhasadifferenthistoryandculture.Therefore,inthetranslationofthiskindofwordstotakeintoaccounttheaboveculturalbackground,totranslate“rouge,earpiercing”andotherwords,sothatconsumerscanreallyexperiencethefunctionandroleofthesecosmetics.Behindthedifferentculturalfeatures,consumers'responsesaresimilartothoseofthesourcelanguage,whichreflectsthefunctionalequivalencebetweenthetargetlanguageandthesourcelanguageintheculturaltranslationofcosmeticterms.4.3FunctionalequivalenceattheaestheticlevelCosmeticsarethesymboloffashion.Byshowingbeautifulfacesanddelicateskin,theybringconsumersincisivelyandvividlytheenjoymentexperience,notonlyphysicalsatisfaction,butalsopsychologicalhappiness.Therefore,inthetranslationofcosmeticterms,itisnecessarynotonlytoaccuratelyconveythebasicinformationofthesourcelanguage,butalsotoexpressitontheaestheticlevel.Afterall,makingconsumershappyisoneofthepurposesofsellingcosmetics.Therefore,thissectionwillanalyzetheEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsattheaestheticlevel.(13)Whitening美白Translatedas“美白”.Theliteraltranslationofthiswordmeanswhitening,whichtranslatesaswhitening,richer,notonlywhite,butalsobeautiful,canmakepeoplefeelbetterproducts.(14)Bodylotion潤(rùn)膚露Translatedas“潤(rùn)膚露”.Thisreferstoanemulsionbasedskincareproducts,withmoisturizing,protectingtheskin,replenishingtheskinneededoil,moisture,maintainskinmoisturebalance,soastomaketheskinsoftandmoist.Thetranslationof“bodylotion”to“潤(rùn)膚乳”addsrichnesstotheproduct'sfunction.(15)Anti-wrinkle抗老防皺Translatedas“抗老防皺”.Intheconceptofeveryone,wrinklesrepresentold,oldwillhavewrinkles,“anti-wrinkle”translatedinto“抗老防皺”tobringpeopleontheperceptionisveryimportant,caneffectivelyattractconsumerstobuyproducts.(16)Combination混合性皮膚Thewordisgenerallytranslatedas“組合，結(jié)合”,buthereitistranslatedas“混合性皮膚”,addingtotherichnessoftheword.(17)Longlasting持續(xù)的Longmeans“長(zhǎng)的，久的”inthedictionary.Longlastingmeanstolastforalongtime.(18)Peeling敷面剝落式面膜Translatedas“敷面剝落式面膜”.Peelasaverbmeans“脫皮，剝落”.Here,itistransformedintoanounandtranslatedintoapeelingmask,whichismorevivid,interestingandconcise.Thefunctionandusageareexpressedinoneword.(19)Collagenhyalronic補(bǔ)充骨膠原Collagenmeans“膠原質(zhì)”,hylronicmeans“透明質(zhì)酸的，玻尿酸”.Thetwowordscombinedtranslatetocomplementboneglue,moreabundant.(20)Idealistoptimizerset細(xì)致嫩膚套裝Idealistmeans“理想主義者”