2024-2025學(xué)年山東省臨沂市蒙陰第一中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期迎期末模擬考試英語(yǔ)試卷

2024—2025學(xué)年山東省臨沂市蒙陰第一中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期迎期末模擬考試英語(yǔ)試卷

一、閱讀理解(★★)Everyyear,nationalparksarecrowdedwithvisitors.HerearethetopfournamedbyTheNationalParkService.GlacierNationalParkIn1910,Glacierwasestablishedasthecountry’s10thnationalpark.Takeadvantageofthepark’sexpansivehikingtrails（路線）,andbesuretohittravelerfavoritesliketheTrailoftheCedarsandIcebergLakeTrail.What’smore,GlacierNationalParkhostsplentyoffreeactivitieslikeguidedhikesandappealingeventsidealforvisitorsofallages.GrandCanyonNationalParkFirstprotectedin1893asaforestreserve,theGrandCanyonbecameanofficialUSnationalparkin1919.Theparkoffersendlesshikingopportunitieswithtrailsofvariouslengths,aswellasthechancetoraft（漂流）theColoradoRiver.Andifyou’relookingforadifferentpoint,considerahelicoptertourtolearnmoreabouttheparkandseeitinallitsgloryfromabove.YellowstoneNationalParkTheworldfamoussitebecamethefirstnationalparkintheU.S.onMarch1,1872,whenPresidentGrantsignedtheYellowstoneNationalParkProtectionActintolaw.Here,hikerscangetlostinthebeautyofthelakes,mountains,valleysand,ofcourse,itsunmatchedhotsprings.ToavoidthecrowdsthatoftentroubleYellowstone,plantovisitinApril,May,SeptemberorOctober.YosemiteNationalParkFirstprotectedin1864,YosemiteNationalParkstandsoutforitsimpressivewaterfalls.Thebesttimetoseewaterfallsisduringspring,whenmostofthesnowmeltoccurs.Therearealsoplentyofscenichikingandcampingopportunities.Justkeepinmindthatcampsitesselloutquicklyafterbecomingavailableforbooking,somakeyourreservationsinadvance.1.Whichparkmayattractpeopleinterestedinwateractivities?

A．GlacierNationalPark.B．YosemiteNationalPark.C．YellowstoneNationalPark.D．GrandCanyonNationalPark.2.WhatdoesYellowstoneNationalParkfeature?

A．Freeactivities.B．Popularhotels.C．Hotsprings.D．Airtours.3.Whatdothefournationalparkshaveincommon?

A．Theyprovidehikingtrails.B．Theysuittouristsofallages.C．Theyhostcampingactivities.D．Theydatefromthe19thcentury.(★★★)WorkingataninvestmentbankinNewYorkCityinthemid-2010s.AnnaSackswaslivingthelife—justnotthelifeshewanted.Sure,shewashappy.Butshewantedtodosomethingthatfeltimportantandwasfulfillingonadeeperlevel.SackspackedupherlifeandmovedtoConnecticutforthreemonthstoparticipateinAdamah,aJewishfarmingprogramthatfocusesonsustainablelivingandgrowingsustainablefood.TheAdamahprogramopenedSacks’seyestothedamageconsumercultureisdoingonalocal,national,andgloballevel,andtheneedtofindsolutions.Fromthenon,shebeganwhatshecalls“trash(垃圾)walking.”Whilewalkingaroundherneighborhood,Sacks,31,pickedthroughrubbishtolookforreusableitems.Soon,hertrashwalksexpandedtoincludecompanyrubbishalongwithresidentialtrash.Surprisingly,shediscoveredawiderangeofreallygreatstuff—likeclothing,dinnerware,andfood—allofwhichshedocumentsonInstagramandTikTok.UnderthenameTheTrashWalker,Sacksquicklygainedpopularityforhereducational,funny,andsurprisingvideosthathighlighttheproblemswithconsumerismandshareinformationabouthowtoliveamoresustainablelife.“Therootissueisoverproduction,whichleadstooverconsumption,whichleadstoalargeamountofwaste,”shesays.Sacks’svideoshavegoneviralmanytimes,causingshockwavesthroughtheindustriesshecallsout.TrashwalkinghasgivenSacksanearlyendlesssupplyandshesharesmuchofher“treasure”withothers.Shetriesgivingtheminformallytofamily,friends,orindividualssheknowsmayneedaspecificitem.ThenshetakestheremainingitemstofreestoressootherNewYorkerscanbenefitfromhertreasure-hunting.Sacks’smainfocusissimplygettingpeopletopayattentiontohowmanyunnecessarythingstheybuyandthenthrowaway.“Onceyoubecomeawareofthewayyouconsume,youcanseewaysyouimprove,”shesays.4.WhatinspiredSackstobeginher“trashwalking”?

A．Herdesiretolivearicherlife.B．Thegreatneedforhouseholdstuff.C．Herinvolvementinaproject.D．ThewishtobeanInternetstar.5.WhatdoSacks’videosfocuson?

A．Funnystories.B．Viewsonconsumption.C．Educationalcourses.D．Solutionstoproblems.6.HowdoesSacksdealwithhertrash?

A．Shedonatesalltothecharity.B．Shekeepsmostforherfamily.C．Shegivesawaymuchtoothers.D．Shesellssometoindividuals.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．TrashWalker:FindTreasureinTrash.B．TrashWalking:AToughJourney.C．TrashWalker:LiveintheMoment.D．TrashWalking:ANewCareer.(★★★)Whenyoueagerlydigintoalong-anticipateddinner,signalsfromyourstomachtoyourbrainkeepyoufromeatingsomuchthatyou’llregretit—orsoit’sbeenthought.ThattheoryhadneverreallybeendirectlytesteduntilateamofscientistsatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscorecentlytookupthequestion.Theteam,ledbyZacharyKnight,aprofessorofUCSFphysiologydiscoveredthatourtastebuds(味蕾)arethefirstlineofdefenseagainsteatingtoofast.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalNature,providesscientistswithanovelperspectiveonhowwecontrolourappetiteandcouldmakecleartheefficacyofweight-lossdrugslikeOzempic.TruongLy,PhD,agraduatestudentinKnight’slab,developednewtechniquesallowingfortheimagingandrecordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfullinanawake,activemouse.Theteamfoundthatwhentheyputfooddirectlyintothemouse’sstomach,braincellscalledPRLHwhichinfluencesappetitewereactivatedbynutrientsignalssentfromthestomach,inlinewithtraditionalthinkingandtheresultsofpriorstudies.However,whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthestomachdidn’tshowup.Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthemouth.“Itwasatotalsurprisethatthesecellswereprovokedbysenseoftaste,”saidLy.“Itshowsthatthereareothercomponentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatweshouldbethinkingabout.”Theresearchindicatesthatwhenwe’rehungry,ourbrainusestasteintwodifferentwaysatthesametime—onetellingustoeatmorebecauseittastesgood,andanotherpartiswatchinghowfastyou’reeatingandsaying,“Slowdownoryou’regoingtobesick.”Theresearchindicatesthatourbrainintegratestaste,ratherthanonlyrelyingonstomachsignaling,tocontroleatingbehavior.Theteamplanstoinvestigatehowtastesignalsinteractwithfeedbackfromthestomachtosuppress(抑制)ourappetiteduringameal.8.WhatdoesthestudyconductedbyUCSFfind?

A．Ozempiciseffectiveinweightloss.B．Stomachshaveeffectsonourappetite.C．Senseoftastecanaffectthespeedofeating.D．Theexpectationfordinnerinfluencesfoodintake.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutPRLHbraincellsinparagraph3?

A．Theyarecrucialtoprovidingnutrients.B．Theiractivitiescanalsoberuledbytastesignals.C．Theirfunctionsaredeterminedbyregularmeals.D．Theycanbeimprovedbysignalsfromstomachandtaste.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“provoke”inparagraph4mean?

A．Stimulate.B．Damage.C．Manage.D．Restrict.11.Whatwillthefollowingresearchbeabout?

A．Stomachfeedbackforappetite.B．Interactionoftasteandstomach.C．Thefunctionsoftastesignals.D．Developmentofweight-lossdrugs.(★★★)Allthehardworkthatyou’vespentmakingstrongpasswords,combiningpetnameswithnumbers,symbolsandbirthdatescouldallsoonbefornothingasanewartificialintelligence(AI)modelachievesa95%accuracyofunderstandingkeystrokes(按鍵).Atleastthat’stheextremeviewofateamofBritishresearchers.Usingadeeplearningmodel,theywereabletostealdatafromalaptop’skeyboardusingamicrophonetounderstandwhatisbeingtyped.This,intheory,wouldallowhackerswhowereabletogainaccesstoyourlaptoptoobtainwhatisbeingtypedincludingmessagesandpasswords.Thefirststepforthisattacktoworkisbyrecordingthekeystrokesonsomeone’skeyboard.Thisisneededtotrainthealgorithm(計(jì)算程序).Whilethiscouldbedonefromthelaptop’smicrophone,itcouldequallybeachievedbyplacingasmartphonenearthecomputer.Bypressing36keysonamodernMacBookPro25timeseachandrecordingthesoundsproduced,theresearchersgainedafullsetoftrainingdata.Thisinformationisturnedintowaveformstoshowidentifiabledifferencesbetweeneachkey.Withthisinformationinhand,theycouldthenbuildamachine-learningmodeltounderstandwhichofthesewaveformslinesupwithwhichkey.“Ifyougetenoughdata,amodelcanbebuiltprettyeasily,”O(jiān)liBuckley,aprofessorofInternetsecurity.“Ifitworksononekeyboard,itwilllikelyworkonthenext.TheMacBookhasanice,quietkeyboard,sotheideaisthatifitworksonsomethingquiet,itwillhaveawide-reachingabilityonlouderkeyboards”.Whilethisallsoundsprettyscary,nottomentionanewformofhacking(侵入)tolookoutfor,itisn’tquiteasworryingasitsounds.“Agoodsampleofdataisneededforittowork,sothischangesifyou’reusingaDell,aMacBookoranexternalkeyboard.Also,factorschange.Somepeopletypelouderandharder,ormykeyboardsfullofcathairsothatimpactsthingsslightly”,saysBuckley.12.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A．Whyprotectivestepsareneeded.B．Whyasetoftrainingdataisvital.C．Howyoudocumentsecretinformation.D．Howhackersgaindatafromtargetedcomputers.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph4referto?

A．Thekeyboard.B．Themodel.C．Thewaveform.D．Thecomputer.14.WhatdoBuckley’swordsimplyinthelastparagraph?

A．AIunderstandsexactlywhatyou’retyping.B．Purchasingexpensivecomputerisnecessary.C．Catsplayanimportantroleinprivacyprotection.D．Buildinganaccuratedatasetthroughkeystrokesisnoteasy.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A．Ascarydangerisontheway.B．Anewformofhackingtroublesus.C．AIcantransformthedigitalworldinabigway.D．AIcandiscoverpasswordsbylisteningtoyoutype.(★★★)Mentalhealthisacriticalaspectofoverallwell-being,yetitisoftenignoredinourfast-pacedsociety.16Awell-caredandhealthymindleadstoimprovedemotions,betterrelationships,andamorepositiveoutlookonlife.17Whenwearestressedorupset,itisourmind’swayofreactingtonegativestimuli(刺激).Goodmentalhealthallowsustocopewiththeseemotionsinapositivemanner.Inaddition,whenourmindsarenotcloudedbynegativethoughtsoremotionsitiseasiertothinkclearly.18Studieshaveshownthatapersonwithgoodmentalhealthliveslongerandhasahigherqualityoflife.Theeffectsofpositivementalhealthonthebodyareplenty,includingreducingtheriskofdiseasesandimprovingoverallphysicalwell-being.Ourmentalstatehasasignificantimpactonrelationships.Peoplewithgoodmentalhealtharemorelikelytobekindandunderstanding.19Thismayfurtherguaranteethemwithastableemotionalcondition.Mentalhealthisasessentialasphysicalhealthinmaintainingafulfillinglife.Ifwerunintotrouble,don’tkeepittoyourself.20Withtherightsupport,wecanallenjoythebenefitsofahealthymind.

A．Turntofriendsorfamilies.B．Theystronglyconnectwithothers.C．Physicalhealthhasbeenaproblem.D．Sowaystokeeppositivemustbefound.E．Andaclearmindcanhelpmakesmartchoices.F．Themindactuallyneedsasmuchcareasthebody.G．Mentalhealthisvitalforkeepingemotionalbalance.二、完形填空(★★★)“Iseverybodyready?”,theteacherasked.I________wasn’t.Itwastheearly1980sandIwasinmyhighschooltypingclass.Ihadtakenitasanelective________becausetheotheroption-Frenchlanguageseemedtoo________.Iwasnevergoodataforeignlanguage.NowIwishedIhadn’tpickedit.Myhandswere________andmyheartwasbeatingfast.Ihadthoughtwewouldjustbelearningtotouch-type,notbe________onspeedandaccuracy.Ifelttoonervoustotypeatahighspeed.“Handsonhomekeys.Eyesonbook,Ready?________!”saidtheteacher.Suddenlytheroomwasalivewithelectrictypewriters’keysbeinghit.Itriedmybestto________,butIfailed.Itwasclearthatbeinga________wasn’tinmyfuture.Ididn’tmakethatmanyerrors,________mytypingspeedwashorriblyslowandIknewIwasn’tgoingtogetagoodgrade.Ireally________takingthisclassafterstrugglingforsolongand________IcouldbelearningphrasesinFrenchinstead.Now43yearslater,Itakeitasmy________thatItookthatclassandlearnedhowtotouch-type.Ithashelpedmewritecountlessstoriesonmy________,writelettersfulloflovetosharewithmyfriendsandfamily,anddowhatIwasmeanttodointhislife.Ifeelso________.Thislifeisalongandwindingroad,wherewemeetdifferentpeople,learn________andsharelove.Maywehugthemallwithagratefulsoulandahappyheart.21.A．temporarilyB．certainlyC．nearlyD．merely22.A．chanceB．hobbyC．courseD．technique23.A．strangeB．easyC．ordinaryD．tough24.A．dancingB．movingC．shakingD．waving25.A．decidedB．testedC．helpedD．selected26.A．GoB．StopC．LookD．Read27.A．runawayB．getroundC．showoffD．keepup28.A．managerB．directorC．secretaryD．teacher29.A．soB．a(chǎn)ndC．forD．but30.A．regrettedB．a(chǎn)ppreciatedC．dislikedD．a(chǎn)dmitted31.A．guessedB．predictedC．wishedD．believed32.A．feelB．luckC．recallD．joke33.A．notebookB．deskC．studyD．keyboard34.A．freshB．thankfulC．secureD．certain35.A．languagesB．theoriesC．skillsD．letters三、語(yǔ)法填空(★★★)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InChina,paper-cuttingisoneofthetreasuresoftraditionalculture.Itusespaper36amaterialandcreatesvariouspatternsandshapesthroughthecuttingandcarvingofscissorsorknives.Thehistoryofpaper-cutting37(date)backtotheHanDynasty,whenpeoplebegantousepaper-cuttingtodecoratedoors,windows,andscreens.Withthepassageoftime,paper-cutting38(gradual)developedintoauniqueartformandspreadthroughoutthecountry.Thethemesofpaper-cuttingareveryextensive,39(include)animals,plants,characters,fairytales,andsoon.Themostcommonthemesarezodiacsignsandthecharacter“fu”(goodfortune),40symbolizegoodluckandhappiness.Theproductionprocessofpaper-cuttingrequirespatienceandskill.First,artistsneedtodrawsketches(草圖)41(base)onthethemeandshapetobeexpressedonpaper.Then,theyusescissorsorknives42(cut)andcarvealongthelinesofthesketch,cuttingoutvariousshapesandpatterns.Finally,thecutpatterns43(stick)topaperorotheritemstocompleteabeautifulpaper-cuttingwork.Paper-cuttingisnotonly44artform,butalsoaculturalheritage.Itshowsthe45(wise)andcreativityoftheChinesepeople,conveyingthevaluesandbeautyofChineseculture.Therefore,weshouldtreasureandinherit(繼承)thisvaluableculturalheritage.四、書信寫作(★★★)46.假定你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。你校將于下周舉辦美食節(jié)(FoodFestival)活動(dòng)，你受學(xué)校委托為國(guó)際部交換生寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容；3.歡迎參加。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、書面表達(dá)(★★★)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenDavidwasaboy,hewasembarrassedtobeseenwalkingwithhisfather.Hisfatherwasshortandseverelycrippled(跛腿的).Whenthefatherandthesonwalkedalongthestreettogether,thefather’shandwasonDavid’sarmforbalance,whichattractedalotofunwantedattention.Atthatmoment,Davidalwaysfeltashamedandwantedtorunaway.Butthefathersaid:“Wejustwalkdifferently.”AlmosteveryweekdayDavidhadtoaccompanyhisfathertogotowork.Theirusualwalkwastoorfromthesubway,whichwashowhisfathergottowork.Itwashardforthefathertowalk,buthestucktowork,evenifhewassickortheweatherwasbad.Henevermissedaday.Whensnoworicewasontheground,itwasimpossibleforhimtowalk,evenwithothers’help.AtsuchtimesDavidwouldpullhimthroughthestreetsonachild’ssleigh(雪橇)tothesubwayentrance.Oncethere,thefatherwouldclingto(抓住)thehandrailuntilhereachedthelowerstepswherethewarmertunnelairkeptice-free.Fortunately,th