2019高考英語一輪復習課時作業(yè)14Earthquakes

課時作業(yè)(四)必修1Unit4EarthquakesⅠ.閱讀理解A(2018·湖南六校聯(lián)考)Aftertheearthquakehadstopped,whentherescuersreachedtheruinsofayoungwoman'shouse,theysawherdeadbodythroughthecracks.Butherposewassomehowstrangethatshekneltonherkneeslikeapersonwasworshipping(禮拜);herbodywasleaningforward,andhertwohandsweresupportedbyanobject.Thecollapsedhousehadcrashedherbackandherhead.Withsomanydifficulties,theleaderoftherescueteamputhishandthroughanarrowgaponthewalltoreachthewoman'sbody.Hewashopingthatthiswomancouldbestillalive.However,thecoldandstiffbodytoldhimthatshehadpassedawayforsure.Heandtherestoftheteamleftthishouseandweregoingtosearchthenextcollapsedbuilding.Forsomereasons,theteamleaderwasdrivenbyapellingforcetogobacktotheruinedhouseofthedeadwoman.Again,hekneltdownandusedhishandthroughthenarrowcrackstosearchthelittlespaceunderthedeadbody.Suddenly,hescreamedwithexcitement，“Achild!Thereisachild！”Thewholeteamworkedtogether;carefullytheyremovedthepilesofruinedobjectsaroundthedeadwoman.Therewasa3-month-oldlittleboywrappedinafloweryblanketunderhismother'sdeadbody.Obviously,thewomanhadmadeasacrificeforsavingherson.Whenherhousewasfalling,sheusedherbodytomakeacovertoprotectherson.Thelittleboywasstillsleepingpeacefullywhentheteamleaderpickedhimup.Themedicaldoctorcamequicklytoexaminethelittleboy.Afterheopenedtheblanket,hesawacellphone.Therewasatextmessageonthescreen.Itsaid,“Ifyoucansurvive,youmustrememberthatIloveyou.”Thiscellphonewaspassedaroundfromonehandtoanother.Everybodythatreadthemessagewept.“Ifyoucansurvive,youmustrememberthatIloveyou.”Suchisthemother'sloveforherchild!【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。地震中一位年輕的媽媽為了保護年幼的兒子，用自己的身體彎出的弧度給了兒子一片安全的地帶，并在上留言，表達自己對兒子深深的愛。1.Whydidtheleaderoftherescueteamdecidetoleavethehouse?A．Hedidn'tnoticethewoman.B．Helefttoaskforhelp.C．Heknewshewasdead.D．Thegapwastoonarrowforhishandtogetthrough.答案與解析：C'考查細節(jié)理解。【關(guān)鍵句】However，thecoldandstiffbodytoldhimthatshehadpassedawayforsure.(第二段最后一句)譯文：然而，冰冷僵硬的身體告訴他她確實已經(jīng)死了。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，救援隊的隊長確定這個女人已經(jīng)死去后決定帶隊離開。故選C。2.Thereasonwhythewomandiedinsuchastrangeposewasthat________.A．herhandsweresupportedbyanobjectB．theearthquakehappenedwhenshewasworshippingC．herkneeswereseverelyinjuredD．shetriedtoprotectherbabywithherownbody答案與解析：D'考查細節(jié)理解?！娟P(guān)鍵句】Obviously,thewomanhadmadeasacrificeforsavingherson.Whenherhousewasfalling，sheusedherbodytomakeacovertoprotectherson.(第四段第三、四句)譯文：顯然，這個女人為了救她的兒子做出了犧牲。當她的房子塌下來時，她用自己的身體作掩護來保護她的兒子。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，那個女人用身體彎出弧度來保護自己的兒子，所以死時姿勢奇特。故選D。3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AstrangeposeintheruinsB．Arescueteam'sstruggleC．Amother'sloveintheruinsD．Aheart-breakingscene答案與解析：C'考查標題概括。文章主要講述地震中一位母親為了保護年幼的兒子，用身體彎出弧度給了兒子一片安全的地帶，并在上留言，表達了對兒子深深的母愛。因此C項“廢墟中的母愛”能概括全文內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選C。亮點句積累：Thelittleboywasstillsleepingpeacefullywhentheteamleaderpickedhimup.(倒數(shù)第二段最后一句)譯文：當隊長把小男孩抱起來時，他仍在安穩(wěn)地睡著。B(2018·陜西省部分學校第一學期摸底檢測)Anewstudyhasfoundtheamountofantibiotics(抗生素)giventofarmanimalsisexpectedtoincreasebytwo-thirdsoverthenext15years.Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstotheincreasingneedformeat,milkandeggs.However,thedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibiotic-resistantinfections(感染).SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnitedStates.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)noteswhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty(貧困),thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.WiththerapiddevelopmentofAsia,peoplethereareeatingnearlyfourtimesasmuchmeat,milkandothermilkproductsastheydid50yearsago.Tomeettheneed,farmershaveputmanyanimalsintosmallerspaces.Astheanimalsarecrowdedtogether,theeasiestwaytodealwithsomeoftheproblemsofcrowdingistogivethemantibiotics.It'sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyincrowdedenvironmentsandgrowfaster.Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually.Nowadays,doctorsfindantibioticsthatonceworkedagainsttheinfectionsnolongerwork.Thebacteriahavelearnedwaystofightagainstthedrugs.Theheavyuseofantibioticsinfarmanimalsisresponsibleforthegrowthofantibioticresistanceworldwide.EachyearintheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetantibiotic-resistantinfectionsandatleast23,000diefromtheseinfections.Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.AndtheUnitedStatesishopingtopersuadefarmerstostopusingantibioticsforthatpurpose.【文章大意】本文主要圍繞在農(nóng)場動物身上使用抗生素的負面影響展開。【難句分析】TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)noteswhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty(貧困)，thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter，ratherthanearnmoremoney.分析：本句為復合句。notes后接省略了連接詞that的賓語從句；該賓語從句中含有when引導的時間狀語從句whenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty;theywanttodo為省略了關(guān)系詞that的定語從句，修飾thefirstthing;ratherthan連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)在賓語從句中作表語。譯文：世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，當人們擺脫貧窮之后，他們想做的第一件事情就是吃得好點，而不是掙更多的錢。4.Whataccountsfortheincreasingamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimals?A．Thedesirefornewdrugs.B．Thelesseffectiveantibiotics.C．Theoutdatedfarmtechnology.D．Theneedformorevariousfoods.答案與解析：D'考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstotheincreasingneedformeat,milkandeggs.”可知，研究人員認為用于農(nóng)場動物身上的抗生素的數(shù)量增加與人們對各種不同的食物的需求增加有關(guān)，故選D項。5.WhatdomostpeoplewanttodofirstwhentheygetridofpovertyaccordingtotheWHO?A．Makingalotofmoney.B．Focusingmoreonhealth.C．Havingmoremeatintheirdiet.D．Livinginabetterenvironment.答案與解析：C'考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)noteswhenpeoplestoplivingpoverty(貧困)，thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.”可知，C項正確。6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Antibioticsdoharmtoanimals.B．Antibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthy.C．AntibioticsareusedheavilyinEurope.D．Antibiotic-resistantbacteriaspreadtopeople.答案與解析：D'考查推理判斷。結(jié)合第四段中的“EachyearintheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetantibiotic-resistantinfectionsandatleast23,000diefromtheseinfections.”可推知，抗生素耐藥細菌傳播到了人身上，故選D。由第三段中的“It'sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyincrowdedenvironmentsandgrowfaster.”可知，A項表述有誤，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.”可知C項表述錯誤，可排除；B項最具干擾性，因為B項本身是正確的，但是B項是文中的明確信息，不需要推斷得出，而題干所要求的選項需要經(jīng)過推理判斷得來，所以B項不符合題意。諸如B項這類本身正確，但不滿足題干要求的選項是考生做題時需要特別留意的。7.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thenegativeeffectofantibioticsonfarmanimals.B．Theadvantagesofusingantibiotics.C．Thereasonforbanningtheuseofantibiotics.D．Anewwayofraisingfarmanimals.答案與解析：A'考查主旨大意。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可以看出，本文主要說的是在農(nóng)場動物身上使用抗生素的負面影響，故選A項。Ⅱ.七選五(2018·廣東省廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試一)We'veallexperiencedpeerpressure(同伴壓力).Ithappenstoeverybody.However,peoplehavedifferentreactions.Confidentpeoplerefusetodothingstheydon'twanttodo,butshyandanxiouspeopleoftengivein.Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem,orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew.__1__.It'shardbeingtheonlyonewhosaysnoandthequestionis:howdoyoudoit?__2__Ifyouthinkthatmissingmaths,orsmoking,orgoingsomewhereyouknowyourparentswouldn'tlikeisabadideathentheanswerissimple:don'tdoit.It'syourdecision,nobodyelse's.Youdon'tneedtobeaggressive.Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,“Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.”Beingonyourownagainsteverybodyelseisveryhard,soitcanreallyhelptohaveatleastoneotherpeer,orfriend,whowillsaynotoo.__3__Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble.Youdon'twantpeoplewhowillalwaysagreewiththemajority.Remember,themostpopularpeoplearen'talwaysthemosttrustworthy.__4__Youcanlearnalotfrompeopleofyourownage.Theycanteachyougreatfootballskillsorthebestwaytodoyourmathshomework.Theycanremendmusicandadviseyouonfashion.Anddon'tforgetyoucantellthemthingstoo,andthatalwaysfeelsgreat.So,findfriendswhohavesimilarinterests.Andremember,friendshipisn'taboutfeelingdepressedandguilty.__5__A．Chooseyourfriendscarefully.B．Firstly,youmustdecidewhatyoubelievein.C．It'saboutsharingexperiencesandhavingfun.D．Ofcourse,peerpressureisn'tpletelybad.E．Itmaybebecausetheywereallborntobestubborn.F．Depressionandguiltwillsurelygiveyoupeerpressure.G．Whateverthereason,somepeopleendupdoingthingstheyreallydon'twanttodo.【文章大意】自信的人通常選擇拒絕做不樂意做的事情，而害羞和焦慮的人通常會選擇接受。本文介紹了如何學會拒絕并解釋了如何從來自同伴的壓力中學習。1．答案與解析：G'根據(jù)空前兩句“Itmaybebecausetheywanttobeliked.Itmaybebecausetheyworrythattheirfriendswillmakefunofthem，orperhapsthey'rejustcuriousabouttryingsomethingnew”可知，那些害羞和焦慮的人做他們不想做的事情可能是為了讓別人喜歡自己，也可能擔心他們的朋友會取笑他們，或者僅是嘗試新事物。結(jié)合空處所在的位置可以判斷，空處承上啟下，說明不管是何種原因，這些人選擇了做他們不想做的事情，故G項符合文意。2．答案與解析：B'根據(jù)該段最后兩句“Youdon'tneedtoshoutandscream,butyoumustbeconfidentandyoumustbefirm.Youneedtosay,‘Nothanks.Idon'twanttodothat.’”可知，對于如何拒絕，你無需叫喊，但是要自信和堅定；據(jù)此可知，空處表示要確定你相信的東西，故B項符合文意。3．答案與解析：A'根據(jù)空后一句“Youwantfriendswhowillsupportyouwhenyou'reintrouble”可知，你需要在你困難時會支持你的朋友；據(jù)此可以判斷，空處介紹的是“要慎重選擇朋友”，故A項與此處匹配。4．答案與解析：D'根