2022年遼寧省部分中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題

省部分中學(xué)2023屆新高三摸底考試暨高二年級期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題考生注意：考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分150分第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABelowisalistofthemostworthwhilewritingcompetitionsavailable.TALFFlashFictionCompetitionThethemeofthiscontestfromThemeArtsandLiteratureFestivalis"ThePrimeofLile"inrecognitionofthel5thanniversaryofthedeathofMurielSpark.Youcandealwiththisthemeinanygenre(體裁)andinanywayyouchoose,althoughyouarelimitedto500words.Prizes:￡200,￡100,￡50.EntryFee:￡8.WildNaturePoetryAward2022HerewehaveanewcontestfromIndigoDreamsPublishing.Itisforpoemsofupto48linesonthesubjectofcruelsports,wildlifeingeneral,thenaturalworld,ortheenvironment.Prizes:￡200,￡100,￡75.EntryFee:￡5.SPMPoetryBookCompetitionThisinternationalcontestfromSentinelPoetryMovementisforfull-lengthpoetrycollectionsonanythemeandinanystyle.Toenter,yousubmitupto20pagesinitially.Ifshortlisted(入圍),youhavetosubmitthefullcollectionbeforeDecember31.Prizes:￡500,￡250,￡100.EntryFee:￡25.PoetrySpaceCompetition2022Here'sanewcontestfromPoetrySpace,anonlineplatformformodernpoetryfromaroundtheworld,whichrequirespoemsofupto40linesonanysubject.Youhavetobeover16toenter.ThejudgeisRosieJackson,apoetandcreativewritingtutor.Prizes:￡300,￡200,￡100.EntryFee:￡5.1.WhatisspecialaboutTALFFlashFictionCompetition?A.Itrequiresnoentryfee. B.Itisaboutacertaintheme.C.Ithasthelongesthistory. D.Itwasstartedbyafamousperson.2.Whichcontestrequestspartoftheentryfirst?A.SPMPoetryBookCompetition. B.PoetrySpaceCompetition2022.C.WildNaturePoetryAward2022. D.TALFFlashFictionCompetition.3.WhatcanweknowaboutthecontestfromPoetrySpace?A.Itisayearlycontest. B.Anyonecantakepart.C.Ithasmorethanonelimit. D.Inoffersthemostprizemoney.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【詳解】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了幾個值得參加的寫作競賽。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TALFFlashFictionCompetition中的“ThethemeofthiscontestfromThemeArtsandLiteratureFestivalis"ThePrimeofLile"inrecognitionofthel5thanniversaryofthedeathofMurielSpark”可知，這種競賽的主題是藝術(shù)和文學(xué)，以此紀(jì)念MurielSpark逝世15周年。由此可知這種競賽有一定的主題。故選B。2細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SPMPoetryBookCompetition中的“Toenter,yousubmitupto20pagesinitially.Ifshortlisted(入圍),youhavetosubmitthefullcollectionbeforeDecember31.”可知，為了入圍，你要遞交20頁的初稿。如果入圍，你必須在12月31日3細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PoetrySpaceCompetition2022中的“whichrequirespoemsofupto40linesonanysubject.Youhavetobeover16toenter.”可知，這個競賽有兩個要求。一個是：詩歌要求40行；其二是：年齡要在16歲以上。因此這種競賽的限制不止一個。故選C。BOnSept25,ateamofdoctorsmademedicalhistory.Inatwo-hourprocedure,ledbyDrRobertMontgomeryatNewYorkUniversity(NYU)LangoneHealthintheUS,doctorssuccessfullyattachedakidney(腎)fromagenetically-engineered(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)pigtoahuman.Thekidneyfunctionednormallyandwasn’trejected(排斥)bytheperson’simmunesystem.Montgomerysaidthatthesuccesswasgreat.“Itwasakidneythatwasimmediatelyfunctioning,”MontgomerytoldCBSNews.Therecipient(接受者)wasabrain-deadpatientwithsignsofkidneydysfunction(功能障礙)whosefamilyagreedtotheexperimentbeforeshewasduetobetakenofflifesupport,researcherstoldReuters.Forthreedays,thekidneywasattachedtothepatient’sbloodvessels(血管)bytheupperlegandkeptoutsideherbody.Thiskidneywasnevermeanttoserveasapermanentlyfunctioningorganforthepatient.Instead,thepointoftheoperationwastotestwhetherthebodywouldrejecttheorgan.Researchershavebeenworkingtowardthepossibilityofusinganimalorgans,forexamplepigs’,fortransplantsforyears.Theproblemliesinhowtopreventthebodyfromrejectingtheorgan.Thisiswheretheideaofusinganorganfromagenetically-engineeredpigcameintoplay.AccordingtoPopularScience,pigcellscontainasugarmolecule(分子)thatisforeigntothehumanbodyandcausesorganrejection.Montgomery’steamthoughtthatusingagenetically-engineeredpigthatwouldn’tproducethissugarmoleculewouldovercometheproblemoforganrejection.Thiscouldgivehopetomanycommonpeople.MontgomerysaidthattheNYUkidneytransplant(移植)experimentwouldbringhopeforpatientswithkidneyfailurepossiblyinthenextyearortwo,CNNreported.Whilethereisstillmuchtobedonebeforeentirepigorgansareregularlyusedinpeople,thefutureitselfisencouraging.AmyFriedmantoldTheNewYorkTimesthatshehopesthatinthefuture,itwillbepossibletouseotherorgansgrowninpigsaswell.“It’strulyunbelievabletothinkofhowmanytransplantswemightbeabletooffer.”4.Whatwastheaimoftheexperiment?A.Tofindoutwhatcauseskidneydysfunction.B.Totestiftheanimalorganwouldberejected.C.Tostudywhatcausesthehumanbodytorejectanorgan.D.Toseewhatkindsofanimalorganscouldworkinhumans.5.Howdidtheresearchersovercomethechallenge?A.Byenlargingthesugarmolecule.B.Byadjustingthepositionofthekidney.C.Byusingagenetically-engineeredpig.D.Byaddingasugarmoleculetotheorgan.6.What’sthemeaningoftheexperiment?A.Itdevelopedapermanentlyfunctioningorgan.B.Itprovidesaperfectsolutiontokidneyfailure.C.Itisthefirsttimeabrain-deadpatienthasbeencured.D.Itmarksasteptowardusingpigkidneysfortransplants.7.What’sFriedman’sattitudetowardtheprospectofusingentirepigorgansfortransplants?A.Doubtful. B.Worried.C.Positive. D.Uncertain.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了羅伯特·蒙哥馬利博士帶領(lǐng)的醫(yī)療團隊成功地將從一頭轉(zhuǎn)基因豬豬身上摘下的腎臟移植到人體，且功能正常，這一實驗為腎功能衰竭患者帶來了希望?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thiskidneywasnevermeanttoserveasapermanentlyfunctioningorganforthepatient.Instead,thepointoftheoperationwastotestwhetherthebodywouldrejecttheorgan.(這個腎臟本來就不是用來作為病人的永久功能器官的。相反，手術(shù)的目的是測試身體是否會排斥器官)”可知，手術(shù)實驗的目的是測試動物器官是否會被排斥。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theproblemliesinhowtopreventthebodyfromrejectingtheorgan.(問題在于如何防止身體對器官的排斥)”和第七段“Montgomery’steamthoughtthatusingagenetically-engineeredpigthatwouldn’tproducethissugarmoleculewouldovercometheproblemoforganrejection.(蒙哥馬利的團隊認為，使用不會產(chǎn)生這種糖分子的轉(zhuǎn)基因豬可以克服器官排斥的問題)”可知，研究人員利用轉(zhuǎn)基因豬來克服器官排斥的問題。故選C項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“Montgomery’steamthoughtthatusingagenetically-engineeredpigthatwouldn’tproducethissugarmoleculewouldovercometheproblemoforganrejection.Thiscouldgivehopetomanycommonpeople.(蒙哥馬利的團隊認為，使用不會產(chǎn)生這種糖分子的轉(zhuǎn)基因豬可以克服器官排斥的問題。這可以給許多普通人帶來希望)”和第八段中“MontgomerysaidthattheNYUkidneytransplant(移植)experimentwouldbringhopeforpatientswithkidneyfailure,possiblyinthenextyearortwo,CNNreported.(據(jù)美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)報道，蒙哥馬利表示，紐約大學(xué)的腎移植實驗可能在未來一兩年為腎衰竭患者帶來希望)”可推知，紐約大學(xué)的腎移植實驗證明轉(zhuǎn)基因豬可以克服器官排斥問題，標(biāo)志著豬腎移植又向前邁進了一步。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AmyFriedmantoldTheNewYorkTimesthatshehopesthatinthefuture,itwillbepossibletouseotherorgansgrowninpigsaswell.‘It’strulyunbelievabletothinkofhowmanytransplantswemightbeabletooffer.’(艾米·弗里德曼在接受《紐約時報》采訪時表示，她希望將來也能使用豬身上生長的其他器官?！幌氲轿覀兡芴峁┒嗌僖浦彩中g(shù)，就覺得難以置信。’)”可推知，F(xiàn)riedman對于移植豬身上的其他器官充滿期待，持樂觀態(tài)度。故選C項。CLikemostrobots,socialrobotsuseartificialintelligencetodecidehowtoactoninformationreceivedthroughcamerasandothersensors.Theabilitytorespondinwaysthatseemlifelikehasbeeninformedbyresearchintosuchissuesashowperceptions(知覺)form,whatconstitutessocialandemotionalintelligence,andhowpeoplecaninferothers’thoughtsandfeelings.AdvancesinAlhaveenableddesignerstotranslatesuchpsychologicalandneuroscientificinsightsintoalgorithmsthatallowrobotstorecognizevoices,fecesandemotions;interpretspeechandgestures;respondappropriatelytocomplexverbalandnonverbalcues;makeeyecontact;speakconversationally;andadapttopeople’sneedsbylearningfromfeedback,rewardsandcriticisms.A47-inchhumanoid(類人物)calledPepper(fromSoftBankRobotics)recognizesfacesandbasichumanemotionsandengagesinconversationsviaatouchscreeninits“chest,”About15,000Peppersworldwideperformsuchservicesashotelcheck-ins,airportcustomerservice,shoppingassistanceandfast-foodcheckout.Temi(fromTemiUSA)andLoomo(SegwayRobotics)arethenextgenerationofpersonalassistants—likeAmazonEchoandGoogleHomebutmobile,providinganewleveloffunctionality.Loomo,forinstance,isnotonlyacompanionbutcanalsotransformoncommandintoascooter(小型摩托車)fortransport.Socialrobotshaveparticularappealforassistingtheworld’sgrowingelderlypopulation.ThePAROTherapeuticRobot(developedbyJapan’sNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology),whichlookslikeaseal,softandcute,ismeanttostimulateandreducestressforthosewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandotherpatientsincarefacilities:itrespondstoitsnamebymovingitshead,anditcriesforpetting.Mabu(CataliaHealth)engagespatients,particularlytheelderly,asawellnessaide,remindingthemtotakewalksandmedicationandtocallfamilymembers.Socialrobotsarealsogainingpopularitywithconsumersastoys.Earlyattemptstoincludesocialbehaviorintoys,suchasHasbro’sBabyAliveandSony’sAIBOroboticdog,hadlimitedsuccess.Butbothareresurging(復(fù)活),andthemostrecentversionofAIBOhasadvancedvoiceandgesturerecognition,canbetaughttricksanddevelopsnewbehaviorsbasedonpreviousinteractions.Worldwidesalesofconsumerrobotsreachedanestimated$5.6billionin2018,andthemarketisexpectedtogrowto$19billionbytheendof2025,withmorethan65millionrobotssoldayear.Thistrendmayseemsurprisinggiventhatmultiplewell-fundedconsumerrobotcompanies,suchasJiboandAnki,havefailed.Butawaveofrobotsislininguptotaketheplaceofoldrobots,includingBUDDY(BlueFrogRobotics),abig-eyedmobiledevicethatplaysgamesinadditiontoactingasapersonalassistantandprovidinghomeautomationandsecurity.8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Howsocialrobotsreceiveinformation.B.Whatresearchhasbeenconductedaboutsocialrobots.C.Whysocialrobotscanrespondinlifelikeways.D.Howdesignerstranslateinsightsintosocialrobots.9.ExamplesareusedinParagraph2toshowthatsocialrobotsare________.A.fillinganexpandingvarietyofroles B.gettinghigherintelligenceC.interactingwithpeople D.learningtorespondinlifelikeways10.Accordingtothepassageweknowthat________.A.socialrobotscanhavevariousformsandappearancesB.PAROcaninteractwithpeoplebymovingitsheadlikeadogC.themostrecentversionofAIBOhasachievedasgreatsuccessasbeforeD.thesalesofconsumerrobotshavebeenincreasingaseverexpected11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Morecompanieswillinvestonsocialrobots.B.Socialrobotsplaynicelywithhumanbeings.C.Socialrobotshavegreateffectsonelderpeople’slife.D.Artificialintelligenceenablessocialrobotstomakedecisions.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了社交機器人的功能發(fā)展，從人工智能技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使社交機器人可以運轉(zhuǎn)，講到不同形態(tài)的機器人豐富人類的生活，再講到各品牌的機器人發(fā)展的增長?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是Likemostrobots,socialrobotsuseartificialintelligencetodecidehowtoactoninformationreceivedthroughcamerasandothersensors.(和大多數(shù)機器人那樣，socialrobots用人工智能去處理它攝像機和傳感器接收到的信號)以及后文陳述的高等級的AIrecognizevoice,facesandemotions等等可知，本段主要解答了為什么人工智能能逼真地做出回應(yīng)。C.Whysocialrobotscanrespondinlifelikeways.(為什么人工智能能逼真地做出回應(yīng))符合以上說法，故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Temi(fromTemiUSA)andLoomo(SegwayRobotics)arethenextgenerationofpersonalassistants—likeAmazonEchoandGoogleHomebutmobile,providinganewleveloffunctionality.Loomo,forinstance,isnotonlyacompanionbutcanalsotransformoncommandintoascooter(小型摩托車)fortransport.(來自TemiUSA的Temi和Loomo是新一代的個人助理——就像亞馬遜的Echo和谷歌的Home一樣，除了是移動設(shè)備，他們還提供了一個新的功能級別。例如：Loomo不僅是一個伙伴，而且還可以根據(jù)命令轉(zhuǎn)換成一個交通用的小型摩托車)可知，舉例是為了說明這些社交機器人有很多功能和角色。A.fillinganexpandingvarietyofroles(扮演越來越多的角色)符合以上說法，故選A項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的ThePAROTherapeuticRobot(developedbyJapan’sNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology),whichlookslikeaseal,softandcute,ismeanttostimulateandreducestressforthosewithAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherpatientsincarefacilities:itrespondstoitsnamebymovingitshead,anditcriesforpetting.Mabu(CataliaHealth)engagespatients,particularlytheelderly,asawellnessaide,remindingthemtotakewalksandmedicationandtocallfamilymembers.Socialrobotsarealsogainingpopularitywithconsumersastoys.(帕羅治療機器人（由日本國立先進科學(xué)技術(shù)開發(fā)）看起來像一個海豹，柔軟可愛，是在治療中心為了刺激和減輕壓力與阿爾茲海默病和其他病的儀器。它通過搖頭響應(yīng)它的名字，哭著祈求愛撫。Mabu是病人，尤其是老年人的健康助手，提醒他們散步、服藥、并打電話給家人。社交機器人作為玩具也受到消費者的歡迎)可推測，社交機器人有各種形態(tài)和特征。A.socialrobotscanhavevariousformsandappearances(社交機器人有各種形態(tài)和外貌)符合以上推測，故選A項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段的Socialrobotshaveparticularappealforassistingtheworld’sgrowingelderlypopulation.(社交機器人對于幫助世界上不斷增加的老年人口有著特殊的吸引力)和第四段的Worldwidesalesofconsumerrobotsreachedanestimated$5.6billionin2018,andthemarketisexpectedtogrowto$19billionbytheendof2025,withmorethan65millionrobotssoldayear.(2018年，全球消費型機器人的銷售額預(yù)計達到56億瑞士法郎，到2025年底，這一市場預(yù)計增長到190億美元，每年將出售6500多萬臺機器人)可知，本文主要講述了社交機器人受到人們的歡迎，因為它們的需求量在不斷增加。B.Socialrobotsplaynicelywithhumanbeings.(社交機器人和人類相處得好)可以作為本文標(biāo)題，故選B項。DGoingtouniversityissupposedtobeamind-broadeningexperience.Thatstatementisprobablymadeincomparisontotrainingforworkstraightafterschool.Butisitactuallytrue?JessikaGolleoftheUniversityofTubingen,inGermanyreportsinPsychologicalSciencethisweekthatthosewhohavebeentouniversityindeedseemtoleavewithbroaderandmorecuriousmindsthanthosewhohavespenttheirimmediatepost-schoolyearsinvocational(職業(yè)的)trainingforwork.However,itwasnotthecasethatuniversitybroadenedminds.Rather,vocationaltrainingforworkseemedtohavenarrowedthem.Theresultisnotquitewhatmightbeexpected.Dr.Gollecametothisconclusionaftersheandateamofcolleaguesstudiedtheearlycareersof2,095Germanyoungsters.Theteamusedtwostandardizedteststoassesstheirvolunteers’personalitytraits(特點)includingopenness,conscientiousness(認真)andsoon,andattitudessuchasrealistic,investigativeandenterprisingtwice,oncetowardstheendofeachvolunteer’stimeathighschool,andthenagainsixyearslater.Oftheoriginalgroup,382hadtomakeachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,anditwasonthesethattheresearchersfocused.Universitybeckonedfor212ofthem.Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.Whenitcametothesecondroundoftests,Dr.Gollefoundthatthepersonalitiesofbothgroupshadnotchangedsignificantly.Asforchangesinaltitude,again,nonewerenoticeableintheuniversitygroup.However,thosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature.Andthatmightrestricttheirchoiceofcareers.Thechangesinattitudethattheresearchersrecordedweremoreworrying.VocationaltraininghasalwaysbeenwhatGermanypridesitselfon.IfDrGolleiscorrect,andchangesinattitudebroughtaboutbytheverytrainingarenarrowingpeople’schoicesthatisindeedamatterworthyofseriousconsideration.12.WhatdoesDr.Colle’sresearchsuggest?A.Goingtouniversityisamind-broadeningexperience.B.Collegestudentspridethemselvesontheireducation.C.Workingstraightafterschoolnarrowspeople’sminds.D.Attendinguniversityhasapparenteffectsonpersonalities.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“beckonedfor”inParagraph2mean?A.Examined. B.Attracted.C.Organized. D.Recognized14.Whatcanwelearnaboutvocationaltraining?A.itisessentialtoscientificresearch.B.Itleadstomarkedchangeinpersonality.C.Ithelpstobroadenthevolunteers’minds.D.Itcauseslessinterestininvestigativejob.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefinding?A.Skeptical. B.Optimistic.C.Concerned. D.Unclear.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹德國學(xué)者JessikaGolle通過研究表明并非大學(xué)教育讓人思維開闊，而是職業(yè)訓(xùn)練讓學(xué)生對調(diào)查型、創(chuàng)新型的工作降低了興趣，從而限制了該部分學(xué)生的職業(yè)選擇。然而德國人向來以職業(yè)訓(xùn)練為傲，這引起了作者的憂慮?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的中“vocationaltrainingforworkseemedtohavenarrowedthem”及第三段中的“However,thosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature.Andthatmightrestricttheirchoiceofcareers”可知，JessikaGolle的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，職業(yè)訓(xùn)練降低了學(xué)生對探究性工作的興趣，限制了他們的職業(yè)選擇，也就是說畢業(yè)后直接工作會使人們的思想狹隘，故選C?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前后的“Oftheoriginalgroup,382hadtomakeachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,”及“Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.”可知，此項研究中的382人，其中170人選擇接受職業(yè)訓(xùn)練或工作，其余212人進入大學(xué)，也就是說大學(xué)吸引了212人，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“吸引”，故選B?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“thosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature”可知，職業(yè)訓(xùn)練降低了學(xué)生對探究創(chuàng)新型工作的興趣，故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容，特別是“Thechangesinattitudethattheresearchersrecordedweremoreworrying.VocationaltraininghasalwaysbeenwhatGermanypridesitselfon.”可知，職業(yè)訓(xùn)練存在降低學(xué)生的興趣、限制職業(yè)選擇的缺點，但德國人卻以職業(yè)訓(xùn)練為傲，這引起作者的擔(dān)憂，故選C?！军c睛】本篇第2題詞義猜測的難度較大，抓住研究中的人數(shù)變動的是關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)畫線詞前后的“Oftheoriginalgroup,382hadtomakeachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,”及“Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.”可知，此項研究中的382人，其中170人選擇接受職業(yè)訓(xùn)練或工作，“remaining”一詞表明大學(xué)吸引走了212人，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“吸引”。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isnowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Itisaspace-basedsystemthatprovidespositionandtimeinformationinallweatherconditions.GPScanhelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.___16___Whenthishappens,thedriverisoftentoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,itisacombinationofthetwo.___17___BarryBrown,aGPStechnologist,tookanincidentasanexample.HisfriendonceflewtoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouse.Hewronglypluggedinthehomeaddressinthewest.Itwasn'tuntilhewasdrivingforthirtyminutesthatherealizedit.Mr.Brownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.Buthesays,“OneproblemisthatGPShasaverysmallscreenanditcanjusttellyouthenextturn.___18___”“TheNormalandNaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS”listsseveralareaswhereGPScancausedifficulties.Theyincludemapsthatareoutdated,incorrectordifficulttounderstand.___19___GPSmayfailduetothesereasonsandthenleadtoconfusionforthedrivers.AlthoughGPSsometimescausesdifficultieswhenpeoplearedriving,themostattractivepointofthissystemisits100%coverageontheplanet.ItisimportantforyoutohavetoknowwhatyouaredoingwhenyouuseGPS.Youneedtohavethe“ability”tobeabletouseGPSbecauseitsometimesgoeswrong.___20___A.TherearequiteafewsituationsshowingtheproblemsofusingGPS.BThatmeansthatitisnotreallytellingyouaboutgoingtothewrongplace.C.Thisspace-basedsystemisanimportanttoolforcivilandcommercialusers.D.Butsometimesitsendsyoutothewrongplaceorleavesyoucompletelylost.E.TheyalsocontaintimingproblemsrelatedtowhenGPScommandsaregiven.F.AdvancesintechnologyplayanactiveroleinmodernizingGPSinmanyways.G.TomakeGPSwellused,youneedagoodunderstandingofhowdriversandGPSwork.【答案】16.D17.A18.B19.E20.G【解析】【分析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。GPS能給駕駛者提供全天候覆蓋全球的時間和位置信息，但也帶來一些問題。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“GPScanhelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.”（GPS可以幫助人們到達他們想去的地方。）說到GPS的便利，下文“Whenthishappens,thedriverisoftentoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,itisacombinationofthetwo.”（當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時，司機往往是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住Ｓ袝r是GPS的錯誤造成的。大多數(shù)情況下，它是兩者的結(jié)合。）可知，后面說到GPS出現(xiàn)的問題，可推斷，文意反轉(zhuǎn)，D項But表示轉(zhuǎn)折。故選D?！?7題詳解】本空位于句首，起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文的作用。根據(jù)后文“BarryBrown,aGPStechnologist,tookanincidentasanexample.HisfriendonceflewtoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouse.Hewronglypluggedinthehomeaddressinthewest.Itwasn'tuntilhewasdrivingforthirtyminutesthatherealizedit.Mr.Brownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.”（全球定位系統(tǒng)技術(shù)專家巴里·布朗舉了一個例子。他的朋友曾經(jīng)飛到美國東部的一個機場。在那里，他借了一輛裝有GPS的車。他把家庭地址錯插在西邊了。直到開了三十分鐘他才意識到這一點。布朗先生說，這是一個常見的人為錯誤。）舉例具體說存在的問題。此句是段落主題闡述有相當(dāng)多的情況顯示了使用GPS的問題。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Buthesays,“OneproblemisthatGPShasaverysmallscreenanditcanjusttellyouthenextturn.”（但他表示:“一個問題是，GPS的屏幕非常小，它只能告訴你下一個轉(zhuǎn)彎。）GPS告訴你下一個拐彎，但是不等于告訴你去錯誤的地點，與B項吻合。故選B。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“‘TheNormalandNaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS’listsseveralareaswhereGPScancausedifficulties.Theyincludemapsthatareoutdated,incorrectordifficulttounderstand.”（《使用GPS駕駛的正常和自然的問題》列出了幾個可能導(dǎo)致GPS困難的領(lǐng)域。它們包括過時、不正確或難以理解的地圖。）。前文說GPS出現(xiàn)的若干問題，選項E列舉了另一個問題，文意連貫。故選E?！?0題詳解】此句在段尾，是對本段的總結(jié)。根據(jù)空前“AlthoughGPSsometimescausesdifficultieswhenpeoplearedriving,themostattractivepointofthissystemisits100%coverageontheplanet.ItisimportantforyoutohavetoknowwhatyouaredoingwhenyouuseGPS.Youneedtohavethe“ability”tobeabletouseGPSbecauseitsometimesgoeswrong.”（雖然GPS有時會在人們開車時造成困難，但這個系統(tǒng)最吸引人的一點是它在地球上的100%覆蓋。重要的是，當(dāng)你使用GPS時，你必須知道你在做什么。你需要有“能力”能夠使用GPS，因為它有時會出錯。）可知，前面強調(diào)使用GPS要明白的地方，前面的youneedto和G項的youneed一致，故選G。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處最佳選項。Concernsabouttheharmcausedby“toomuch”screentime—particularlywhenitisspentonsocialmedia—arewidespread.Butworkingoutwhata“healthy”___21___mightbeisfarfromeasy.Somenegativeexperiencesonsocialmedia—like___22___howyourappearancecomparestoothers—doaffectsomechildren.However,thisdoesnotmeanthattechnologyusein___23___isharmfulanditisdifficulttomakeclaimsabouthowitwillaffectdifferentpeople.ConsiderthepicturepaintedbyaUNICEFreviewofexistingresearchintotheeffectsofdigitaltechnologyonchildren’s___24___comfort,includinghappiness,mentalhealthandsociallife.Ratherthanstatingthatsocialmediawasharmful,itsuggestedamore___25___effect.TheUNICEFreporthighlighteda2017studythatexamined120,000UK15-year-olds.Amongthoseteenagerswhowerethelightestusers,itwasfoundthatincreasingthetimespentusingtechnologywaslinkedto___26___comfort—possiblybecauseitwasimportantforkeepingupfriendships.___27___,amongtheheaviestusersoftechnology,anyincreaseintimewaslinkedtolowerlevelsofcomfort.Overall,theUNICEFstudysuggestedthatsomescreentimecouldbegoodforchildren’smentalhealth.Abroaderlookatevidenceprovidedbysomeotherhighqualitystudiesagainsuggeststhestoryisnot___28___.Anearlystudyin2013lookedathowthetelevisionandvideogamehabitsof11,000UKfive-year-oldsaffectedthemtwoyearslater.Itisoneoffewstudiesactually___29___theeffectsoftechnologyovertime.Itsuggestedthat,comparedwithchildrenwhowatchedonehouroftelevisionorlessonaweekday,asmallincreaseinconductproblemswasseenamongthosewhowatchedmorethanthreehourseachday.Playingelectronicgames,however,wasnotseenasleadingtoagreater___30___offriendshiporemotionalproblems.Sohowmuchtimeshouldourchildrenspendlookingatscreens?Itisdifficulttobe___31___asdifferentpeoplespendtimeonlineinsuchdifferentways.Ausefulcomparisonmightbewithsugar.Broadlyspeaking,people___32___thattoomuchsugarcanbebadforyourhealth.Buttheeffectitmighthavecandependonmanyfactors,fromthetypeofsugartothepersonandtheamount.Wewouldnot___33___trustanyonewhoclaimstopredicthowsomeoneisaffectedbyconsumingonegramofsugar.Thesamecouldbesaidfor___34___usage:theoutcomesdependonsomanyfactorsthatonlyvery___35___predictionsarepossible.21.A.amount B.comparison C.experience D.medium22.A.accountingfor B.boastingof C.commentingon D.worryingabout23.A.general B.particular C.private D.public24.A.domestic B.material C.physical D.psychological25.A.complex B.dramatic C.harmless D.predictable26.A.improved B.maximum C.relative D.small27.A.Asarule B.Incontrast C.Onthewhole D.Worsestill28A.convincing B.definite C.probable D.true29.A.estimating B.experiencing C.reducing D.tracing30.A.connection B.power C.promotion D.risk31.A.balanced B.independent C.precise D.subjective32.A.agree B.forget C.object D.remember33.A.equally B.readily C.reluctantly D.weakly34A.emotiontherapy B.socialmedia C.TVbroadcasting D.videogame35.A.confident B.optimistic C.rough D.wild【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.D25.A26.A27.B28.B29.D30.D31.C32.A33.B34.B35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了社交媒體使用的結(jié)果取決于很多因素，所以很難精確地界定一個健康的屏幕時間的量?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們普遍擔(dān)心“過多”的屏幕時間（尤其是在社交媒體上）會造成傷害。但要弄清楚一個“健康”的量是多么的不容易。A.amount數(shù)量；B.comparison比較；C.experience經(jīng)驗；D.medium媒介?？涨罢f人們普遍擔(dān)心“過多”的屏幕時間會造成傷害，再結(jié)合下文的研究可知，要弄清楚一個健康的屏幕時間的量很不容易，故A項正確?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：社交媒體上的一些負面經(jīng)歷，比如擔(dān)心自己的外貌與別人的比較，確實會影響一些孩子。A.accountingfor導(dǎo)致；B.boastingof吹噓；C.commentingon評述；D.worryingabout擔(dān)心。根據(jù)空后的“howyourappearancecomparestoothers—doaffectsomechildren.”可知，擔(dān)心自己的外貌與別人的比較會對一些孩子造成影響，故D項正確?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：然而，這并不意味著（數(shù)字）技術(shù)的普遍使用是有害的，而且很難斷言它如何影響不同的人。A.ingeneral通常、普遍；B.inparticular特別、尤其；C.inprivate私下；D.inpublic當(dāng)眾。根據(jù)常識可知，數(shù)字技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代社會的人們普遍使用的，故A項正確?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：想想聯(lián)合國兒童基金會所描述的關(guān)于數(shù)字技術(shù)對兒童心理安慰的影響的研究，包括幸福、心理健康和社會生活。A.domestic國內(nèi)的；B.material物質(zhì)的；C.physical體力的；D.psychological心理的。根據(jù)空后的“includinghappiness,mentalhealthandsociallife.”可知此處指“心理安慰”，故D項正確?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它沒有說社交媒體有害，而是表明了一種更復(fù)雜的影響。A.complex復(fù)雜的；B.dramatic引人注目的；C.harmless無害的；D.predictable可預(yù)言的。根據(jù)下文對其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的介紹可知，聯(lián)合國兒童基金會的研究表明社交媒體對兒童的影響很復(fù)雜，故A項正確?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在那些最不常使用電子產(chǎn)品的青少年中，增加使用電子產(chǎn)品的時間可能與提高舒適度有關(guān)，因為這對維持友誼很重要。A.improved改進的、提高的；B.maximum最大極限的；C.relative相關(guān)的；D.small小的。根據(jù)空后的“possiblybecauseitwasimportantforkeepingupfriendships.”可知，因為這對維持友誼很重要，所以對那些最不常使用電子產(chǎn)品的青少年來說，增加使用電子產(chǎn)品的時間會提高舒適度，故A項正確?！?7題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：相比之下，在使用科技產(chǎn)品最多的人群中，任何時間的增加都與舒適程度的降低有關(guān)。A.Asarule照例；B.Incontrast相比之下、與此相反；C.Onthewhole大體上；D.Worsestill更糟的是。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是與那些最不常使用電子產(chǎn)品的青少年的對比，故B項正確?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對其他一些高質(zhì)量研究提供的證據(jù)進行更廣泛的研究再次表明，這一說法并不能站得住腳。A.convincing令人信服的；B.definite一定的、確切的；C.probable可能的；D.true正確的。根據(jù)下文對2013年的一項早期研究結(jié)果的介紹可知，空前說的一些屏幕時間可能有利于兒童的心理健康這種說法是站不住腳的，故B項正確?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是為數(shù)不多的追蹤技術(shù)的影響隨時間變化的研究之一。A.estimating評估；B.experiencing體驗；C.reducing減少；D.tracing追蹤?？涨罢f2013年的一項早期研究調(diào)查了11000名英國5歲兒童的電視和視頻游戲習(xí)慣兩年后對他們的影響，這說明這項研究追蹤了技