醫(yī)學資料 Unit7 population Health學習課件

Unit7Population&HealthPart1Numbers一、數(shù)字增減的表示方法

(一)表示"增加"的基本句式英語中常用來表示"增加"的單詞和詞組有:climb,goup,grow,increase,jump,rise,soar,up等等。下面我們介紹用這些詞來表示數(shù)字增加的具體句式:1.(表示增加的)動詞+by+數(shù)詞(+名詞)Inthecoming20years,China’spopulationabovetheageof16willgrowby5.5millionannuallyonaverage.在未來的20年內(nèi),中國16歲以上的人口平均每年將增加550萬。2.(表示增加的)動詞+up+to+數(shù)詞(+名詞)In1999,thedairycompanyhadanannualsaleofnearly400millionyuan,butitssalesshotupto2.1billionin2002.1999年,這家乳品公司年銷售額近4億元,到了2002年,年銷售額激增到21億元。3.百分數(shù)+up,表示凈增數(shù)Thegrainoutputinthisprovinceis20%upsince1990.自從1990年以來,這個省的糧食產(chǎn)量凈增了20％。4.百分數(shù)+(表示"增長、擴大"等含義的形容詞)比較級+than,表示凈增的數(shù)量Theretailsalesofthisyearareexpectedtobesixpercenthigherthanlastyear.今年零售額有望比去年增長6％。(二)表示"減少"的基本句式英語中常用來表示"減少"的單詞有:cut,decrease,down,drop,fall,off,reduce等等。下面介紹用這些詞來表示數(shù)量減少的具體句式:1.(表示減少的)動詞+by+數(shù)詞(+名詞)Profitsofthecarfactoryfellby62percentto$340million.這家汽車工廠的利潤下滑了62個百分點,至現(xiàn)在的3億4千萬美元。Theprimecostdecreasedby60%.主要成本減少了60％。Switchingtimesofthenewtypetransistorisshortenedbytwo-fifths.新型晶體管的開關(guān)時間縮短了五分之二。2.(表示減少的)動詞+to+數(shù)詞(+名詞),譯為"減少到……"ThePresidentisdeterminedtoreducethedeficitto$237billioninfiveyears.總統(tǒng)決心在五年內(nèi)將赤字減到2370億美元。3.百分數(shù)+off,表示凈減數(shù)Thepriceofbreadinthebakeryis10percentoffafter5p.m.下午五點后這家面包房的面包打九折出售。4.百分數(shù)+(表示"減少、降低"等含義的形容詞)比較級+than,表示凈減的數(shù)量Theretailsalesofthisyearissixpercentlowerthanlastyear.今年零售額比去年降了6％。二、倍數(shù)表示法英語中表示倍數(shù)增減和倍數(shù)對比關(guān)系的句型多種多樣,中國學生常常搞不清楚。其主要原因在于:英漢在表述數(shù)量對比和倍數(shù)關(guān)系方面存在著語言與思維上的差異。所以,我們在平時的學習中一定要注意總結(jié)歸納英語中的習慣表達方式。下面是表述倍數(shù)關(guān)系的幾種常用表示法:1.倍數(shù)(數(shù)字+times)+形容詞/副詞比較級(+名詞)+thanTheaveragepublicinstitutioninChinaemploys2or3timesmorepersonnelthancomparableinstitutionsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.中國國有制單位所雇傭的人員平均比歐美相應單位多二至三倍。Thecostofthecomputeristwicelessthanthatin2000.電腦的成本為2000年的1/3(比2000年減少了2/3)。2.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+asThisnovelistentimesaslongasthatone.這本小說的篇幅是那本書的10倍。John’sluggageisthreetimesasheavyasMary’s.約翰的行李重量是瑪麗的三倍。3.倍數(shù)+名詞Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球的體積是月球的49倍。(相當于:Theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon.)4.動詞+倍數(shù)Theautomaticassemblylinecanshorten10timestheassemblyperiod.自動裝配線可將裝配時間縮短到原來的十分之一。Theoutputofchemicalfertilizerhasbeenraisedfivetimesasagainst1999.化肥產(chǎn)量比1999年增加了4倍。5.其他的一些常用句式Theefficiencyofthemachineshasbeenmorethantrebledorquadrupled.這些機器的效率是原來的三倍或四倍多。Thatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.那可使代謝率提高二倍或三倍。Thereisaslightincreasein…Wecaneasilyfindaslowdeclinein…Comparedwith…,thereisadramaticdropin…Comparedwith…,itistwiceasmuchas…,Bycomparisonwith…,thefigureincreasedsharply.Part2UsefulExpressions1.救死扶傷Healthewoundedandrescuethedying2.中華醫(yī)學會TheChineseMedicalAssociation3.國際紅十字會TheRedCrossSocietyofChina4.國家醫(yī)藥管理局TheStatePharmaceuticalAdministration5.國家中藥管理局TheStateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine6.衛(wèi)生部Thehealthdepartment7.綜合醫(yī)院Generalhospital8.腫瘤醫(yī)院Tumorhospital9.精神病院Mentalhospital10.藥房Dispensary,pharmacy11.血庫Bloodbank12.病房Ward、13.化驗室Laboratory14.診室、手術(shù)室Consulting/operatingroom15.急癥、候診室Emergency、waitingroom16.觀察、隔離室Observation/isolationroom17.門診、住院、護理部Outpatient/inpatient/nursingdepartment18.保健科Healthdepartment19.中醫(yī)科DepartmentoftraditionalChinesemedicine20.針灸科Acupuncturedepartment21.理療科DepartmentOfphysicaltherapy22.外科Departmentofsurgery(醫(yī)生，surgeon）21.內(nèi)科Departmentofinternalmedicine(醫(yī)生，physician）22.腦、胸外科Departmentofcranial/thoracicsurgery23.牙科(醫(yī)生）Departmentofdentistry(dentist)24.骨科（醫(yī)生）Departmentoforthopedics(orthopedist)25.眼科（醫(yī)生）Departmentofophthalmology(ophthalmologist)26.口腔科Dpt.Ofstomatology(stomatologist)27.皮膚科Dpt.Ofdermatology(dermatologist)28.泌尿科Dpt.Ofurology(urologist)29.神經(jīng)科Dpt.Ofneurology(neurologist)30.婦產(chǎn)科Dpt.Ofobstetricsandgynecology(obstetrician,gynecologist;ob/gynspecialist);31.小兒科Dpt.Ofpediatrics(pediatrician);32.病理科Dpt.Ofpathology(pathologist);33.放射科Dpt.Ofradiology;X-raydept.(radiologist);34.耳鼻喉科ENTdpt.(ENTspecialist)e35.精神病科Dpt.Ofneurology(neurologist);36.心臟病科Dpt.Ofcardiology(heatspecialist);37.整形手術(shù)Plasticsurgery、operation38.變性手術(shù)Sexchange/transformationoperation39.護士長Headnurse40.普通醫(yī)生Generalpractitioner(GP);41.主治醫(yī)生Doctor/physicianincharge42.住院醫(yī)生Residentdoctor43.病歷Medicalrecordsy44.癥狀Symptom45.發(fā)炎Inflammation46.惡心Nausea47.貧血Anemia48.輸血Bloodtransfusion49.打點滴Haveanintravenousdrip50.量血壓Takeone’sbloodpressure51.做心電圖Cardiovascular52.人工呼吸Pulmonaryresuscitation；artificialbreathing；53.包扎傷口Dressawound;54.驗血、大小便Haveone’sblood/stool/urinetested55.藥水Liquidmedicine56.膠囊Capsule57.軟膏Ointment,paste;58.膏藥Plaster59.丸劑Herbalmedicine60.針劑Injection61.藥片、藥粉、藥丸Tablet，pill,powder.62.滴眼鼻液Eye/nasaldrops63.氣喘Asthma64.中風Apoplexy,tohaveastroke;65.副作用Sideeffect;66.后遺癥After-effect67.白內(nèi)障Cataract68.腦溢血Cerebralhemorrhage；69.胃潰瘍Gastriculcer70糖尿病Diabetes71.腮腺炎Mumps72.猩紅熱Scarletfever73.狂犬病Rabies74.尿毒癥Uremia75.天花、水痘Smallpox，chickenpox76甲肝、乙肝HepatitisA/B77腎結(jié)石、膽結(jié)石Kidney/gallstone78慢性氣管炎Chronicbronchitis79風濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎Rheumaticarthritis80.肺炎、肺結(jié)核、肺氣腫Pneumonia/tuberculosis/emphysema81.艾滋Aids82.傷寒Typhoid83.霍亂Cholera84.流感Flu/